Vasant Shinde

For Indian actor, see Vasant Shinde (actor).
Vasant Shinde - Kolkata 2024-05-18

Vasant Shinde is an Indian archaeologist, who has done excavations at Rakhigarhi from 2011 to 2016.[web 1] He was the first author on the long-awaited 2019 paper "An Ancient Harappan Genome Lacks Ancestry from Steppe Pastoralists or Iranian Farmers,"[1] on DNA-research on a single skeleton from Rakhigarhi which shows that the people of the Indus Valley Civilisation had no steppe (Indo-Aryan) genetic ancestry, in line with the Indo-Aryan migration theory.[2][web 2][web 3][3] The day after the publication Shinde publicly endorsed the Out of India theory, contradicting the conclusions of this paper. [web 4][web 2][web 3]

Occupations

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  • Adjunct Professor at the National Institute of Advanced Studies, IIC Campus, Bangalore[web 5]
  • Director General, National Maritime Heritage Complex, Gandhinagar[web 5]
  • Director of the Rakhigarhi Research Project[web 6]
  • Former Professor and Vice-Chancellor at the Deccan College, Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Deemed University, Pune[web 5]

Excavations

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In the 1980s-1990s Shinde conducted excavations at the Tapti basin in Maharashtra.[4][note 1]

From 2011 to 2016 Shinde conducted excavations at the Indus Valley Civilisation site of Rakhigarhi.[web 1] According to Shinde, Rakhigarhi was larger than Mohenjo-daro,[web 7][web 8] and the IVC started in the Ghaggar basin, identified by him with the Sarasvati river,[5] and from there extended to the Indus river.[web 7]

Rakhigarhi DNA

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According to Avikunthak, Shinde was the first archaeologist who noticed the value of genetic research in the debate on the origins of Indo-Aryan culture in India.[6] Initially working together with Seoul National University College of Medicine,[7] Shinde was the main author on the long-awaited[web 8] 2019 paper "An Ancient Harappan Genome Lacks Ancestry from Steppe Pastoralists or Iranian Farmers,"[1][6] co-authored by David Reich, and wearing his "unmistakable stamp."[6] The paper concluded that the IVC-people lacked ancestry from Anatolia and the steppes,[8] in line with the Indo-Aryan migration theory, which argues that the Indo-Aryan Vedic people migrated into South Asia after the height of the Indus Valley Civilisation, in the period of ca. 1900-1500 BCE.[9][3][10][web 3]

Shinde et al. (2019) concluded that the genome of researched individual "fits as a mixture of people related to ancient Iranians (the largest component) and Southeast Asian hunter-gatherers." The Iranian component was unrelated to early Iranian farmers, "contradicting the hypothesis that the shared ancestry between early Iranians and South Asians reflects a large-scale spread of western Iranian farmers east," concluding that farming in India began "without being connected by movement of people."[11]

Shinde et al. (2019) states that the presence of Anatolian farmer-related ancestry in South Asians today "is consistent with [it] being entirely derived from Steppe pastoralists who carried it in mixed form and who spread into South Asia from 2000–1500 BCE (Narasimhan et al. 2019)."[2] The paper further states that "a natural route for Indo-European languages to have spread into South Asia is from Eastern Europe via Central Asia in the first half of the 2nd millennium BCE, a chain of transmission that did occur as has been documented in detail with ancient DNA."[1]

A press note was released by Shinde in September 2019, preceding a press conference at 6 September 2019 on the findings.[web 9] The press note stated that the research

completely sets aside the Aryan Migration/Invasion Theory [...] as hypothesized by Sir Mortimer Wheeler.

It also stated that the research

establishes the fact that the Vedic culture was developed by the indigenous people of South Asia. Our premise that the Harappans were the Vedic people thus has received strong corroborative scientific evidence based on ancient DNA studies.

Several media outlets followed Shinde's primer, and presented the study as a rebuttal of the established Indo-Aryan migration theory, confusing it with Mortimer Wheeler's outdated proposal, and ignoring the actual contents and conclusions of the study.[web 10]

At the press conference held at September 6, 2019 to explain the findings, Vasant Shinde and Niraj Rai publicly endorsed the Out of India theory, rejecting the idea that the Vedic people had migrated into South Asia at the time of the decline of the Harappan civilisation.[12][web 4][web 2][web 3] As Shinde stated, "the Vedic era that followed [the IVC] was a fully indigenous period with some external contact."[web 3]

According to journalist Hartosh Singh Bal, "the claim that the Harappans were the Vedic people "betrays the very research that underlies the two papers. To believe this, the authors would have to discredit their own papers."[web 3]

During 2020 Shinde further propagated his interpretation of the archaeogenetic data, craniofacial reconstruction of skeletal remains, and material archaeological remains that "the Harappans moved westward - propagating the "Out of India theory"- a return to the Hindutva claim of the Vedic Aryan, now invoking aDNA data as arsenal."[12]

