2013–14 Parma FC season

Parma
2013–14 season
PresidentTommaso Ghirardi
ManagerRoberto Donadoni
StadiumStadio Ennio Tardini
Serie A6th
Coppa ItaliaRound of 16
Top goalscorerLeague:
Antonio Cassano (12)

All:
Antonio Cassano (13)
Average home league attendance13,451[1]

The 2013–14 season was Parma Football Club's 23rd season in Serie A and their 5th consecutive season in the top-flight of Italian football, after having been promoted from Serie B in 2009–10. The club enjoyed one of their best seasons in recent years, finishing 6th.

Players

[edit]

Squad information

[edit]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Italy ITA Nicola Pavarini
2 DF Italy ITA Mattia Cassani (on loan from Fiorentina)
3 DF Italy ITA Cristian Molinaro
5 MF Uruguay URU Walter Gargano (on loan from Napoli)
6 DF Italy ITA Alessandro Lucarelli (captain)
7 FW France FRA Jonathan Biabiany
8 MF Italy ITA Daniele Galloppa
10 FW Italy ITA Nicola Pozzi
11 FW Italy ITA Amauri
16 MF Italy ITA Marco Parolo
17 FW Italy ITA Raffaele Palladino
18 DF Italy ITA Massimo Gobbi
19 DF Brazil BRA Felipe
No. Pos. Nation Player
21 FW Italy ITA Nicola Sansone
22 MF Serbia SRB Filip Janković
23 MF Italy ITA Ezequiel Schelotto (on loan from Inter)
26 MF Argentina ARG José Mauri
29 DF Italy ITA Gabriel Paletta
30 MF Ghana GHA Afriyie Acquah (on loan from Hoffenheim)
31 MF Italy ITA Luca Cigarini
32 MF Italy ITA Marco Marchionni
43 FW Italy ITA Alberto Paloschi
44 FW Italy ITA Alberto Cerri
83 GK Italy ITA Antonio Mirante
91 GK Slovakia SVK Pavol Bajza
99 FW Italy ITA Antonio Cassano

Competitions

[edit]

Serie A

[edit]

League table

[edit]
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
4 Fiorentina 38 19 8 11 65 44 +21 65 Qualification for the Europa League group stage[a]
5 Internazionale 38 15 15 8 62 39 +23 60 Qualification for the Europa League play-off round[a]
6 Parma 38 15 13 10 58 46 +12 58
7 Torino 38 15 12 11 58 48 +10 57[b] Qualification for the Europa League third qualifying round[c]
8 Milan 38 16 9 13 57 49 +8 57[b]
Source: Serie A, Soccerway
Rules for classification: 1st points; 2nd head-to-head points; 3rd head-to-head goal difference; 4th goal difference; 5th number of goals scored; 6th public draw.
(Head-to-head record is applied for clubs with the same number of points only once all matches between said clubs have been played)[2]
Notes:
  1. ^ a b Since the 2013–14 Coppa Italia champions Napoli and runners–up Fiorentina qualified for the 2014–15 European football season thus 4th, 5th and 6th in Serie A (barring any failure to receive a "UEFA licence" from the FIGC or a ban from European competition) would qualify for group stage, play-off round and third qualifying round respectively.
  2. ^ a b Torino finished ahead of Milan on goal difference : Torino 2-2 Milan, Milan 1-1 Torino; Torino = +10, Milan = +8.
  3. ^ The FIGC rejected the application of Parma for a UEFA license, because Parma had overdue tax debt; their place went to seventh-place Torino, which had a UEFA license.

Results summary

[edit]
Overall Home Away
Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts W D L GF GA GD W D L GF GA GD
38 15 13 10 58 46  +12 58 9 7 3 27 18  +9 6 6 7 31 28  +3

Last updated: 18 May 2014.
Source: Competitive matches

Results by round

[edit]
Round1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738
GroundHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAAHAHAHAHAHAAHAHAHAH
ResultDLLDWDWLWLLDWDDDDWWWWLDWDWWWDLLWDLLWDW
Position111616181314101381113119810118888788676665666669776
Updated to match(es) played on 18 May 2014. Source: Competitive matches
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

