Armenians in Myanmar
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 1,000 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Arakan, Tanintharyi | |
| Languages | |
| Armenian | |
| Religion | |
| Armenian Apostolic Church |
| Part of a series on |
| Armenians |
|---|
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| Armenian culture |
| By country or region |
Armenian diaspora |
| Subgroups |
| Religion |
| Languages and dialects |
| Armenian: Eastern (Zok) • Western (Homshetsi) Sign languages: Armenian Sign • Caucasian Sign Persian: Armeno-Tat Cuman: Armeno-Kipchak Armenian–Lom: Lomavren |
| Persecution |
The first Armenians in Burma were merchants who arrived in 1612, and settled in Syriam, where the first Armenian tombstone is dated 1725.
Frontier Myanmar reported the number of Armenians "a few hundred at most" in 2019.[1] According to Reverend John Felix, priest at the Armenian church in Yangon, the last full Armenian died in 2013, but there are "no more than 10 or 20 families who are part Armenian."[2]
History
[edit]Armenians were deported in large numbers to New Julfa, on the outskirts of Isfahan (Persia), early in the seventeenth century. Many continued on to South and Southeast Asia in the eighteenth century as conditions turned against them in Persia. By the 19th century they were chiefly in Burma, the Malay Peninsula (particularly Penang and Malacca), and Java. They emigrated further from around World War I, notably to Australia.
In Burma, major Armenian traders were employed as officials by the Burmese kings, especially in charge of customs and relations with foreigners. They survived the First Burmese War in 1826, when the British annexed Arakan and Tenasserim, but the British conquest of Lower Burma, the commercial heart of the country, in 1852, led to renewed accusations (from the British) that Armenian merchants were anti-British, and even pro-Russian. Nevertheless, the Armenians of Yangon built their church in 1862, on land presented to them by the King of Burma.
The 1871-1872 Census of British India said that there were 1,250 Armenians, chiefly in Kolkata, Dhaka and Yangon. The 1881 Census stated the figure to be 1,308; 737 in Bengal and 466 in Burma. By 1891, the total figure was 1,295. The 1901 Census of British India stated that there were 256 Armenians in Burma.
As of 2014 the only Armenian Apostolic Church still active was St. John the Baptist in Yangon.[3]
Notable Armenians of Burma
[edit]The Sarkies Brothers (four Armenian brothers who founded a chain of hotels throughout Southeast Asia) first opened the Eastern & Oriental Hotel in Penang in 1884 before expanding their business to the Raffles Hotel in Singapore and The Strand Hotel in Yangon in 1901.[citation needed] Another Burmese Armenian is Diana Abgar.
Ba Maw, Premier of British Burma in 1937–39 and dictator of the State of Burma in 1943–45, who was reportedly of partial Armenian descent.[4][5][6][7][8][9] Min wrote that it was a rumor, "strengthened by the fact that one Thaddeus, an Armenian, occasionally visited the two boys in school on behalf of the mother" and that he had a "complexion much fairer than that of most of the Anglo-Burman boys" at his school. "It seems, however, that both their parents were of pure Talaing blood."[10]
References
[edit]- ^ Downing, Jared (July 27, 2019). "The invisible bond: the Armenians of Myanmar". Frontier Myanmar. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023.
- ^ "The last Armenians of Myanmar". BBC News. 27 August 2014.
- ^ "The preacher refusing to give up the keys to a Yangon church". BBC News. 7 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ^ Pearn, B. R. (1945). "Burma Since the Invasion". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 93 (4686): 155–164. ISSN 0035-9114. JSTOR 41361895.
Dr. Ba Maw was an experienced politician. Of mixed Burmese and Armenian descent, and brought up as a Christian...
- ^ Tucker, Shelby (2001). Burma: Curse of Independence. Pluto Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780745315416.
Ba Maw (b. 1893), a Christian, widely believed to be part Armenian
- ^ Kratoska, Paul H., ed. (2013). Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire. Routledge. p. 35. ISBN 9781136125065.
Ba Maw, who was of mixed Burman and Armenian descent, was born in 1890.
- ^ Myint-U, Thant (2011). The River of Lost Footsteps. Faber & Faber. p. 229.
One of the newer faces was an up-and-coming barrister named Dr. Ba Maw. The son of one of Thibaw's courtiers, Ba Maw was rumored to be of part-Armenian ancestry.
- ^ Maung, Mya (1991). The Burma Road to Poverty. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 46.
Dr. Ba Maw was a Eurasian with Armenian blood ; 25 he was originally a Christian and later converted to Buddhism to woo the Burmese Buddhists for political support.
- ^ Ling, Trevor (1979). Buddhism, Imperialismand War: Burma and Thailand in modern history. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 101. ISBN 0-04-294105-9.
Not himself a Buddhist by upbringing (he was born in a Christian family with some Armenian connections and was educated in law at Cambridge and Bordeaux), his attitude to the Buddhist Sangha can best be described as opportunist.
- ^ Min, U. Kyaw (1945). The Burma We Love. Calcutta: India Book House. p. 8.
Further reading
[edit]- Margaret Sarkissian, 'Armenians in South-East Asia', (1987) 3 Crossroads, an Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 1-33.
- Roy, A and Lahiri-Roy, R. 'The Armenian Diaspora's Calcutta connection, (2017) 10, Diaspora studies,137-151.
- K. S. Papazian, Merchants from Ararat, a brief survey of Armenian trade through the ages, (New York: Ararat Press 1979)
- Denys Lombard and Jean Aubin, (eds), Asian merchants and businessmen in the Indian Ocean and the China Sea, (New Delhi: Oxford University Press 2000).
- Nadia H Wright, Respected citizens: The history of Armenians in Singapore and Malaysia, (Ammasia Publishing, 2003)
- Vahé Baladouni and Margaret Makepeace, (eds), Armenian Merchants of the Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries: English East India Company Sources, (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1998) 294 pp (the index at pages 281-283 lists about 100 Armenian merchants by name).
- Ilsa Sharp, There Is Only One Raffles, The Story of a Grand Hotel (Souvenir Press Ltd. 1981, ISBN 0 285 62383 4)
- Andrew Whitehead article for BBC News website August 2014 on Myanmar's last Armenians https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-28867884
- GE Harvey, History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 (1925) p 346.
See also
[edit] | ||
| Historic areas of Armenian settlement | ||
| Caucasus | ||
| Former Soviet Union | ||
| Americas | ||
| Europe | ||
| Middle East | ||
| Asia | ||
| Africa | ||
| Oceania | ||
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