Show Jumping World Cup
The FEI Show Jumping World Cup is an annual international competition among the world’s best show jumping horses and riders. The series, created in 1978, today comprises 14 leagues on all continents. The best riders from 132 preliminary competitions qualify for the final.[1] The FEI World Cup was thought up by a Swiss journalist and show jumping enthusiast, Max E. Ammann. For 20 years, until 1999, both the final and qualifiers were sponsored by Volvo.[2] From 1999 to 2013, the series has been sponsored by Rolex.[3] Longines has been the title sponsor of the series since October 2013.
Approximately 45 riders qualify from 13 leagues around the world. Usually there are 20 riders from Europe, 15 from the United States, 5 from Canada, and 5 from elsewhere in the world. At the beginning, the final was a rather complicated process and in 1981 its formula was modified. Since then it has not been changed. It starts with a Table C speed competition, followed by a jump-off competition and, after one day's rest, a two-round final not against the clock.
In the 28 World Cup finals held until 2007, US riders have emerged with the most titles, having won the championship seven times.[4] Hugo Simon was the first rider to win the FEI World Cup three times, followed by Rodrigo Pessoa. Mario Deslauriers is so far the youngest winner, aged 19, in the competition's history riding Aramis in 1984.[2]
The FEI World Cup Final is usually held in April of each year.
1979[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE)
- 1. Hugo Simon – Gladstone, 18, 0/24.50 secs [5]
- 2. Katie Monahan – The Jones Boy, 18, 4/25.40
- 3. Eddie Macken – Carrolls of Dundalk, 6
- 3. Norman Dello Joio – Allegro, 6
1980[edit]
Baltimore (USA)
- 1. Conrad Homfeld – Balbuco, 47.50
- 2. Melanie Smith – Calypso, 44.50
- 3. Paul Schockemöhle – El Paso, 42
1981[edit]
Birmingham, England (GBR)
- 1. Michael Matz – Jet Run, 39
- 2. Donald Cheska – Southside, 37
- 3. Hugo Simon – Gladstone, 35.50
1982[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE)
- 1. Melanie Smith – Calypso, 0 penalties
- 2. Paul Schockemöhle – Akrobat, 1
- 3. Hugo Simon – Gladstone, 10
- 3. John Whitaker – Ryan's Son, 10
1983[edit]
Vienna (AUT)
- 1. Norman Dello Joio – I Love You, 0 penalties
- 2. Hugo Simon – Gladstone, 4
- 3. Melanie Smith – Calypso, 7.50
1984[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE)
- 1. Mario Deslauriers – Aramis, 4 penalties
- 2. Norman Dello Joio – I Love You, 5
- 2. Nelson Pessoa – Moët & Chandon Larramy, 5
1985[edit]
Berlin (FRG)
- 1. Conrad Homfeld – Abdullah, 3 penalties
- 2. Nick Skelton – Everest St James, 4
- 3. Pierre Durand – Jappeloup, 8.50
1986[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE)
- 1. Leslie Burr Lenehan – McLain, 0 penalties
- 2. Ian Millar – Big Ben, 13
- 3. Conrad Homfeld – Maybe, 16.50
1987[edit]
Paris (FRA)
- 1. Katharine Burdsall – The Natural, 4.50 penalties
- 2. Philippe Rozier – Malesan Jiva, 7.50
- 3. Lisa Jacquin – For The Moment, 8
1988[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE)
- 1. Ian Millar – Big Ben, 4 penalties
- 2. Pierre Durand – Jappeloup de Luze, 8.5
- 3. Philippe Le Jeune – Nistria, 12.5
1989[edit]
Tampa (USA)
- 1. Ian Millar – Big Ben, 0 penalties
- 2. John Whitaker – Next Milton, 10.75
- 3. George Lindeman – Jupiter, 14.5
1990[edit]
Dortmund (GER)
- 1. John Whitaker – Henderson Milton, 4 penalties
- 2. Pierre Durand – Jappeloup, 12.50
- 3. Franke Sloothaak – Walzerkönig, 14
1991[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE)
- 1. John Whitaker – Henderson Milton, 1.50 penalties
- 2. Nelson Pessoa – Special Envoy, 5
- 3. Roger-Yves Bost – Norton de Rhuys, 5.50
1992[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Del Mar (USA) (Final was held outdoors)