Project advise

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In 2022 Shinde advised Ministry of Culture Secretary Govind Mohan on a project to study the genetic history of India's population.[web 6][web 11] Reported by The New Indian Times as a project "“trace the purity of races in India,”[web 6] the project drew criticism and condemnation.[web 12] In response, the Ministry of Culture issued a statement "refuting the report and said that it has no intention of conducting studies of racial purity in the country."[web 12] According to Shinde, his statement was "twisted and fabricated."[web 11] In an open letter, "[over] a 100 leading biologists, historians, anthropologists and intellectuals" protested against the plan, warning that the term "race" is a social construct with unwarranted implications.[web 11][web 13][web 14]

Works

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  • Early Settlements in the Central Tapi Basin
  • Chalcolithic South Asia: Aspects of Crafts and Technologies
  • Cultural Heritage of South Asia and Beyond Recent Perspective
  • Excavations at Gilund: The Artifacts and Other Studies
  • 2017. Ancient Indian Knowledge System : Archaeological Perspective
  • 2022. Bharatiya Knowledge Systems
  • 2023: New Perspectives on the Harappan Culture in Light of Recent Excavations at Rakhigarhi: 2011–2017, Volume 1: Bioarchaeological Research on the Rakhigarhi Necropolis (editor, together with Dong Hoon Shin), Archaeopress Publishing Ltd.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Blanton 2006, p. 22: "Special note must be made of the work of Vasant Shinde (1991, 1998)"

References

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  1. ^ a b c Shinde et al. (2019).
  2. ^ a b Shinde et al. (2019), p. 5.
  3. ^ a b Joseph (2019).
  4. ^ Blanton (2006), p. 22.
  5. ^ Danino (2010), p. 147.
  6. ^ a b c Avikunthak (2022), p. 50.
  7. ^ Norrie (2023), p. 44.
  8. ^ Shinde et al. (2019), p. 1, 4, 6.
  9. ^ Narasimhan et al. (2019).
  10. ^ Avikunthak (2022), p. 50-51.
  11. ^ Shinde et al. (2019), p. 1.
  12. ^ a b Avikunthak (2022), p. 51.

Sources

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Printed sources
  • Avikunthak, Ashish (2022). Bureaucratic Archaeology: State, Science, and Past in Postcolonial India. Cambridge University Press.
  • Blanton, Richard E. (2006). Settlement, Subsistence, and Social Complexity: Essays Honoring the Legacy of Jeffrey R. Parsons. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press.
  • Danino, Michel (2010). The Lost River: On the Trail of the Sarasvati. Penguin Books India.
  • Joseph, Tony (2019-09-13). "New reports clearly confirm 'Arya' migration into India". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2020-04-17.
  • Narasimhan, Vagheesh M.; Patterson, N.J.; Moorjani, Priya; Rohland, Nadin (2019), "The Formation of Human Populations in South and Central Asia", Science, 365 (6457): eaat7487, doi:10.1126/science.aat7487, PMC 6822619, PMID 31488661
  • Norrie, Philip Anthony (2023). An Alternative Medical Perspective on Ancient History: The Plague of Sumer. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Shinde, Vasant; Narasimhan, Vagheesh M.; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Mah, Matthew; Lipson, Mark; Nakatsuka, Nathan; Adamski, Nicole; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Ferry, Matthew; Lawson, Ann Marie (2019-10-17). "An Ancient Harappan Genome Lacks Ancestry from Steppe Pastoralists or Iranian Farmers". Cell. 179 (3): 729–735.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.048. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 6800651. PMID 31495572.
Web-sources
  1. ^ a b Dhiman, Kuldip (3 July 2016). "Engulfed in the labyrinths of time". The Tribune.
  2. ^ a b c C.P. Rajendran (2019), Scientists Part of Studies Supporting Aryan Migration Endorse Party Line Instead, The Wire, 13 september 2019
  3. ^ a b c d e f Bal, Hartosh Singh. "What media reporting on ancient DNA results says about our times". The Caravan. Retrieved 2019-12-07.
  4. ^ a b Siddhartha Mishra (2019), The Press Conference On Rakhigarhi Findings Throws Up More Questions Than Answers, Outlook India
  5. ^ a b c Bhishma School of Indian Knowledge System, Prof. Dr. Vasant Shinde
  6. ^ a b c Chandan Nandy (2011), Culture ministry to study ‘racial purity’ of Indians, The New Indian Express
  7. ^ a b T.S. Subramanian (March 27, 2014), Rakhigarhi, the biggest Harappan site. Bigger than Mohenjo-daro, claims expert
  8. ^ a b Jason Burke (30 Dec 2015), Rakhigarhi: Indian town could unlock mystery of Indus civilisation
  9. ^ [ http://chapter.intach.org/pdf/press-note-prof-vasant-shinde.pdf Press note]
  10. ^ Girish Shahane (Sept 14, 2019), Why Hindutva supporters love to hate the discredited Aryan Invasion Theory, Scroll India
  11. ^ a b c Jacob Koshy (June 10, 2022), Scientists condemn project to study ‘racial purity’ of Indian population, The Hindu]
  12. ^ a b C.P. Rajendran (2 june 20062022), It’s About Celebrating Our Genetic Diversity, Not ‘Racial Purity’
  13. ^ 122 scientists, academics criticise project to reportedly study ‘racial purity’ of Indians, scroll.in
  14. ^ Letter to Ministry: Publicly Disavow Plans To Revive Racial Stereotyping in India, The Wire
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