Matches

[edit]
25 August 2013 1 Parma 0–0 Chievo Parma
20:45 CEST (UTC+02:00) Marchionni Yellow card 54'
Cassani Yellow card 73'
Report Radovanović Yellow card 54'
Hetemaj Yellow card 77'
Sardo Yellow card 77'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 11,276
Referee: Nicola Rizzoli
1 September 2013 2 Udinese 3–1 Parma Udine
15:00 CEST (UTC+02:00) Badu 11'
Heurtaux 72'
Muriel 89' (pen.)
Report Cassani Yellow card 49'
Cassano 82', Yellow card 90'
Mendes Yellow card 87'
Lucarelli Yellow card 88'
Stadium: Stadio Friuli
Attendance: 9,750
Referee: Emilio Ostinelli
16 September 2013 3 Parma 1–3 Roma Parma
20:45 CEST (UTC+02:00) Biabiany 39'
Lucarelli Yellow card 41'
Cassano Yellow card 50'
Cassani Yellow card 84'
Gargano Yellow card 90+3'
Report Florenzi 47'
Totti 70'
Strootman 85' (pen.)
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 13,118
Referee: Marco Guida
22 September 2013 4 Catania 0–0 Parma Catania
15:00 CEST (UTC+02:00) Report Marchionni Yellow card 21'
Felipe Yellow card 53'
Cassani Yellow card 68'
Stadium: Stadio Angelo Massimino
Attendance: 13,125
Referee: Paolo Mazzoleni
25 September 2013 5 Parma 4–3 Atalanta Parma
20:45 CEST (UTC+02:00) Mesbah 19', Yellow card 22'
Parolo 28', 40'
Rosi 35'
Benalouane Yellow card 49'
Amauri Red card 52'
Marchionni Yellow card 56'
Report Bonaventura 20'
Denis 44'
Raimondi Yellow card 63'
Stendardo Yellow card 71'
Livaja 78'
Del Grosso Yellow card 78'
Yepes Yellow card 90'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 10,409
Referee: Andrea Gervasoni
30 September 2013 6 Fiorentina 2–2 Parma Florence
20:45 CEST (UTC+02:00) Aquilani Yellow card 27'
Gonzalo 64', Yellow card 69'
Pizarro Yellow card 65'
Vargas 78'
Report Marchionni Yellow card 20'
Lucarelli Yellow card 42'
Gargano 45+1'
Gobbi 90+2'
Stadium: Stadio Artemio Franchi
Attendance: 28,524
Referee: Davide Massa
6 October 2013 7 Parma 3–1 Sassuolo Parma
12:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) Palladino 32'
Rosi Yellow card 36', 70'
Mirante Red card 45+4'
Gargano Yellow card 45+6'
Cassano 76'
Acquah Yellow card 90+2'
Report Berardi Yellow card 35', 45+6' (pen.)
Kurtić Yellow card 66'
Magnanelli Yellow card 87' Yellow-red card 88'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 10,500
Referee: Andrea De Marco
20 October 2013 8 Hellas Verona 3–2 Parma Verona
15:00 CEST (UTC+02:00) Cacciatore 9'
Jorginho 61' (pen.), 88' (pen.)
Report Parolo 19', Yellow card 27'
Felipe Yellow card 23'
Cassano 25'
Rosi Yellow card 30'
Gobbi Yellow card 48'
Marchionni Yellow card 50'
Cassani Yellow card 60'
Acquah Yellow card 79'
Stadium: Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi
Attendance: 19,547
Referee: Maurizio Mariani
27 October 2013 9 Parma 3–2 Milan Parma
15:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Parolo 11', 90+4', Yellow card 78'
Cassano 45+1'
Lucarelli Yellow card 87'
Gargano Yellow card 90'
Report Balotelli Yellow card 34'
Matri 61'
Silvestre 63'
De Jong Yellow card 83'
Zapata Yellow card 90+4'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 16,686
Referee: Paolo Valeri
30 October 2013 10 Genoa 1–0 Parma Genoa
20:45 CET (UTC+01:00) Manfredini Yellow card 42'
Antonelli Yellow card 54'
Gilardino 57'
Antonini Yellow card 85'
Report Benalouane Yellow card 59'
Mesbah Yellow card 85'
Stadium: Stadio Luigi Ferraris
Attendance: 18,042
Referee: Carmine Russo
2 November 2013 11 Parma 0–1 Juventus Parma
18:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Mendes Yellow card 34'
Gobbi Yellow card 63'
Report Marchisio Yellow card 44'
Padoin Yellow card 50'
Giovinco Yellow card 53'
Pogba 77'
Llorente Yellow card 80'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 17,740
Referee: Domenico Celi
10 November 2013 12 Parma 1–1 Lazio Parma
15:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Lucarelli 64'
Parolo Yellow card 72'
Felipe Yellow card 80'
Rosi Red card 86'
Report Pereirinha Yellow card 28'
Keita 50'
Klose Yellow card 75'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 11,139
Referee: Nicola Rizzoli
23 November 2013 13 Napoli 0–1 Parma Naples
20:45 CET (UTC+01:00) Higuaín Yellow card 45'
Britos Yellow card 79'
Report Gargano Yellow card 70'