Final standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Thomas Frühmann | Bockmann's Genius | 0 | |
2 | Lesley McNaught-Mändli | Moet & Chandon Pirol | 10.5 | |
3 | Markus Fuchs | Interpane Shandor | 11 | |
4 | Thomas Fuchs | Dylano | 11.5 | |
5 | Bernie Traurig | Maybe Forever | 12 |
1993[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE)
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ludger Beerbaum | Almox Ratina Z | 8 | |
2 | John Whitaker | Everest Grannusch & Everest Milton | 10.5 | |
3 | Michael Matz | Rhum | 12.5 | |
4 | Susan Hutchison | Samsung Woodstock | 14.5 | |
5 | Beezie Patton | Ping Pong & French Rapture | 19.5 |
1994[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
's-Hertogenbosch (NLD)
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Jos Lansink | Bollvorms Libero H | 0 | |
2 | Franke Sloothaak | Dorina & Weihaiwej | 9.5 | |
3 | Michael Whitaker | Midnight Madness | 14 | |
4 | Hugo Simon | Apricot D | 14.25 | |
5 | Dirk Hafemeister | PS Priamos | 16 |
1995[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE)
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nick Skelton | Everest Dollar Girl | 7 | |
2 | Lars Nieberg | For Pleasure | 9 | |
3 | Lesley McNaught-Mändli | Barcelona SVH & Doenhoff | 13 | |
4 | Ludger Beerbaum | Gaylord & Ratina Z | 14.5 | |
4 | Michael Whitaker | Everest Two Step | 16.5 |
1996[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Geneve (SUI)
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Hugo Simon | E.T. | 10, 0 + 49.03 | |
2 | Willi Melliger | Calvaro V | 10, 0 +51.10 | |
3 | Nick Skelton | Dollar Girl | 11 | |
4 | Rodrigo Pessoa | Special Envoy & Tomboy | 12.5 | |
4 | Franke Sloothaak | Corrado & Weihaiwej | 13.75 |
1997[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE)
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Hugo Simon | E.T. FRH | 0 | |
2 | John Whitaker | Grannush & Welham | 3.50 | |
3 | Franke Sloothaak | San Patrignano Joly | 6 | |
4 | Beat Mändli | City Banking | 10.50 | |
5 | Anne Kursinski | Eros | 12.50 |
1998[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Helsinki (FIN)
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rodrigo Pessoa | Loro Piana Baloubet du Rouet | 6.5 | |
2 | Lars Nieberg | Esprit | 7.5 | |
3 | Ludger Beerbaum | P.S. Priamos | 12.5 | |
4 | René Tebbel | Radiator | 16 | |
4 | Richard Spooner | Cosino | 16 |
1999[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE)
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rodrigo Pessoa | Gandini Baloubet du Rouet | 4 | |
2 | Trevor Coyle | Cruising | 5.5 | |
3 | René Tebbel | Radiator | 8.25 | |
4 | Beat Mändli | Pozitano | 11.5 | |
5 | Michael Whitaker | Virutual Village Ashley | 15 |
2000[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Las Vegas (USA)
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rodrigo Pessoa | Baloubet du Rouet | 0 | |
2 | Markus Fuchs | Tinkas Boy | 7.5 | |
3 | Beat Mändli | Pozitano | 10 | |
4 | Ludger Beerbaum | Goldfever | 11.5 | |
5 | Ludo Philippaerts | Verelst Otterongo | 14 |
2001[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE)
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Markus Fuchs | Tinka's Boy | 5, 0 +36.25 | |
2 | Rodrigo Pessoa | Baloubet du Rouet | 5, 8 +33.90 | |
3 | Michael Whitaker | Handel II | 8 | |
4 | Willi Melliger | Calvaro V | 10 | |
5 | Candice King | John Em | 17 |
2002[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Leipzig (GER)
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Otto Becker | Dobels Cento | 7 | |
2 | Ludger Beerbaum | Gladdys S | 8 | |
3 | Rodrigo Pessoa | Baloubet du Rouet | 11 | |
4 | McLain Ward | Viktor | 14 | |
4 | Leslie Howard | Priobert de Kalvarie | 14 |
