Wingletang Down (St Agnes)

Wingletang Down, St Agnes
Site of Special Scientific Interest
	Wingletang Down, looking south
	Location within Isles of Scilly
Grid reference	SV883076
Coordinates	49°53′17″N 6°20′28″W / 49.888°N 6.341°W
Interest	Biological
Area	28.9 hectares (0.2890 km2; 0.1116 sq mi)
Notification	1971
	Natural England website

Wingletang Down is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) on the southern side of the island of St Agnes in the Isles of Scilly, England, UK, which is noted for its biological characteristics. All of the land designated as Wingletang Down SSSI is owned by the Duchy of Cornwall.^[1] The site is managed by the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust and is within the Isles of Scilly Heritage Coast and the Isles of Scilly Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It is the only site in Great Britain and Ireland for the small fern, least adder's–tongue (Ophioglossum lusitanicum).^[2] As of 11 September 2009 the SSSI was considered to be in ″unconditional recovering″ condition because European gorse (Ulex europaeus) and bramble (Rubus fruticosus) are at unacceptable levels.^[3]

History

Forty–three Bronze Age cairns have been recorded, some of which have granite kerbstones and others are linked by hedge walls. A cairn usually indicates a burial site.^[4]

On the west side of St Warna's Cove is a stone–lined well that is reputed to be of great antiquity, and close to where the saint is supposed to have come ashore in a coracle after a journey from Ireland. The name Warna is unknown anywhere else as a Celtic saint, and may be the name of a Celtic water goddess. In the past pins were dropped into the well as an offering to encourage storms to drive ships ashore. Wrecks were a vital resource for coastal communities. Ceramic beads from the 17th-century wreck of a Venetian ship can be found on the beach at Beady Pool on Wingletang Bay.^[5]^[6]

Geology

The underlying rock is Hercynian granite covered by thin, skeletal and podzolic soils on the higher land where there are many weathered outcrops. At the southernmost tip is Horse Point which is almost separated from the rest of St Agnes by a narrow neck of blown sand between two bays; Wingletang Bay and Porth Askin. Along the coast to the west towards St Warna Cove are boulder beaches.^[5]

Wildlife and ecology

Wingletang Down is 71 acres (28.9 ha) of maritime heath, dune grassland and scrub reaching a maximum height of 66 feet (20 m) above sea level and is considered by Plantlife to be an Important Plant Area.^[7] Due to exposure to salt–laden winds, wind-pruned or "waved" maritime heath has developed on the low nutrient, shallow soils on the higher land, whilst to the south on the deeper sandy soils close to sea–level dune grassland grows. At the southern promontory of Horse Point there is short maritime grass and a tumble of large granite boulders where shallow temporary brackish pools occur. Sea milkwort (Glaux maritima) is a rare plant in Scilly and grows here. Sand sedge (Carex arenaria) and sand couch (Elytrigia juncea) dominate the dune grassland between Wingletang Bay and Porth Askin whilst flowering plants include common storksbill (Erodium cicutarium), Portland spurge (Euphorbia portlandica) and hemlock water dropwort (Oenanthe crocata) which is unusual here as it usually grows in wet habitats. At Beady Pool, which is part of Wingletang Bay, sea kale (Crambe maritima) grows on the strandline along with yellow horned poppy (Glaucium flavum) and sea spurge (Euphorbia paralias). There is a colony of six–spot burnet (Zygaena filipendulae) here^[8] and in the past ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula) nested.^[2] The nationally scarce (but common on all the inhabited islands) early meadow grass (Poa infirma) grows in the short maritime grass west of Porth Askin.^[9]