Benalouane Yellow card 74'
Cassano 81'
Stadium: Stadio San Paolo
Attendance: 36,400
Referee: Paolo Mazzoleni
30 November 2013 14 Parma 1–1 Bologna Parma
18:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Cassano 23', Yellow card 32'
Cassani Yellow card 28'
Paletta Yellow card 35'
Lucarelli Yellow card 46'
Marchionni Yellow card 57'
Gobbi Yellow card 89'
Report Kone 10'
Pérez Yellow card 32'
Sørensen Yellow card 33' Yellow-red card 53'
Garics Yellow card 84'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 11,973
Referee: Massimiliano Irrati
8 December 2013 15 Internazionale 3–3 Parma Milan
20:45 CET (UTC+01:00) Palacio 44', 54'
Ranocchia Yellow card 52'
Guarín 56'
Kovačić Yellow card 81'
Report Parolo Yellow card 9', 45+1'
Sansone 11', 59'
Stadium: San Siro
Attendance: 33,732
Referee: Paolo Valeri
15 December 2013 16 Parma 0–0 Cagliari Parma
15:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Cassano Yellow card 36'
Mendes Yellow card 54'
Valdés Yellow card 58'
Lucarelli Yellow card 66'
Report Nainggolan Yellow card 18'
Ekdal Yellow card 53'
Nenê Yellow card 62'
Rossettini Yellow card 66'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 12,713
Referee: Dino Tommasi
22 December 2013 17 Sampdoria 1–1 Parma Genoa
15:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Palombo Yellow card 14'
Éder 44'
Mustafi Yellow card 58'
Report Gobbi Yellow card 21'
Parolo Yellow card 22'
Sansone Yellow card 44'
Cassani Yellow card 48'
Lucarelli 66'
Stadium: Stadio Luigi Ferraris
Attendance: 20,822
Referee: Marco Di Bello
6 January 2014 18 Parma 3–1 Torino Parma
15:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Cassani Yellow card 14'
Marchionni 34'
Lucarelli 44'
Amauri 70'
Report Vives Yellow card 9'
Immobile 21'
Meggiorini Yellow card 63'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 12,367
Referee: Carmine Russo
11 January 2014 19 Livorno 0–3 Parma Livorno
18:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Mbaye Yellow card 50' Report Palladino 2'
Lucarelli Yellow card 31'
Amauri 86', 90+3' (pen.)
Stadium: Stadio Armando Picchi
Attendance: 9,039
Referee: Massimiliano Irrati
19 January 2014 20 Chievo 1–2 Parma Verona
15:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Paloschi 15'
Cesar Yellow card 40'
Sardo Yellow card 84'
Report Cassano 27'
Lucarelli Yellow card 35', 90+3'
Gargano Yellow card 51'
Amauri Yellow card 58'
Stadium: Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi
Attendance: 6,000
Referee: Daniele Orsato
26 January 2014 21 Parma 1–0 Udinese Parma
15:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Parolo Yellow card 7'
Felipe Yellow card 9'
Amauri 35'
Acquah Yellow card 78'
Report Badu Yellow card 11'
Allan Yellow card 45+1'
Pinzi Yellow card 90+2'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 10,917
Referee: Sebastiano Peruzzo
9 February 2014 22 Parma 0–0 Catania Parma
15:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Marchionni Yellow card 24'
Paletta Yellow card 90+3'
Report Bellusci Yellow card 21'
Peruzzi Yellow card 25'
Lodi Yellow card 69'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 10,609
Referee: Piero Giacomelli
16 February 2014 23 Atalanta 0–4 Parma Bergamo
15:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Benalouane Yellow card 76'
Carmona Yellow card 90+2'
Report Molinaro 9', Yellow card 28'
Acquah Yellow card 12'
Parolo Yellow card 52'
Benalouane 74' (o.g.)
Cassano 77'
Schelotto Yellow card 85', 90+3'
Stadium: Stadio Atleti Azzurri d'Italia
Attendance: 11,233
Referee: Dino Tommasi
24 February 2014 24 Parma 2–2 Fiorentina Parma
19:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Molinaro Yellow card 31'
Cassano 39'
Amauri 51' (pen.)
Gargano Yellow card 56'
Mirante Yellow card 78'
Paletta Yellow card 90+2'
Munari Red card 90+4'
Report Diakité Yellow card 26' Yellow-red card 54'
Cuadrado 41'
Tomović Yellow card 50'
Pizarro Yellow card 51'
Fernández 85'
Savić Yellow card 90+3'
Valero Red card 90+4'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 14,014
Referee: Andrea Gervasoni
2 March 2014 25 Sassuolo 0–1 Parma Reggio Emilia
15:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Zaza Yellow card 40'
Berardi Red card 72'
