Susie Revels Cayton

Susie Revels Cayton
Born
Susan Sumner Revels

(1870-01-01)January 1, 1870
Mississippi, U.S.
DiedJuly 28, 1943(1943-07-28) (aged 73)
Alma materRust College
Occupation(s)Writer, activist
Political partyCommunist Party USA
SpouseHorace Cayton Sr.
Children5, including Horace Cayton Jr., Revels Cayton
FatherHiram Revels
RelativesIda Revels Redmond (sister),
Sidney Revels Redmond (nephew)

Susie Revels Cayton (January 1, 1870 – July 28, 1943) was an American writer, editor, activist, and leader in the African-American community in Seattle at the start of the 20th century.

Biography

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Early life

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Susie Sumner Revels was born in Mississippi on January 1, 1870, the same year her father, Hiram Revels, became the first African-American United States senator in US history.[1] Revels' middle name "Sumner" was a tribute to Charles Sumner,[2] Hiram Revels' friend, who was sworn in as the Massachusetts senator the year Susie was born.[3] Hiram Revels escorted Sumner at his swearing-in ceremony.

Beginning at age 16, Revels taught school.[4] In 1889, she began studying at Rust College, graduating with honors in 1893 with a degree in "nurse training,"[4] then teaching at the college for three years after graduation.[4][5][6][7] The Revels family connection to Rust College was strong: her father taught theology classes there, and her sisters Ida and Maggie were also alumnae.[7]

Journalism

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Revels met her future husband, Horace Cayton, in Mississippi around 1881, when she was eleven years old and Horace was courting her older sister Lillie.[8] After moving to Seattle, Cayton corresponded at length with Revels' father; Susie's increasingly long postscripts and Cayton's responses eventually amounted to a correspondence between Cayton and Susie herself.[8] After a period of long distance letter writing[5] she followed him to Seattle in 1896, living in separate lodgings until they could be married in July of the same year.[8] She had started writing for his Seattle-based newspaper, The Seattle Republican, before leaving Mississippi, and eventually became associate editor in 1900[9] and continued working at the paper until it folded in 1913.[5][10][11] Given that her husband sometimes traveled out of state, there were times when that associate editor role essentially meant putting out a newspaper.[12]

Revels and her husband were both light-skinned which, in the words of Richard S. Hobbs, "clearly played a role in the Caytons' early acceptance in Seattle."[13] However, as Seattle grew, it became a less hospitable place for African Americans. The Seattle Republican had never exactly been a "black paper," it had been a black-edited Republican paper. As race relations deteriorated, fewer white people wanted to read a black-edited paper, and the paper never quite crossed over into being the newspaper specifically of the Black community. This (and some unsuccessful real estate speculation) led to a general decline in the Cayton's fortunes after 1907 or so, with them selling their Capitol Hill house in 1909 (pushed out in part by increasing pressure for residential segregation) and shuttering The Seattle Republican in 1913.[14] Revels and her husband started another newspaper Cayton's Weekly, in 1916, which targeted the Black community in Seattle. The paper ran until 1920 when it was replaced by Cayton's Monthly which only ran for two issues.[11]

In addition to her journalistic writing, Revels wrote short stories which appeared in The Seattle Republican, Cayton's Weekly, and the Seattle Post-Intelligencer.[15]

Family seated on the porch for a photo
Members of the Cayton family pose for a portrait on the front porch of their Seattle home, c. 1904. From left: Ruth (blurred), Emma (Susie's niece), Susie holding baby Horace Jr., and Horace standing above Madge (seated).

Later life

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In 1919, at the age of 49, Susie Revels Cayton was forced to seek employment as a "domestic" as the family experienced economic hardships.[16]

In her sixties, she became politically active and joined the Communist Party, after being introduced to the organization by her son, Revels Cayton, and was considered "one of the state's most prominent African American radicals".[5] She joined the Communist Party in reaction to Depression-era Seattle, believing that only radical political change could address economic inequality.[16]

She became friends with activists Paul Robeson and Langston Hughes, and was admired by Richard Wright.[16] Langston Hughes dedicated a poem, Dear Mr. President, to her.[6]

Revels Cayton moved to Chicago in 1942, two years after her husband died, to be closer to her children. She continued advocating for progressive politics and communism to promote equality until she died in July 1943.[16]