2003[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Las Vegas (USA)
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Marcus Ehning | Anka | 2 | |
2 | Rodrigo Pessoa | Baloubet du Rouet | 6 | |
3 | Malin Baryard | H&M Butterfly Flip | 8 | |
4 | Lars Nieberg | Fighting Alpha | 10 | |
5 | Laura Kraut | Anthem | 13 | |
5 | Markus Fuchs | Tinka's Boy | 13 |
2004[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Milan (ITA) 21 – 25 April
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bruno Broucqsault | Dileme de Cephe | 0 | |
2 | Meredith Michaels-Beerbaum | Shutterfly | 4 | |
3 | Markus Fuchs | Tinka's Boy | 8 | |
4 | Eugenie Angot | Cigale du Taillis | 9 | |
4 | Marco Kutscher | Montender II | 13 |
2005[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Las Vegas (USA) 21 – 24 April
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Meredith Michaels-Beerbaum | Shutterfly | 4 | |
2 | Michael Whitaker | Portofino 63 | 7 | |
3 | Marcus Ehning | Gitania 8 | 9 | |
3 | Lars Nieberg | Lucie 55 | 9 | |
5 | Kimberly Frey | Marlou | 10 |
2006[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Kuala Lumpur (MAS) 26 – 30 April
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Marcus Ehning | Sandro Boy | 0 | |
2 | Jessica Kürten | Castle Forbes Libertina | 1 | |
3 | Beat Mändli | Ideo du Thot | 4 | |
4 | Juan Carlos Garcia | Loro Piana Albin III | 5 | |
5 | Meredith Michaels-Beerbaum | Checkmate | 8 |
2007[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Las Vegas (USA) 19 – 22 April
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Beat Mändli | Ideo du Thot | 5 | |
2 | Daniel Deusser | Air Jordan Z | 11 | |
3 | Steve Guerdat | Tresor | 12 | |
3 | Markus Beerbaum | Leena | 12 | |
4 | Marcus Ehning | Gitania | 13 |
2008[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE) 24 – 27 April
Final Standings[6][edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Meredith Michaels-Beerbaum | Shutterfly | 4 | |
2 | Rich Fellers | Flexible | 6 | |
3 | Heinrich-Hermann Engemann | Aboyeur W | 9 | |
4 | Jessica Kürten | Castle Forbes Libertina | 12 | |
4 | Ludger Beerbaum | All Inclusive NRW | 12 | |
4 | Beat Mändli | Ideo du Thot | 12 |
2009[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Las Vegas (USA) 15 – 19 April
Final standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Meredith Michaels-Beerbaum | Shutterfly | 0 | |
2 | McLain Ward | Sapphire | 2 | |
3 | Albert Zoer | Okidoki | 4 | |
4 | Christina Liebherr | LB No Mercy | 7 | |
5 | Rodrigo Pessoa | Rufus | 12 |
2010[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Le Grand-Saconnex near Geneva (SUI) 14 – 18 April
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Marcus Ehning | Noltes Küchengirl, Plot Blue | 6 | |
2 | Ludger Beerbaum | Gotha | 7 | |
2 | Pius Schwizer | Ulysse, Carlina | 7 | |
4 | Luciana Diniz | Winningmood | 9 | |
4 | Dermott Lennon | Hallmark Elite | 10 |
2011[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Leipzig (GER) 27 April – 1 May
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Christian Ahlmann | Taloubet Z | 4 | |
2 | Eric Lamaze | Hickstead | 10 | |
3 | Jeroen Dubbeldam | Simon | 11 | |
4 | Marco Kutscher | Cash | 12 | |
4 | Beezie Madden | Danny Boy and Coral Reef Via Volo | 12 |
2012[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Hertogenbosch (NLD) 19 April – 22 April
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rich Fellers | Flexible | 1, 0 +25.97 secs | |
2 | Steve Guerdat | Nino des Buissonnets | 1, 0 +26.61 secs | |
3 | Pius Schwizer | Ulysse, Carlina | 5 | |
4 | Philipp Weishaupt | Souvenir, Monte Bellini | 10 | |
4 | Kevin Staut | Silvana | 11 |
2013[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE) 24 April – 28 April, course designer Uliano Vezzani (ITA).
