Salanpur (community development block)

Salanpur
Community development block
Location in West Bengal
Coordinates: 23°49′05″N 86°53′20″E / 23.81806°N 86.88889°E / 23.81806; 86.88889
Country	India
State	West Bengal
District	Paschim Bardhaman
Parliamentary constituency	Asansol
Assembly constituency	Barabani
Area
• Total	52.14 sq mi (135.05 km2)
Elevation	512 ft (156 m)
Population  (2011)
• Total	160,357
• Density	3,100/sq mi (1,200/km2)
Time zone	UTC+5.30 (IST)
PIN	713357 (Salanpur) 713364 (Rupnarayanpur Bazar)
Telephone/STD code	0341
Vehicle registration	WB-37, WB-38, WB-41, WB-42, WB-44
Literacy Rate	78.76 per cent
Website	bardhaman.gov.in

Salanpur is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Asansol subdivision of Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Rupnarainpur, a gram panchayat in Salanpur CD Block, is located at 23°49′05″N 86°53′20″E / 23.818°N 86.889°E / 23.818; 86.889.^[1][2]

Salanpur CD Block is bounded by Jamtara and Nala CD Blocks, in Jamtara district of Jharkhand, on the north, Barabani CD Block on the east, Asansol (municipal corporation) and after that Neturia CD Block, in Purulia district, on the south and Nirsa and Baliapur CD Blocks, in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand, on the west.^[3]

Salanpur CD Block has an area of 135.05 km² (52.14 sq mi). It has 1 panchayat samity, 11 gram panchayats, 96 gram sansads (village councils), 74 mouzas and 69 inhabited villages. Chittaranjan and Salanpur police stations serve this block.^[4] Headquarters of this CD Block is at Rupnarayanpur.^[5][6]

Gram panchayats of Salanpur block/panchayat samiti are: Achhra, Alladi, Basudevpur-Jemari, Dendua, Ethora, Fulberia-Bolkunda, Jitpur-Uttarrampur, Kallya, Rupnarayanpur, Salanpur and Samdi.^[7]

As per the 2011 Census of India Salanpur CD Block had a total population of 160,357, of which 101,360 were rural and 61,697 were urban. There were 83,796 (51%) males and 79,261 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 17,118. Scheduled Castes numbered 39,294 (24.10%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 17,084 (10.48%).^[8]

As per 2001 census, Salanpur block had a total population of 156,338, out of which 82,741 were males and 73,597 were females. Salanpur block registered a population growth of 9.64 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Bardhaman district was 14.36 per cent.^[9] Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.^[10] Scheduled castes at 35,898 formed around one-fifth the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 17,143.^[11]

Census Towns in Salanpur CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Chittaranjan (39,098) and Hindusthan Cables Town (22,599).^[8]

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Salanpur CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Salanpur (4,739), Jemari (4,321), Ethora (4,547) and Kalya (703).^[8]

Other villages in Salanpur CD Block include (2011census figures in brackets): Alladi (2,384), Dendua (2,297), Rupnarayanpur (2,242), Uttarrampur (1,331), Jitpur (1,532), Achhra (2,584), Phulberya (1,918), Bolkunda (1,351), Shyamdi (3,265) and Basudebpur (3,098).^[8]

As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Salanpur CD Block was 114,940 (78.76% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 64,520 (86.12% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 50,420 (70.99% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 15.13%.^[8]

As per 2001 census, Salanpur block had a total literacy of 78.22 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 87.07 per cent female literacy was 68.20 per cent. Bardhaman district had a total literacy of 70.18 per cent, male literacy being 78.63 per cent and female literacy being 60.95 per cent.^[12]

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 153,776 and formed 94.31% of the population in Salanpur CD Block. Muslims numbered 5,825 and formed 3.57% of the population. Christians numbered 1,816 and formed 1.11% of the population. Others numbered 1,640 and formed 1.01% of the population.^[13]

At the time of the 2011 census, 67.03% of the population spoke Bengali, 19.80% Hindi, 9.35% Santali and 0.95% Khortha as their first language.^[14]

As per poverty estimates obtained from household survey for families living below poverty line in 2005, rural poverty in Salanpur CD Block was 24.27%.^[15]