Gazzola Yellow card 82'
Report Parolo 1'
Lucarelli Yellow card 40'
Stadium: Mapei Stadium – Città del Tricolore
Attendance: 11,693
Referee: Paolo Tagliavento
9 March 2014 26 Parma 2–0 Hellas Verona Parma
15:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Biabiany 20'
Gobbi Yellow card 21'
Lucarelli Yellow card 57'
Paletta Yellow card 70'
Schelotto 90+2'
Report Cirigliano Yellow card 55'
Sala Yellow card 75'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 14,258
Referee: Andrea De Marco
16 March 2014 27 Milan 2–4 Parma Milan
15:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Abbiati Red card 5'
Bonera Yellow card 30'
Mexès Yellow card 39'
Rami 56', Yellow card 82'
Balotelli 76' (pen.)
Report Cassano 9' (pen.), 51'
Marchionni Yellow card 67'
Obi Yellow card 75'
Amauri 78'
Biabiany 90+5'
Stadium: San Siro
Attendance: 39,249
Referee: Domenico Celi
23 March 2014 28 Parma 1–1 Genoa Parma
12:30 CET (UTC+01:00) Schelotto 31'
Munari Yellow card 56'
Lucarelli Yellow card 85'
Report Cofie 21'
Konaté Yellow card 51'
Burdisso Yellow card 60'
De Maio Yellow card 67'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 12,441
Referee: Dino Tommasi
26 March 2014 29 Juventus 2–1 Parma Turin
20:45 CET (UTC+01:00) Tevez 25', 32', Yellow card 77'
Vidal Yellow card 45'
Asamoah Yellow card 45+1'
Report Obi Yellow card 11'
Molinaro 62'
Amauri Red card 65'
Cassani Yellow card 77'
Acquah Yellow card 85'
Stadium: Juventus Stadium
Attendance: 38,535
Referee: Luca Banti
30 March 2014 30 Lazio 3–2 Parma Rome
15:00 CEST (UTC+02:00) Lulić 15'
Cana Yellow card 35'
Onazi Yellow card 43'
Klose 67'
Candreva 90+3', Yellow card 90+3'
Report Biabiany 26'
Lucarelli Yellow card 47'
Felipe Yellow card 64'
Cassano Yellow card 66'
Ciani 81' (o.g.)
Stadium: Stadio Olimpico
Attendance: 26,531
Referee: Antonio Damato
2 April 2014 31 Roma 4–2 Parma Rome
18:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) Gervinho 12'
Totti 16'
Pjanić 49'
Taddei 82', Yellow card 83'
Report Acquah 15'
Mauri Yellow card 87'
Biabiany 90'
Stadium: Stadio Olimpico
Attendance: 41,265
Referee: Andrea De Marco
Note: Postponed from 2 February because of excessive rain.
6 April 2014 32 Parma 1–0 Napoli Parma
20:45 CEST (UTC+02:00) Cassani Yellow card 24'
Parolo 55', Yellow card 78'
Marchionni Yellow card 60'
Acquah Yellow card 63'
Mirante Yellow card 88'
Report Zapata Yellow card 76'
Albiol Yellow card 79'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 14,743
Referee: Mauro Bergonzi
13 April 2014 33 Bologna 1–1 Parma Bologna
12:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) Cherubin 44'
Pazienza Yellow card 78'
Morleo Yellow card 82'
Garics Yellow card 90+2'
Report Palladino 79'
Lucarelli Yellow card 85'
Stadium: Stadio Renato Dall'Ara
Attendance: 21,379
Referee: Daniele Doveri
19 April 2014 34 Parma 0–2 Internazionale Parma
15:00 CEST (UTC+02:00) Paletta Yellow card 20' Yellow-red card 46'
Lucarelli Yellow card 47'
Report Samuel Yellow card 6'
Rolando 48', Yellow card 79'
Hernanes Yellow card 85'
Guarín 89'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 16,289
Referee: Gianluca Rocchi
27 April 2014 35 Cagliari 1–0 Parma Cagliari
15:00 CEST (UTC+02:00) Pinilla 35' (pen.), Yellow card 87' Report Felipe Red card 53'
Gobbi Yellow card 62'
Cassani Yellow card 66'
Stadium: Stadio Sant'Elia
Attendance: 4,798
Referee: Andrea Gervasoni
4 May 2014 36 Parma 2–0 Sampdoria Parma
15:00 CEST (UTC+02:00) Cassano 8'
Molinaro Yellow card 39'
Paletta Yellow card 39'
Schelotto 90', Yellow card 90+1'
Report Okaka Yellow card 46' Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 17,614
Referee: Piero Giacomelli
11 May 2014 37 Torino 1–1 Parma Turin
15:00 CEST (UTC+02:00) Immobile 42', Yellow card 64' Yellow-red card 73'
Bovo Yellow card 50'
Glik Yellow card 70'
Report Parolo Yellow card 61'
Lucarelli Red card 64'
Biabiany 71'
Acquah Yellow card 89'
Stadium: Stadio Olimpico di Torino
Attendance: 25,559
Referee: Antonio Damato
18 May 2014 38 Parma 2–0 Livorno Parma
20:45 CEST (UTC+02:00) Amauri 62', 80' Report Ceccherini Yellow card 28'
Rinaudo Yellow card 63'
Emerson Yellow card 63'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 16,763
Referee: Andrea De Marco

