Sud-Est Grognard

Sud-Est Grognard
SE.2410 Grognard I
Role	Ground-attack aircraft Type of aircraft
National origin	France
Manufacturer	Sud-Est
First flight	30 April 1950
Retired	1952
Number built	2

The SNCASE Grognard was designed as a single-seat, low-level ground-attack aircraft. Although in development in the 1950s for the French Armée de l'Air, the program was cancelled in favor of the Sud-Ouest Vautour II.^[1]

An Armée de l'Air specification for a ground-attack aircraft drawn up in 1948 was intended to spur the French aviation industry to produce a jet-powered design. Sud-Est entered the competition with a development of the earlier SE.2400 attack aircraft, after testing a model in the ONERA (Chalais-Meudon) wind tunnel. The design featured an unusual 47˚ swept wing design along with two stacked Nene jet engines fed by a single dorsal inlet in a compact, bulbous fuselage.^[2] The cockpit was awkwardly situated at the extreme end of the nose; the whole arrangement soon acquiring the derisive nickname: "Hunchback".^[1]

The official name SE.2410 Grognard (French: Grumbler) was derived from the nickname for a soldier of Napoleon's Old Guard. Problems encountered in test flights led to a number of modifications to the tail unit and ailerons.^[3] Development continued with Sud-Est building two prototypes with a further refinement that led to the SE.2415, identified as the Grognard II, a two-seat development that included a stretched fuselage incorporating a raised cockpit with a bubble canopy and reduced 32˚ wing sweep back.^[4] Following initial testing, two boundary layer fences were installed on the outer wings of the SE.2415; underwing spoilers were also tested.

Although neither prototype was initially armed, the planned armament array included two DEFA 30mm cannon as well as bombs and rockets.^[5]

The first flight of Sud-Est SE.2410 Grognard I (F-ZWRJ) took place on 30 April 1950, while the second prototype (F-ZWRK) flew on 14 February 1951 but suffered from tailplane flutter.^[6][3] Both prototypes underwent many weapons tests, notably becoming the first French aircraft to fire an air-to-air missile (the Matra T-10). The Grognard II was heavily damaged in a belly landing after a false fire warning, although the airframe was salvaged and subsequently used as a target for firing tests.^[7] During the trials, the Armée de l'Air radically altered the specifications for fighter and bomber aircraft, virtually eliminating the attack category. This change jeopardized future development of the Grognard as the unpressurized airframe was not readily adaptable to other missions.^[7]

Although a dedicated "all-weather" fighter variant with a radar in the nose, the SE.2421 was planned, a definitive attack variant, the SE.2418 would have used two x 2, 850 kgp (6,2850 lb st) Rolls-Royce Tays with an anticipated performance that included a maximum speed of 1,086 km/h (675 mph) at sea level.^[4] The SE.2418, incorporating the wing of the Grognard I with the lengthened fuselage and other refinements from the Grognard II ^[7] was actually being readied for production when the program was shut down in 1952 with the Vautour multi-purpose fighter/bomber having proved to be a more promising design.^[1]

The SE.2410 was eventually retired and later scrapped by 1954.^[8]

SE.2410 Grognard I

Original specifications; one prototype.

SE.2415 Grognard II

Revised two-seat design with changes to wing, fuselage and cockpit; one prototype.

SE.2418 Grognard

Unbuilt production single-seat version with Rolls-Royce Tays replacing the Nene engines in the prototypes.

SE.2421 Grognard

Unbuilt design study for a two-seat all-weather fighter.

Data from The Aircraft of the World^[9]

General characteristics

• Crew: 1
• Length: 51 ft 6 in (15.4 m)
• Wingspan: 45 ft 6 in (13.57 m)
• Height: 17 ft 0 in (5.18 m)
• Wing area: 495 sq ft (150.87 m²)
• Max takeoff weight: 31,925 lb (14,481 kg)
• Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce Nene 101 turbojet, 4,940 lbf (21.97 kN) thrust each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 645 mph (1,038 km/h, 560 kn)
• Combat range: 530 mi (853 km, 460 nmi)
• Service ceiling: 38,050 ft (11,590 m)

Armament

• Guns: 2 × 30 mm (1.2 in) DEFA cannon (planned)
• Rockets: 16 x 65 kg (143 lb) 5 inch HVAR rockets or 200 x 4 kg (8.8 lb) 68mm rockets located in a retractable armament bay in the lower fuselage or 4 X Matra T-10 rockets carried underwing ^[7]
• Bombs: 4 x 250 kg (550 lb) or 2 x 340 kg (750 lb)^[7]

Related development

• Sud-Est SE.2400

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

• Blackburn Buccaneer
• English Electric Canberra
• Martin XB-51
• Sud-Ouest S.O.4000
• Sud-Ouest Vautour

• Buttler, Tony and Jean-Louis Delezenne. X-Planes of Europe: Secret Research Aircraft from the Golden Age 1946-1974. Manchester, UK: Hikoki Publications, 2012. ISBN 978-1-902-10921-3
• Carbonel, Jean-Christophe (2016). French Secret Projects. Vol. 1: Post War Fighters. Manchester, UK: Crecy Publishing. ISBN 978-1-91080-900-6.
• Cuny, Jean (1989). Les avions de combat français, 2: Chasse lourde, bombardement, assaut, exploration [French Combat Aircraft 2: Heavy Fighters, Bombers, Attack, Reconnaissance]. Docavia (in French). Vol. 30. Ed. Larivière. OCLC 36836833.
• Green, William, ed. "Facts by Request: Mighty Grumbler." Royal Air Force Flying Review, September 1968.
• Green, William and Gerald Pollinger. The Aircraft of the World. London: Macdonald, 1955.
• Jackson, Robert. Infamous Aircraft: Dangerous Designs and their Vices. Barnsley, Yorkshire, UK: Pen and Sword Aviation, 2005. ISBN 1-84415-172-7.
• Taylor, Michael J.H. Military Prototypes of the 1950s (Warbirds Illustrated No. 18). London: Arms and Armour Press, 1983. ISBN 0-85368-579-7.
• Winchester, Jim. "Sud-Est SE.2410 Grognard (1950)". X-Planes and Prototypes. London: Amber Books Ltd., 2005. ISBN 1-904687-40-7.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sud-Est Grognard.

• Sud-Est SE.2410 Grognard
• "New French Fighter Looks Like A Flying Turtle" , April 1953, Popular Science rare photo showing Grognard landing—at bottom of page 175