In Salanpur CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 2,291 and formed 4.41% of the total workers, agricultural labourers numbered 3,288 and formed 6.44%, household industry workers numbered 1,133 and formed 2.22% and other workers numbered 44.346 and formed 86.85%. Total workers numbered 51,058 and formed 31.31% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 111,999 and formed 68.69% of the population.^[16]

Coalmines are spread across the Andal, Pandaveswar, Raniganj, Jamuria, Barabani and Salanpur region, including municipal areas. Livelihood in this region is coal-centred. The area does not produce much of agricultural products. Overall work participation rate, and female work participation rate, in the mining area are low. Interestingly the work participation rate in the predominantly agricultural rural areas of erstwhile Bardhaman district is higher than in the predominantly urbanised mining area. Human development in the mining area does not at all look good. However, in the composite livelihood index the mining area performs much better than the non-mining areas of erstwhile Bardhaman district. The decadal (1991-2001) change in composition of workers shows the growing pressure of population growth, as well as of migrants from adjacent Jharkhand.^[17]

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.^[18]

All 74 or 100% of mouzas in Salanpur CD Block were electrified by 31 March 2014.^[19]

All 74 mouzas in Salanpur CD Block had drinking water facilities in 2013–14. There were 9 fertiliser depots, 3 seed stores and 32 fair price shops in the CD Block.^[19]

Coal mining in India first started in the Raniganj Coalfield. In 1774, John Sumner and Suetonius Grant Heatly of the British East India Company found coal near Ethora, presently in Salanpur CD Block.^[20]

See also – Salanpur Area and Sodepur Area of Eastern Coalfields

Mohanpur open cast project in Salanpur Area of Eastern Coalfields is undergoing expansion to 2.5 million tonnes per year.^[21][22] Gourandi Extension In Salanpur Area of Eastern Coalfields has a mineable reserve of 15.44 million tonnes.^[22]

With extensive underground mining for many years, this area has been facing the problem of land subsidence. About 361 villages under the Raniganj and Salanpur coalfield areas are the victims of subsidence.^[23]

Chittaranjan Locomotive Works at Chittaranjan is one of the largest electric locomotive manufacturers in the world. Established in 1950, it produced steam locomotives up to 1972. It is named after the great Indian independence movement activist, Chittaranjan Das.^[24]

The Rupnarayanpur unit of Hindustan Cables was closed on 1 February 2017.^[25] Hindustan Cables was set up in 1952 at Rupnarayanpur. It later set up units at Hyderabad and Naini, Allahabad. Both the Rupnarayanpur and Hyderabad units, which produced polythene insulated jelly filled cables, had stopped producing in 2003, as BSNL and MTNL did not need such cables anymore.^[26]

Bhushan Steel signed an agreement with the West Bengal government to set a 2 million tonne steel plant, with auxiliary facilities, at Salanpur, in 2007. The company expected to get around 2,500 acres of land acquired in the subsequent one year and start production in 2012.^[27] With growing resistance to land acquisition the state government was not able to make much headway.^[28] In 2012, Bhusan Steel put the project on hold.^[29]

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of bargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.^[30] Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in Salanpur CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 2.44%, patta (document) holders 37.94%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 5.68%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 27.08% and agricultural labourers 26.86%.^[19]

In 2003-04 net cropped area in Salanpur CD Block was 4,681 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 946 hectares.^[31]

In 2013–14, Salanpur CD Block produced 17,215 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 8,142 hectares. It also produced pulses.^[19]

In 2013–14, Salanpur CD Block had offices of 7 commercial banks and 2 gramin banks.^[19]

Salanpur CD Block has 6 originating/ terminating bus routes.^[19]

