Swyer–James syndrome

Swyer–James syndrome
Other namesSwyer–James–Macleod's syndrome[1]
Swyer–James syndrome of the left (smaller) lung, virtual CT-bronchography
SpecialtyPulmonology
SymptomsOften no symptoms, sometimes shortness of breath on exertion, wheeze, reduced ability to exercise, cough, chest pain[2]
CausesChildhood bronchiolitis obliterans[2]
Diagnostic methodmedical imaging[2]
TreatmentBronchodilators[1]
FrequencyRare[2]

Swyer–James syndrome (SJS), also called Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome, is a disease of the lungs, characterized by a small lung or part of lung.[1] Typical symptoms are of recurrent respiratory tract infections, but some have no symptoms.[2]

As a result of childhood bronchiolitis obliterans, typically following adenovirus infection, there is a reduction in blood vessels and overextended alveoli, resulting in air trapping in one or part of one lung.[1]

It is rare.[2]

Signs and symptoms

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Often, there are no symptoms and the disease is detected when investigating another problem. Sometimes there is shortness of breath on exertion, wheeze, reduced ability to exercise, cough and chest pain.[2]

Cause and mechanism

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Swyer–James syndrome is a manifestation of postinfectious obliterative bronchiolitis.[2] In SJS, the involved lung or portion of the lung does not grow normally and is slightly smaller than the opposite lung.[3] The characteristic radiographic appearance is that of pulmonary hyperlucency, caused by overdistention of the alveoli in conjunction with diminished arterial flow.[4][5] and has been linked to adenovirus type 21, a type of adenovirus infection.[6]

Diagnosis

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In appearance Swyer–James normally leaves shadowing in a CT scan in the upper lobar regions of one or (rarely) both lungs. People with the illness operate in much the same way as patients with mild bronchiectasis. As a result, the illness can go undiagnosed for some time. With current pharmaceutical developments, the prognosis is good for sufferers of the illness to lead normal and healthy lives.[citation needed]

History

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It was found by English chest physician William Mathiseon MacLeod,[7] and (simultaneously) by physician Paul Robert Swyer and radiologist George James in the 1950s in Canada.[8][2]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Dalpiaz, Giorgia; Cancellieri, Alessandra (2017). Atlas of Diffuse Lung Diseases: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Springer. p. 248. ISBN 978-3-319-42750-8.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Behrendt, Anna; Lee, Yi (2022). "Swyer-James-MacLeod Syndrome". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32119329. Archived from the original on 2022-05-03. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
  3. ^ Wood, Beverly P (5 March 2019). "Swyer-James Syndrome Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography". www.emedicine.medscape.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  4. ^ Khalil KF, Saeed W (March 2008). "Swyer-James-MacLeod Syndrome". Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. 18 (3): 190–2. PMID 18460255.
  5. ^ Gopinath A, Strigun D, Banyopadhyay T (2005). "Swyer-James syndrome". Connecticut Medicine. 69 (6): 325–7. PMID 16184857.
  6. ^ Kliegman, Robert; Richard M Kliegman (2006). Nelson essentials of pediatrics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 978-0-8089-2325-1.
  7. ^ Macleod, W. M. (1954). "Abnormal transradiancy of one lung". Thorax. 9 (2): 147–153. doi:10.1136/thx.9.2.147. PMC 1019360. PMID 13179127.
  8. ^ Swyer, P. R.; James, G. C. W. (1953). "A Case of Unilateral Pulmonary Emphysema". Thorax. 8 (2): 133–136. doi:10.1136/thx.8.2.133. PMC 1019253. PMID 13077508.
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