Final Standings[7][edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Beezie Madden | Simon | 9, 0 +41.66 secs | |
2 | Steve Guerdat | Nino des Buissonnets | 9, 8 +30.33 secs | |
3 | Kevin Staut | Silvana HDC | 10 | |
4 | Sergio Alvarez Moya | Carlo 273 | 12 | |
5 | McLain Ward | Super Trooper de Ness[8] | 13 |
2014[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Lyon (FRA) 17 April – 24 April, course designer Frank Rothenberger (GER).
Final Standings[9][edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Daniel Deusser | Cornet d'Amour | 2 | |
2 | Ludger Beerbaum | Chaman & Chiara 222 | 4 | |
3 | Scott Brash | Ursula XII | 5 | |
4 | Marcus Ehning | Cornado I NRW | 6 | |
5 | Steve Guerdat | Nino des Buissonnets | 8 |
2015[edit]
World Cup Finals
Las Vegas (USA) 16 April – 19 April, course designer Anthony d'Ambrosio (USA).
Final Standings[10][edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | Time | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Steve Guerdat | Albfuehren's Paille | 8 | ||
2 | Pénélope Leprevost | Vagabond de la Pomme | 9 | 65.30 | |
3 | Bertram Allen | Molly Malone V | 9 | 65.87 | |
4 | Beezie Madden | Simon | 10 | 65.78 | |
5 | Jos Verlooy | Domino | 10 | 67.34 |
2016[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Gothenburg (SWE) 23 March – 28 March, course designer Santiago Varela (ESP).
Final Standings[11][edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | Time | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Steve Guerdat | Corbinian | 0 | ||
2 | Harrie Smolders | Emerald N.O.P. | 3 | 65.45 | |
3 | Daniel Deusser | Cornet d’Amour | 3 | 66.17 | |
4 | Marcus Ehning | Cornado NRW | 6 | 66.67 | |
5 | Denis Lynch | All Star 5 | 8 | 65.38 |
2017[edit]
2016 - 2017 FEI World Cup Jumping Series
World Cup Finals[edit]
Omaha (USA) 30 March – 2 April, course designer Alan Wade (IRL).
Final Standings[12][edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | McLain Ward | HH Azur | 0 | |
2 | Romain Duguet | Twentytwo des Biches | 4 | |
3 | Henrik von Eckermann | Mary Lou | 8 | |
4 | Martin Fuchs | Clooney | 9 | |
4 | Sergio Alvarez Moya | Arrayan | 9 |
2018[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Paris (FRA) 10 April – 15 April, course designer Santiago Varela (ESP).
Final Standings[13][edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Beezie Madden | Breitling LS | 4 | |
2 | Devin Ryan | Eddie Blue | 6 | |
3 | Henrik von Eckermann | Toveks Mary Lou | 8 | |
4 | McLain Ward | HH Azur | 16 | |
4 | Olivier Philippaerts | H&M Legend of Love | 16 |
2019[edit]
World Cup Finals
Gothenburg (SWE) 3 April - 7 April, 2019
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Steve Guerdat | Alamo | 2 | |
2 | Martin Fuchs | Clooney 51 | 3 | |
3 | Peder Fredricson | Catch Me Not S | 5 | |
4 | Daniel Deusser | Scuderia 1918 Tobago Z | 6 | |
5 | Niels Bruynseels | Delux van T & L | 11 |
2020[edit]
World Cup Finals
Las Vegas (USA) 15 April - 19 April
- Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic[14]
2021[edit]
World Cup Finals
2021 Gothenburg (SWE) 31 March - 4 April
- Cancelled due to an outbreak of Equid alphaherpesvirus 1[15]
2022[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Leipzig (GER) 6 April - 10 April[16]
Final Standings[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | Time | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Martin Fuchs | Chaplin, The Sinner[17] | 5 | 60.83 | |
2 | Harrie Smolders | Monaco | 8 | 61.99 | |
3 | Jens Fredricson | Markan Cosmopolit | 8 | 62.35 | |
4 | Harry Charles | Stardust | 9 | 60.53 | |
5 | Jack Whitaker | Equine America Valmy De La Lande | 9 | 62.12 |
2023[edit]
World Cup Finals[18][edit]
Omaha, Nebraska (USA) April 4-8, 2023.