v t e Asansol–Patna section
Legend
km to Patna–Mughalsarai section of Howrah–Delhi main line to Patna–Gaya line 331 Patna Junction 329 Rajendra Nagar Terminal NH 19 325 Gulzarbagh 322 Patna Sahib Patna Ghat 319 Deedarganj 315 Banka Ghat Punpun River SH 4 309 Fatuha Junction to Fatuha–Tilaiya line 307 Buddhdevchak Yadav Nagar 306 Harasbigha 301 Khusropur 297 Manjhauligram (Halt) 295 Salimpur 293 Karauta 291 Teka Bigha (Halt) 286 Bakhtiyarpur Junction to Bakhtiyarpur–Tilaiya line 280 Jai Prakash Mahuli 277 Athmal Gola 274 Achuara 268 Barh 266 Sabari (Halt) Barh Super Thermal Power Station (NTPC Limited) 262 Railey (Halt) 260 Lemuabad 258 Punarakh 255 Memrakhabad 253 Kanhaipur 249 Mor 247 Barhapur (Halt) 244 Shivnar (Halt) Bharat Wagon and Engineering 242 Mokama Junction 238 Auta (Halt) NH 31 237 Tall to Mokama–Barauni section 234 Hathidah Junction 230 Rampur Dumra 224 Barhiya 222 Ganga Sahay 220 Dumri (Halt) 217 Dhurani Jwas (Halt) 215 Mankatha to Gaya–Kiul line 209 Lakhisarai Junction Kiul River 208 Kiul Junction to Sahibganj loop 206 Mahesh Leta (Halt) 205 Lakhochak (Halt) 204 Bansipur 203 Balaharpur (Halt) 201 Manakpur 198 Bhalui 191 Kunder (Halt) SH 72 181 Jamui 178 Chaura 166 Gidhaur 162 Dadpur 155 Jhajha 151 Rajla 147 Narganjo (Halt) 142 Ghorparan 136 Simultala 133 Telwa Bazar Bihar Jharkhand border 126 Lahabon 118 Tulsitanr Dahwa River NH 333 111 Jasidih Junction to Jasidih–Dumka–Rampurhat line 104 Kumrabad Rohini Ajay River 99 Sankarpur 93 Mathurapur 87 Nawapatra Pathrol River to Madhupur–Giridih–Koderma line 82 Madhupur Junction 72 Joramow Jayanti River 66 Madankata 57 Vidyasagar Mihijam–Madhupur Road 48 Kaseetar Mihijam–Madhupur Road 39 Jamtara Mihijam–Madhupur Road Mihijam–Madhupur Road 30 Bodma 25 Chittaranjan Jharkhand West Bengal border Asansol–Chittaranjan Road Chittaranjan Locomotive Works 21 Rupnarayanpur Damgoria Colliery 13 Salanpur Bonjemahari Colliery NH 2 to Asansol–Gaya section of Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line 9 Sitarampur 5 Barachak to Asansol–Tatanagar–Kharagpur line 0 Asansol Junction Bardhaman–Asansol section

The Asansol-Patna section of the Howrah-Delhi main line passes through this CD Block. There are stations at Salanpur and Rupnarayanpur,^[32]

The Kolkata-Delhi NH 19 (old numbering NH 2) passes through this block.^[33]

State Highway 5 (West Bengal) running from Rupnarayanpur (in Bardhaman district) to Junput (in Purba Medinipur district) originates from this block.^[34]

Asansol-Chittaranjan road links to both NH 19 and Grand Trunk Road and thereafter it links to Jamtara in Jharkhand and from there to places such as Dumka and Karmatanr.^[35]

In 2013–14, Salanpur CD Block had 75 primary schools with 10,260 students, 4 middle schools with 379 students, 6 high schools with 3,634 students and 9 higher secondary schools with 7,894 students. Salanpur CD Block had 1 general college with 1,411 students, 5 technical/ professional institution with 730 students and 274 institutions for special and non-formal education with 9,079 students.^[19]

Deshbandhu Mahavidyalaya was established at Chittaranjan in 1973. It is affiliated with the Kazi Nazrul University.^[36]

Kalyaneshwari Temple is a 500-year-old centre of Shakti worship. Legend has it that human sacrifices were offered at Kalyaneshwari in the remote past. The present temple, however, is not very old and was constructed by Panchakot Raj. The temple of Goddess Kalyaneshwari is believed to fulfill the wishes of childless women.^[37][38]

In 2014, Salanpur CD Block had 1 block primary health centre, 3 primary health centres, 2 medical institutions of central government/ PSUs and 2 private nursing homes with total 517 beds and 52 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 13 family welfare sub centres. 10,229 patients were treated indoor and 117,995 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.^[19]

Pithaikeary Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, at Rupnarayanpur, is the major government medical facility in the Salanpur CD block. There are primary health centres at Dabor, PO Achra (with 10 beds), and Parbotpur, PO Samdi (with 2 beds).^[39][40] Kasturba Gandhi Hospital at Chittaranjan functions with 150 beds.^[41]

• District map showing blocks

Maithon travel guide from Wikivoyage