What Maisie Knew
 First edition (UK) | |
| Author | Henry James |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Genre | Novel |
| Publisher | William Heinemann, London Herbert S. Stone, Chicago |
Publication date | 17 September 1897 (Heinemann) 16 October 1897 (Stone) |
| Publication place | United Kingdom United States |
| Media type | Print (Serialized) |
| Pages | 304 pp (Heinemann) 470 pp (Stone) |
What Maisie Knew is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Chap-Book and (revised and abridged) in the New Review in 1897 and then as a book later that year. It tells the story of the sensitive daughter of divorced, irresponsible and narcissistic parents. The book follows the title character from earliest childhood to precocious maturity.
Plot summary
[edit]When Beale and Ida Farange divorce, the court decrees that their only child, the very young Maisie, will shuttle back and forth between them, spending six months of the year with each. The parents are immoral and frivolous, and they use Maisie to intensify their hatred of each other. Beale Farange marries Miss Overmore, Maisie's pretty governess, while Ida marries the likeable but weak Sir Claude. Maisie gets a new governess: the frumpy, somewhat ridiculous, but devoted Mrs. Wix.
Both Ida and Beale soon cheat on their spouses; in turn, Sir Claude and the new Mrs. Farange begin an affair with each other. Maisie's parents abandon her and she becomes largely the responsibility of Sir Claude. Eventually, Maisie must decide if she wants to remain with Sir Claude and Mrs. Farange. In the book's long final section, set in France, the older (probably teenaged) Maisie struggles to choose between them and Mrs. Wix, and concludes that her new parents' relationship will likely end as her biological parents' did. She leaves them and goes to stay with Mrs. Wix, her most reliable adult guardian.
Literary significance and criticism
[edit]What Maisie Knew has attained a fairly strong critical position in the Jamesian canon. Edmund Wilson was one of many critics who admired both the book's technical proficiency and its judgment of a negligent and damaged society. When Wilson recommended What Maisie Knew to Vladimir Nabokov, the author of Lolita, Nabokov said he thought the book was terrible.[1][2] F. R. Leavis, on the other hand, declared the book to be "perfection".[3] The psychoanalytic critic Neil Hertz has argued for a parallel between James' narrative voice and the problem of transference in Freud's Dora case.[4]
An eponymous film adaptation was released in 2012, directed by Scott McGehee and David Siegel, and starring Julianne Moore, Alexander Skarsgård, and Onata Aprile.[5] It is based largely on James' plot, with some alterations. The film is set in present-day New York City, and the professions of Maisie's parents are changed. Unlike in the book, Maisie's step parents are highly dependable and love her and each other deeply. Maisie finds a happy life with them, and the character of Mrs. Wix is virtually eliminated.
Themes
[edit]A major theme of the novel is that of childhood innocence. Despite the dissolute and morally corrupt nature of her parents, the eponymous Maisie Farange retains an innocent perception of respect and love; she is an incorruptible figure in a corrupt world. The adults around her are presented as casually cruel and sadistic, but Maisie is nevertheless able to extract proper moral lessons from them. The title's reference to "What Maisie Knew" refers to a performative creation of a pure world distinct from her unpleasant surroundings; in the end, Maisie's innocence triumphs over the depravity of those around her.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ Court, Elsa (Fall 2016). "Strong Memories: Henry James, Vladimir Nabokov, and Autobiography". Americana: e-journal of American Studies in Hungary. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
- ^ Flower, Dean (1985). "Nabokov's Personae". Hudson Review. 38 (Spring 1985): 151. doi:10.2307/3851004. JSTOR 3851004.
- ^ Leavis, F. R. (June 1950). "James's What Maisie Knew". Scrutiny. Vol. 17, no. 2. pp. 115–127.
- ^ Hertz, Neil (1985). "Dora's secrets, Freud's Techniques". In Bernheimer, Charles; Kahane, Claire (eds.). In Dora's Case: Freud- Hysteria—Feminism. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 221–42. ISBN 0-231-07221-X.
- ^ French, Philip (25 August 2013). "What Maisie Knew – review". The Observer. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
- ^ Coveney, Peter (1967). "Innocence in Henry James". The Image of Childhood. London: Peregrine Books. pp. 194–215.
Bibliography
[edit]- Cargill, Oscar (1961). The Novels of Henry James. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-842540-5.
- Jeffers, Thomas L. (2005). Apprenticeships: The Bildungsroman from Goethe to Santayana. New York: Palgrave. pp. 89–118. ISBN 1-4039-6607-9.
- Wagenknecht, Edward (1983). The Novels of Henry James. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. ISBN 0-8044-2959-6.
External links
[edit]
- James, Henry (1908). What Maisie Knew (New York Edition, including the author's preface ed.) – via State University of New York at New Paltz.
- What Maisie Knew at Project Gutenberg
What Maisie Knew public domain audiobook at LibriVox- "Notes on the various texts of What Maisie Knew". Library of America.
