Ragnall ua Ímair, King of Waterford
| Ragnall ua Ímair | |
|---|---|
| King of Waterford | |
.jpg) Ragnall's name as it appears on folio 39r of Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson B 489.[1] | |
| Reign | 1022–1035 |
| Predecessor | Sitriuc mac Ímair |
| Died | 1035 |
| Dynasty | Uí Ímair (probably) |
Ragnall ua Ímair (died 1035),[2] also known as Ragnall mac Ragnaill,[3][note 1] was an eleventh-century King of Waterford. He appears to have ruled as king from 1022 to 1035, the year of his death.
Family
[edit].jpg)
Ragnall seems to have been a descendant of Ímar, King of Waterford.[7] Ragnall's father may have been Ragnall mac Ímair, King of Waterford.[8] Such a relationship would indicate that the patronym ua Ímair—accorded to Ragnall by the Irish Annals that note his death—refers to Ragnall mac Ímair's father, the aforesaid Ímar.[9][note 2]
Reign and death
[edit]
Very little is known of the Waterfordian kingship in the early eleventh century.[13] Ímar died in 1000.[14] His son, the aforesaid Ragnall mac Ímair, died as king in 1018.[15] Another son of Ímar, Sitriuc mac Ímair, King of Waterford was slain by the King of Osraige in 1022.[16] An apparent brother of Ragnall died in 1015.[17] Ragnall himself appears to have ruled Waterford from 1022 to 1035.[18] The seventeenth-century Annals of the Four Masters, the fourteenth-century Annals of Tigernach, and the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century Annals of Ulster reveal that, in 1035, Ragnall was slain by Sitriuc mac Amlaíb, King of Dublin.[19]
The following year, Sitriuc mac Amlaíb was driven out of Dublin by Echmarcach mac Ragnaill.[20] Whilst the parentage of the latter is uncertain, if he was a related to Ragnall—perhaps as either a brother or son—it could mean that Echmarcach's actions against Sitriuc mac Amlaíb were undertaken in revenge for his death.[21] Against this possibility is the fact that there is no evidence that Echmarcach, or his known family, had any connection with Waterford.[22] Whatever the case, Ragnall's fall appears to have been an important benchmark in Waterford's history, and after this date the enclave increasingly fell prey to the machinations of the Uí Briain and the Uí Cheinnselaig.[23] In fact, two years after the killing, the King of Waterford was Cú Inmain ua Robann, an apparent Irishman.[24]
Notes
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ The Annals of Ulster (2017) § 1035.5; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1035.5; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489 (n.d.).
- ^ Downham (2007).
- ^ Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005).
- ^ Connon (2005).
- ^ Duffy (2006).
- ^ The Annals of Tigernach (2016) § 1031.4; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1031.4; Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488 (n.d.).
- ^ Downham (2007) p. 56 fig. 10; Connon (2005); Hudson, BT (2005) p. 129; Etchingham (2001) p. 181; Duffy (1992) p. 96.
- ^ Downham (2007) p. 56 fig. 10; Hudson, BT (2005) p. 129; Etchingham (2001) p. 181; Hudson, BT (1992) p. 355.
- ^ The Annals of Ulster (2017) § 1035.5; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1035.5; Downham (2007) p. 3 n. 12.
- ^ Duffy (2006) pp. 53, 55.
- ^ Wilson (2014) pp. 24, 30; Hurley (2011) p. 98; Mc Dermott (2010) p. 61.
- ^ Halpin; Newman (2006) p. 490; Herron (2006) pp. 106–107; Wilson (2014) p. 30; Harbison (1992) p. 328.
- ^ Etchingham (2001) p. 181.
- ^ The Annals of Ulster (2017) § 1000.3; The Annals of Tigernach (2016) § 1000.2; Annals of the Four Masters (2013a) § 999.7; Annals of the Four Masters (2013b) § 999.7; Chronicon Scotorum (2012) § 999; Chronicon Scotorum (2010) § 999; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1000.3; Downham (2007) pp. 56 fig. 10, 261; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1000.2; Hudson, BT (2005) p. 129; Etchingham (2001) p. 181; Murphy (1896) p. 164.
- ^ Annals of Inisfallen (2010) § 1018.5; Annals of Inisfallen (2008) § 1018.5; Downham (2007) p. 56 fig. 10; Hudson, BT (2005) p. 129; Etchingham (2001) p. 181; Jaski (1997) p. 139 § 1035.5.
- ^ The Annals of Ulster (2017) § 1022.1; The Annals of Tigernach (2016) § 1022.2; Annals of the Four Masters (2013a) § 1022.11; Annals of the Four Masters (2013b) § 1022.11; Chronicon Scotorum (2012) § 1022; Chronicon Scotorum (2010) § 1022; Annals of Loch Cé (2008) § 1022.1; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1022.1; Downham (2007) p. 56 fig. 10; Duffy (2006) p. 52; Annals of Loch Cé (2005) § 1022.1; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1022.2; Etchingham (2001) p. 181; Jaski (1997) p. 137 § 1022.1; Murphy (1896) p. 170.
- ^ Annals of the Four Masters (2013a) § 1014.15; Annals of the Four Masters (2013b) § 1014.15; Chronicon Scotorum (2012) § 1014; Chronicon Scotorum (2010) § 1014; Downham (2007) p. 56 fig. 10.