The wind pruned maritime heath, on the higher part of the site is dominated by western gorse (Ulex gallii), heather (Calluna vulgaris) and bell heather (Erica cinerea). This heath is unique because all three Ophioglossum species found in the British Isles have been recorded within this small area.^[10]^[11]^{[citation needed]} The largest and easiest to find is adder's–tongue (Ophioglossum vulgatum) which is the commonest on the mainland but the rarest in Scilly and has not been seen in the Isles (on St Agnes) since 1990, or on Wingletang Down since 1938. The second which has been recorded on all the inhabited islands is small adders's–tongue (Ophioglossum azoricum), which is nationally scarce and found along the western coast of Britain and Ireland north to Orkney and Shetland; there is only one recent Cornish (unconfirmed) record from near Porthgwarra.^[9] The third is least adder's–tongue which, in Britain, is known only from this small area of St Agnes, where it was discovered in March 1950 by John Raven who found a colony of about one hundred fronds covering an area of one square metre.^[10] Botanists have since found other colonies all within the area of the downs. The probable reason for its late discovery is because the 0.79 inches (2 cm) fronds are found in the winter and turn yellow and disintegrate by early April which is before most botanists are in the area. Since the withdrawal of grazing by cattle and, due to Myxomatosis, the fall in the population of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), some of the colonies are in danger of being smothered by competitive vegetation such as bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), European gorse and bramble.^[5] Outside of the Isles of Scilly the nearest colony is in Guernsey where it was discovered in 1854.^[9]

References

^ "Mapping the habitats of England's ten largest institutional landowners". Who owns England?. 6 October 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Wingletang Down (St Agnes)" (PDF). Natural England. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
^ Webber, Julie. "Nature on the Map". Natural England. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
^ Thorgrim. "Wingletang Down – Cairn in England in Scilly Isles". The Megalithic Portal. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Parslow, Rosemary (2007). The Isles of Scilly. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-220151-3.
^ Reid, Neil (2016). Isles of Scilly Guidebook. Friendly Guides. ISBN 978-1-904645-34-4.
^ "Isles of Scilly". Plantlife. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
^ Hicks Michael; Hale John (1998). Lepidoptera of St Agnes, Isles of Scilly: a systematic list and analysis of the species recorded on St Agnes, 1992–1997. Privately published.
^ ^a ^b ^c CISFBR; Bennallick Ian; French Colin; Parslow Rosemary (2009). Vascular Plants, In Red Data Book for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly (2nd ed.). Praze-an-Beeble: Croceago Press. pp. 105–157. ISBN 978-1-901685-01-5.
^ ^a ^b Lousley, J E (1971). The Flora of the Isles of Scilly. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5465-5.
^ C. N. Page (1997). The Ferns of Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press. p. 260. ISBN 978-0-521-58658-0.

External links

[1] "Mapping the habitats of England's ten largest institutional landowners". Who owns England?. 6 October 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2024.

[SSSI-2] "Wingletang Down (St Agnes)" (PDF). Natural England. Retrieved 21 April 2012.

[3] Webber, Julie. "Nature on the Map". Natural England. Retrieved 21 April 2012.

[Portal-4] Thorgrim. "Wingletang Down – Cairn in England in Scilly Isles". The Megalithic Portal. Retrieved 21 April 2012.

[Parslow-5] Parslow, Rosemary (2007). The Isles of Scilly. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-220151-3.

[Guidebook-6] Reid, Neil (2016). Isles of Scilly Guidebook. Friendly Guides. ISBN 978-1-904645-34-4.

[Plantlife-7] "Isles of Scilly". Plantlife. Retrieved 21 April 2012.

[8] Hicks Michael; Hale John (1998). Lepidoptera of St Agnes, Isles of Scilly: a systematic list and analysis of the species recorded on St Agnes, 1992–1997. Privately published.

[RDB-9] CISFBR; Bennallick Ian; French Colin; Parslow Rosemary (2009). Vascular Plants, In Red Data Book for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly (2nd ed.). Praze-an-Beeble: Croceago Press. pp. 105–157. ISBN 978-1-901685-01-5.

