Cochin Portuguese Creole

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Cochin Indo-Portuguese, also known as Vypin Indo-Portuguese from its geographic centre, is an Indo-Portuguese creole spoken on the Malabar coast of India, particularly in Fort Cochin, in the state of Kerala. The last person who spoke it as a first language, William Rozario, died in 2010. It is now spoken by Christian families in an around Vypeen Island (Vypin Island) and other areas of the Kochi metropolitan area.

Cochin Indo-Portuguese, known locally as "Portuguese" or "Cochin Portuguese", formed from contact between Portuguese, Malayalam and other languages spoken in old Cochin.^[1] Cochin Portuguese was one of the first contact languages to spring up from European contact in Asia, and it became the mother tongue of part of the local Catholic community in the 15th to 19th centuries. It emerged from Catholic Indo-Portuguese households in Malabar, and it became sufficiently established that it continued under Dutch occupation in the 17th century. Speakers started shifting away from the language around the turn of the 19th century. The last native speaker, William Rozario, died on 20 August 2010 in Vypeen.^[1] Some in Cochin still understand it to a degree.

Both Portuguese and Malayalam have had significant influences in Malabar Indo-Portuguese. The verb tæ, for example, borrows its semantic context from other Portuguese verbs, namely from the verbs ter (have) and estar (be). Conversely, the verb's morphosyntactic and semantic constructions were influenced greatly by Malayalam.^[2]