Takyeh

In Iran, the word takyeh (Iranian Persian: تکیه, romanized: takye^[1]) is mostly used as a synonym of husayniyya (or hoseyniyeh in Iranian Persian; building where Shia Muslims gather to mourn the death of Husayn ibn Ali in the month of Muharram),^[2]^[3]^[4] although some takyehs also include a zaynabiyya (or zeynabiyeh, in honor of Husayn's sister Zaynab bint Ali)^[5] or an abbasiyya (or abbasiyeh, in honor of Husayn's paternal half-brother Abbas ibn Ali), like the Takyeh Moaven-ol-Molk.^[6] Many takyehs are found in Iran,^[7] where there are takyehs in almost every city.^{[citation needed]}

History

In Classical Persian, a takya in the religious sense was originally a place for Sufi gatherings; Sufis were called تکیه‌نشین takya-nishīn or تکیه‌دار takya-dār. Following the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, existing takyas became used as husayniyyas,^[8] and the majority of takyehs built in Iran since Iran's conversion have been built to be used as husayniyyas, like the Takyeh Dowlat built by Naser al-Din Shah Qajar. Tehran alone is said to have had up to 50 takyehs under the Qajar dynasty.^[3]

Architecture

Takyehs throughout Iran are usually designed with observable elements of Persian architecture.

Usage

Takyehs usually host ta'ziyeh performances.

Notable takyehs

Takyeh Dowlat in Tehran
Takyeh Mir Chakhmaq in Yazd
Takyeh Moaven-ol-Molk in Kermanshah
Takyeh Beyglarbeygi in Kermanshah

References

^ Hayyim, Sulayman (1934). "تکیه". New Persian-English Dictionary. Vol. 1. Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim. p. 469.
^ Juan Eduardo Campo (1 January 2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. pp. 318–. ISBN 978-1-4381-2696-8.
^ ^a ^b Chelkowski, Peter. "TAʿZIA". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
^ "تکیه در تهران". Retrieved 5 October 2015.
^ Encyclopedia of Islam. 2009. p. 320.
^ Zulfikar Hirji (2010). Diversity and Pluralism in Islam.
^ "The lucrative business of mourning in Iran". Retrieved 5 October 2015.
^ محمد صادق محمد الكرباسي (2019). معجم المشاريع الحسينيّة - الجزء الثالث: دائرة المعارف الحسينية (in Arabic). بناء الحسينية كان حديث العهد بإيران، وأما التكايا فكانت معروفة ومنتشرة في أنحاء إيران وكانت تقام فيها بعض الشعائر الحسينية أيضا قبل أن تنتقل إلى الحسينيات التي تخصصت بالشعائر الحسينية.