Ammonium azide
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name Ammonium azide | |
| Other names Ammonium trinitride | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.032.093 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
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| Properties | |
| [NH4]N3 | |
| Molar mass | 60.060 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless or white crystalline solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.3459 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K) |
| Boiling point | 400 °C (752 °F; 673 K) (decomposes) |
| Structure[1] | |
| Orthorhombic | |
| Pman | |
a = 8.930, b = 8.642, c = 3.800 | |
Formula units (Z) | 4 |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards | Very toxic, explosive |
| Related compounds | |
Other anions | |
Other cations | |
Related compounds | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Ammonium azide is the chemical compound with the formula [NH4]N3, being the salt of ammonia and hydrazoic acid. Like other inorganic azides, this colourless crystalline salt is a powerful explosive, although it has a remarkably low sensitivity. [NH4]N3 is physiologically active and inhalation of small amounts causes headaches and palpitations. It was first obtained by Theodor Curtius in 1890, along with other azides.
Structure[edit]
Ammonium azide is ionic, meaning it is a salt consisting of ammonium cations [NH4]+ and azide anions N−3, therefore its formula is [NH4]+[N3]−. It is a structural isomer of tetrazene. Ammonium azide contains about 93% nitrogen by mass.
References[edit]
- ^ Frevel, Ludo K. (1 January 1936). "The Crystal Structure of Ammonium Azide, NH4N3". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 94 (1–6): 197. doi:10.1524/zkri.1936.94.1.197. S2CID 100695095.
- Yakovleva, G. S.; Kurbangalina, R. Kh.; Stesik, L. N. (1977). "Detonation properties of ammonium azide". Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves. 13 (3): 405. doi:10.1007/BF00740326. S2CID 93777687.
- Salim de Amorim, Helio; do Amaral, M. R.; Pattison P.; Ludka I. P.; Mendes, J. C. (2002). "Ammonium azide: A Commented Example of an Ab Initio Structure (Re-)Determination From X-Ray Diffraction" (PDF). Revista de la Sociedad Química de Mexico. 45 (4): 313–319. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-04-06.
- Curtius, Th. (1890). "Ueber Stickstoffwasserstoffsäure (Azoimid) N3H". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 23 (2): 3023–3033. doi:10.1002/cber.189002302232.
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