Charitable work

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  • The Dorcas Club of Seattle, founding member and leader[11]
    • Founded by Revels Cayton in 1910,[17] the Dorcas Club of Seattle was a group of Black women dedicated to improving the social conditions of Seattle. This included finding homes for orphans and helping widows with living expenses.[18]
  • Skid Row Unemployed Council, Secretary[16]
  • Negro Workers Council, Vice President[16]

Children

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Susie Revels Cayton had five children with Horace Cayton Sr. They had two sons, activists Horace Cayton, Jr. and Revels Cayton. Their oldest daughter, Ruth.[19] Second daughter, Madge, who was one of the first African American women to graduate from the University of Washington and a social worker. And a third daughter, Lillie. They also adopted their granddaughter, Susan, after Ruth passed away in 1919, and raised her as their youngest child.[19][6][20]

Legacy

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The Caytons' Seattle home was designated a city landmark in 2021.

In 1992 the Cayton Scholarship was established to honor both Susie and Horace Cayton. This scholarship is available to minority students in Washington state pursuing a public relations career.[21][22]

In 1902 Revels Cayton and her husband had a house built in Seattle's prosperous Capitol Hill neighborhood. They lived there from 1903 to 1909.[23] In 2021 Seattle's Landmarks Preservation Board designated the house as a historic landmark.[24][25][26]

Published works

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  • The Part She Played, short story[27]
  • Licker, short story [11]
  • The Storm, short story[11]
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References

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  1. ^ Foner, Eric (1996). Freedom's lawmakers: a directory of Black officeholders during Reconstruction (Rev. ed.). Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-2082-8.
  2. ^ (Hobbs 2002, p. 6)
  3. ^ Mumford, Esther (1980). Seattle's Black Victorians 1852-1901. Ananse Press. pp. 86–95.
  4. ^ a b c (Hobbs 2002, p. 10)
  5. ^ a b c d Gordon Black; Daren Salter; James Gregory (eds.). "Communism in Washington State: Who's Who". University of Washington. Retrieved 2019-03-01.
  6. ^ a b c McClain, Tiffany (October 24, 2002). "Heritage House". Chicago Reader.
  7. ^ a b (Hobbs 2002, p. 8-10)
  8. ^ a b c (Hobbs 2002, p. 21)
  9. ^ (Hobbs 2002, p. 33)
  10. ^ "Susie Sumner Revels Cayton Biography". www.notablebiographies.com. Retrieved 2019-01-13. [dead link]
  11. ^ a b c d e Tricia Martineau Wagner (2007). African American women of the Old West (1st ed.). Guilford, Conn.: TwoDot, an imprint of The Globe Pequot Press. ISBN 978-0-7627-3900-4. OCLC 70230638.
  12. ^ (Hobbs 2002, p. 33-34)
  13. ^ (Hobbs 2002, p. 26)
  14. ^ (Hobbs 2002, p. 47-50)
  15. ^ "Susie Revels Cayton (1870-1943) • BlackPast". BlackPast. 2007-01-22. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Taylor, Quintard (1994). The forging of a black community: Seattle's Central District, from 1870 through the Civil Rights Era. University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-97315-3. OCLC 844198583.
  17. ^ "Asberry, Nettie Craig (1865-1968)". www.historylink.org. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
  18. ^ "Before EMTALA, There Were Black Women With Hidden Histories". On the Pulse. 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
  19. ^ a b "Knute Berger | Crosscut". crosscut.com. Retrieved 2021-02-16.
  20. ^ Schechter, Patricia (Summer 2003). "The Cayton Legacy: An African American Family by Richard S. Hobbs (Review)". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 104 (2): 279–281. doi:10.1353/ohq.2003.0008. S2CID 245850174.
  21. ^ "PRSA Puget Sound Chapter - Scholarships". prsapugetsound.org. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  22. ^ Hobbs, Richard S. (2002). The Cayton Legacy: An African American Family. Washington State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87422-251-7.
  23. ^ (Hobbs 2002, p. 40, 43)
  24. ^ "The Cayton-Revels House - A Newsworthy Landmark". Historic Seattle. 2021-03-31. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
  25. ^ Ebrahimi, Taha S. (2021). "Landmark Nomination Application: The Cayton Revels House" (PDF). City of Seattle.
  26. ^ Campanario, Gabriel (March 21, 2021). "The Cayton-Revels House on Capitol Hill stands on a solid foundation of commitment to preservation". The Seattle Times.
  27. ^ Michelle L. Goshorn. "Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project: Susie Revels Cayton: "The Part She Played"". University of Washington.
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