[Lousley-10] Lousley, J E (1971). The Flora of the Isles of Scilly. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5465-5.

[Page1997-11] C. N. Page (1997). The Ferns of Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press. p. 260. ISBN 978-0-521-58658-0.

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v t e Isles of Scilly
Inhabited islands	St Mary's St Agnes (and Gugh) Bryher Tresco St Martin's
Uninhabited islands	Annet Bishop Rock Crim Rocks Eastern Isles English Island Great Ganilly Gweal Norrard Rocks Pednathise Head Rosevear Round Island Samson St Helen's Teän Western Rocks White Island Zantman's Rock
Settlements	St Mary's: Hugh Town, Holy Vale, Longstone, Maypole, Normandy, Old Town, Pelistry, Porthloo, Rocky Hill, Telegraph and Trenoweth St Martin's: Higher Town, Middle Town and Lower Town St Agnes: Middle Town Tresco: New Grimsby and Old Grimsby
Symbols	Scillonian Cross
Topics	Environment History People Transport

v t e Biological Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly
Summary	Summarised data for all sites (biological and geological)
Cornwall	Aire Point to Carrick Du Amble Marshes Baulk Head to Mullion Bedruthan Steps and Park Head Boconnoc Park and Woods Bodmin Moor, North Borlasevath and Retallack Moor Boscastle to Widemouth Brendonmoor Breney Common Bude Coast Cabilla Manor Wood Caerthillian to Kennack Carnkief Pond Carrick Heaths Carricknath Point to Porthbean Beach Carrine Common & Penwethers Chyenhal Moor Cligga Head Coombe Mill Coverack to Porthoustock Crow's Nest Crowhill Valley Dozmary Pool Draynes Wood East Lizard Heathlands Eglarooze Cliff Gerrans Bay to Camels Cove Godrevy Head to St Agnes Goonhilly Downs Goss and Tregoss Moors Greenamoor Greenscoombe Wood, Luckett Grimscott Gwithian to Mexico Towans Hayle Estuary & Carrack Gladden Kelsey Head Kennack to Coverack Kernick and Ottery Meadows Loe Pool Loggans Moor Lower Bostraze and Leswidden Lower Fal & Helford Intertidal Lymsworthy Meadows Lynher Estuary Malpas Estuary Marazion Marsh Meddon Moor Meneage Coastal Section Merthen Wood Minster Church Mullion Cliff to Predannack Cliff Nance Wood Newlyn Downs Ottery Valley Park Wood Penhale Dunes Pentire Peninsula Phoenix United Mine Plymouth Sound Shores And Cliffs Polruan to Polperro Polyne Quarry Porthgwarra to Pordenack Point Rame Head & Whitsand Bay Red Moor Redlake Meadows & Hoggs Moor Retire Common River Camel Valley and Tributaries Rock Dunes Rosemullion Rosenannon Bog and Downs St Austell Clay Pits St John's Lake St Nectan's Glen Steeple Point to Marsland Mouth Swanpool Sylvia's Meadow Talland Barton Tamar–Tavy Estuary Tintagel Cliffs Treen Cliff Tregonetha & Belowda Downs Tregonning Hill Trehane Barton Trelow Downs Trevose Head and Constantine Bay Upper Fal Estuary and Woods Upper Fowey Valley Ventongimps Moor West Cornwall Bryophytes West Lizard
Isles of Scilly	Annet Big Pool and Browarth Point Castle Down (Tresco) Chapel Down Eastern Isles Great Pool Gugh Higher Moors and Porth Hellick Pool Lower Moors Norrard Rocks Peninnis Head Pentle Bay, Merrick And Round Islands Plains and Great Bay Pool Of Bryher & Popplestone Bank Rushy Bay and Heathy Hill Samson Shipman Head & Shipman Down St Helen's St Martin's Sedimentary Shore Teän Western Rocks White Island Wingletang Down
Neighbouring areas Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Devon Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Somerset