Longines FEI World Cup Final III Results[edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Dennis Lynch | Brooklyn Heights | 0 | |
2 | Kevin Staut | Visconti Du Telman | 4 | |
2 | Martin Fuchs | Leone Jei | 4 | |
2 | Harrie Smoulders | Monaco N.o.p. | 4 | |
2 | Henrik Von Eckermann | King Edward | 4 |
Overall Classification Standings[19][edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Henrik Von Eckermann | King Edward | |
2 | Harrie Smolders | Monaco N.o.p. | |
3 | Hunter Holloway | Pepita Con Spita | |
4 | Yuri Mansur | Vitiki | |
5 | Andreas Schou | Darc De Lux |
2024[edit]
World Cup Finals[edit]
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, April 16 - 20, 2024.
Longines FEI Jumping World Cup™ Final Standings[20][21][edit]
Rider | Nation | Horse/Horses | Penalties (Total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Henrik Von Eckermann | King Edward | 0 | |
2 | Julien Epaillard | Dubai du Cedre | 4 | |
3 | Peder Fredricson | Catch Me Not S | 6 | |
4 | Kent Farrington | Greya | 10 | |
5 | Hans-Dieter Dreher | Elysium | 15 |
References[edit]
- ^ Official FEI World Cup statistics to 2005 .pdf[dead link]
- ^ a b "Markus Ehning: second victory this time in Malaysia". Archived from the original on August 24, 2007.
- ^ Rolex FEI World Cup Final Archived 2012-04-03 at the Wayback Machine, www.rolex.com
- ^ www.worldcuplasvegas.com
- ^ 1979 – 2007 FEI World Cup results from Swedish Equestrian Federation Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 2008 Rolex FEI World Cup results from Fédération Équestre Internationale
- ^ 2013 Rolex FEI World Cup Final results
- ^ "Super Trooper De Ness (NED40997)". FEI.org. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
- ^ 2014 Longines FEI World Cup Jumping Final – Overall classification Archived 24 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 2015 Longines FEI World Cup Jumping Final – Overall classification Archived 22 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 2016 Longines FEI World Cup Jumping Final – Overall classification Archived 16 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 2017 Longines FEI World Cup Jumping Final – Overall classification Archived 4 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "2018 Longines FEI World Cup Jumping Final – OVERALL RANKING" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 April 2018.
- ^ "FEI World Cup Finals 2020 in Las Vegas cancelled due to Coronavirus". International Federation for Equestrian Sports. 13 March 2020. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ "FEI extends shutdown of international events in mainland Europe due to EHV-1 outbreak". International Federation for Equestrian Sports. 12 March 2021. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ "Longines FEI Jumping World Cup Final 2022 - Final Result" (PDF). International Federation for Equestrian Sports. 10 April 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ "Fantastic Fuchs Takes the Title". FEI.org. 2022-04-10. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
- ^ "Jumping". Omaha 2023. 2023-04-05. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
- ^ "Jumping". Omaha 2023. 2023-04-05. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
- ^ "Sweden's von Eckermann and the King do it all over again". Riyadh 2024. 2024-04-20. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
- ^ "Longines Timing". www.longinestiming.com. Retrieved 2024-05-14.