- ^ Hudson, BT (2005) p. 129.
- ^ The Annals of Ulster (2017) § 1035.5; The Annals of Tigernach (2016) § 1035.5; Annals of the Four Masters (2013a) § 1035.3; Annals of the Four Masters (2013b) § 1035.3; Downham (2013) p. 145; Annals of Loch Cé (2008) § 1035.5; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1035.5; Downham (2007) pp. 56 fig. 10, 272; Duffy (2006) p. 55; Annals of Loch Cé (2005) § 1035.5; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1035.5; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) pp. 227–228; Hudson, BT (2005) p. 129; Etchingham (2001) pp. 181–182; Jaski (1997) p. 139 § 1035.5; Duffy (1992) p. 96; Anderson (1922a) pp. 590–592 n. 2.
- ^ Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) pp. 227–228; Hudson, BT (2005) p. 129; Etchingham (2001) pp. 181–182; Duffy (1992) p. 96.
- ^ Connon (2005); Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) pp. 227–228; Hudson, BT (2005) p. 129; Etchingham (2001) pp. 181–182; Duffy (1992) p. 96.
- ^ Hudson, BT (2005) p. 129; Etchingham (2001) p. 182; Hudson, BT (1992) p. 355.
- ^ Downham (2013) p. 145.
- ^ The Annals of Ulster (2017) § 1037.4; The Annals of Tigernach (2016) § 1037.2; The Annals of Ulster (2008) § 1037.4; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1037.2; Hudson, BT (2005) p. 129; Etchingham (2001) p. 182; Hudson, BT (1992) p. 355.
References
[edit]Primary sources
[edit]- Anderson, AO, ed. (1922). Early Sources of Scottish History, A.D. 500 to 1286. Vol. 1. London: Oliver and Boyd. OL 14712679M.
- "Annals of Inisfallen". Corpus of Electronic Texts (23 October 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- "Annals of Inisfallen". Corpus of Electronic Texts (16 February 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- "Annals of Loch Cé". Corpus of Electronic Texts (5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- "Annals of the Four Masters". Corpus of Electronic Texts (3 December 2013 ed.). University College Cork. 2013a. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- "Annals of the Four Masters". Corpus of Electronic Texts (16 December 2013 ed.). University College Cork. 2013b. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link) - "Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489". Early Manuscripts at Oxford University. Oxford Digital Library. n.d. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link) - "Chronicon Scotorum". Corpus of Electronic Texts (24 March 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- "Chronicon Scotorum". Corpus of Electronic Texts (14 May 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- Murphy, D, ed. (1896). The Annals of Clonmacnoise. Dublin: Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. OL 7064857M.
- "The Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (8 February 2016 ed.). University College Cork. 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- "The Annals of Ulster". Corpus of Electronic Texts (6 January 2017 ed.). University College Cork. 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
Secondary sources
[edit]- Connon, A (2005). "Sitriuc Silkenbeard". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge. pp. 429–430. ISBN 0-415-94052-4.
- Downham, C (2007). Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0.
- Downham, C (2013). "The Historical Importance of Viking-Age Waterford". No Horns on Their Helmets? Essays on the Insular Viking-Age. Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Scandinavian Studies. Aberdeen: Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies and The Centre for Celtic Studies, University of Aberdeen. pp. 129–155. ISBN 978-0-9557720-1-6. ISSN 2051-6509.
- Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171". Ériu. 43: 93–133. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007421.
- Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.). Medieval Dublin. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. ISBN 1-85182-974-1.
- Etchingham, C (2001). "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone". Peritia. 15: 145–187. doi:10.1484/J.Peri.3.434. eISSN 2034-6506. ISSN 0332-1592.
- Forte, A; Oram, RD; Pedersen, F (2005). Viking Empires. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82992-2.
- Halpin, A; Newman, C (2006). Ireland: An Oxford Archaeological Guide to Sites From Earliest Times to AD 1600. Oxford Archaeological Guides. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280671-0.
- Harbison, P (1992) [1970]. Guide to National and Historic Monuments of Ireland. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. ISBN 0-7171-1956-4. OL 1146353M.
- Herron, T (2006). "Plucking the Perrot: Muiopotmos and Irish Politics". In Lethbridge, JB (ed.). Edmund Spenser: New and Renewed Directions. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. pp. 80–118. ISBN 0-8386-4066-4.
- Hudson, BT (1992). "Cnut and the Scottish Kings". English Historical Review. 107 (423): 350–360. doi:10.1093/ehr/CVII.423.350. eISSN 1477-4534. ISSN 0013-8266. JSTOR 575068.
- Hudson, BT (2005). Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0.
- Hurley, M (2011). "Waterford's Viking Footprint". Irish Arts Review. 28 (3): 97–98. ISSN 1649-217X. JSTOR 23049505.
- Jaski, B (1997). "Additional Notes to the Annals of Ulster". Ériu. 48: 103–152. eISSN 2009-0056. ISSN 0332-0758. JSTOR 30007959.
- Mc Dermott, G (2010). Hiberno-Norse Town Defences in Viking Age Ireland (MA thesis). University College Dublin.
- Wilson, A (2014). Birkett, T; Lee, C (eds.). The Vikings in Munster (PDF). Languages, Myths and Finds. Centre for the Study of the Viking Age, University of Nottingham. pp. 20–32. ISBN 9780853583004.
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