Coppa Italia

[edit]
17 August 2013 Third round Parma 4–0 Lecce Parma
20:45 CEST (UTC+02:00) Amauri 21'
Cassano 53' (pen.)
Munari 81'
Palladino 85'
Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 3,949
Referee: Mauro Bergonzi
3 December 2013 Fourth round Parma 4–1 Varese Parma
21:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Valdés 5'
Munari 52'
Palladino 58'
Rosi 69'
Damonte 88' Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini
Attendance: 1,420
Referee: Claudio Gavillucci
14 January 2014 Round of 16 Lazio 2–1 Parma Rome
21:00 CET (UTC+01:00) Perea 25', 90+1' Biabiany 43' Stadium: Stadio Olimpico
Attendance: 6,667
Referee: Andrea Gervasoni

Statistics

[edit]

Appearances and goals

[edit]
No. Pos Nat Player Total Serie A Coppa Italia
Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Goalkeepers
1 GK Italy ITA Nicola Pavarini 0 0 0 0 0 0
83 GK Italy ITA Antonio Mirante 0 0 0 0 0 0
91 GK Slovakia SVK Pavol Bajza 0 0 0 0 0 0
Defenders
2 DF Italy ITA Mattia Cassani 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 DF Italy ITA Cristian Molinaro 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 DF Italy ITA Alessandro Lucarelli 0 0 0 0 0 0
18 DF Italy ITA Massimo Gobbi 0 0 0 0 0 0
19 DF Brazil BRA Felipe 0 0 0 0 0 0
29 DF Argentina ARG Gabriel Paletta 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 DF Colombia COL Jherson Vergara 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 DF Switzerland SUI Jonathan Rossini 0 0 0 0 0 0
Midfielders
5 MF Uruguay URU Walter Gargano 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 MF Italy ITA Daniele Galloppa 0 0 0 0 0 0
16 MF Italy ITA Marco Parolo 0 0 0 0 0 0
20 MF Nigeria NGA Joel Obi 0 0 0 0 0 0
23 MF Italy ITA Ezequiel Schelotto 0 0 0 0 0 0
24 MF Italy ITA Gianni Munari 0 0 0 0 0 0
30 MF Ghana GHA Afriyie Acquah 0 0 0 0 0 0
32 MF Italy ITA Marco Marchionni 0 0 0 0 0 0
Forwards
7 FW France FRA Jonathan Biabiany 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 FW Algeria ALG Ishak Belfodil 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 FW Italy ITA Nicola Pozzi 0 0 0 0 0 0
11 FW Italy ITA Amauri 0 0 0 0 0 0
17 FW Italy ITA Raffaele Palladino 0 0 0 0 0 0
99 FW Italy ITA Antonio Cassano 0 0 0 0 0 0
Players transferred out during the season
3 DF Algeria ALG Djamel Mesbah 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 MF Chile CHI Jaime Valdés 0 0 0 0 0 0
14 FW Italy ITA Stefano Okaka 0 0 0 0 0 0
21 FW Italy ITA Nicola Sansone 0 0 0 0 0 0
23 DF Portugal POR Pedro Mendes 0 0 0 0 0 0
28 DF Tunisia TUN Yohan Benalouane 0 0 0 0 0 0
87 DF Italy ITA Aleandro Rosi 0 0 0 0 0 0

Source: Competitions

Goalscorers

[edit]

Clean sheets

[edit]

Disciplinary record

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Statistiche Spettatori Serie A - Attendance Statistics Serie A".
  2. ^ "Deroga art. 51 NOIF_Classifica avulsa Serie A 2012-2013" (PDF). FIGC (in Italian). 19 July 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 January 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2013.