Bart Kosko

Bart Andrew Kosko
Born(1960-02-07)February 7, 1960
Kansas City, Kansas
OccupationWriter and Professor of Electrical Engineering
Notable worksFuzzy Thinking
Nanotime
Noise

Bart Andrew Kosko (born February 7, 1960) is a writer and professor of electrical engineering and law at the University of Southern California (USC). He is a researcher and popularizer of fuzzy logic, neural networks, and noise, and the author of several trade books and textbooks on these and related subjects of machine intelligence. He was awarded the 2022 Donald O. Hebb Award for neural learning by the International Neural Network Society.[1][2]

Personal background

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Kosko holds bachelor's degrees in philosophy and in economics from USC (1982), a master's degree in applied mathematics from UC San Diego (1983), a PhD in electrical engineering from UC Irvine (1987) under Allen Stubberud,[3] and a J.D. from Concord Law School. He is an attorney licensed in California and federal court, and worked part-time as a law clerk for the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office.

Kosko is a political and religious skeptic. He is a contributing editor of the libertarian periodical Liberty, where he has published essays on "Palestinian vouchers".[4]

Writing

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Kosko's most popular book to date was the international best-seller Fuzzy Thinking, about man and machines thinking in shades of gray, and his most recent book was Noise. He has also published short fiction and the cyber-thriller novel Nanotime, about a possible World War III that takes place in two days of the year 2030. The novel's title coins the term "nanotime" to describe the time speed-up that occurs when fast computer chips, rather than slow brains, house minds.

Kosko has a minimalist prose style, not even using commas in his book Noise.[5]

Research

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Kosko's technical contributions have been in three main areas: fuzzy logic, neural networks, and noise.

In fuzzy logic, he introduced fuzzy cognitive maps,[6][7] fuzzy subsethood,[8] additive fuzzy systems,[9] fuzzy approximation theorems,[10] optimal fuzzy rules,[11] fuzzy associative memories, various neural-based adaptive fuzzy systems,[9] ratio measures of fuzziness,[8] the shape of fuzzy sets,[12] the conditional variance of fuzzy systems,[13] and the geometric view of (finite) fuzzy sets as points in hypercubes and its relationship to the ongoing debate of fuzziness versus probability.

In neural networks, Kosko introduced the unsupervised technique of differential Hebbian learning,[14] sometimes called the "differential synapse," and most famously the BAM or bidirectional associative memory[15] family of feedback neural architectures, with corresponding global stability theorems.[14]

In noise, Kosko introduced the concept of adaptive stochastic resonance,[16] using neural-like learning algorithms to find the optimal level of noise to add to many nonlinear systems to improve their performance. He proved many versions of the so-called "forbidden interval theorem," which guarantees that noise will benefit a system if the average level of noise does not fall in an interval of values.[17] He also showed that noise can speed up the convergence of Markov chains to equilibrium.[18]

Books

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Nonfiction
  • Noise. Viking Press. 2006. ISBN 0-670-03495-9.
  • Intelligent Signal Processing. IEEE Press. 2001. ISBN 0-7803-6010-9. (with coauthor Simon Haykin)
  • Heaven in a Chip: Fuzzy Visions of Society and Science in the Digital Age. Random House / Three Rivers Press. 2000. ISBN 0-609-80567-3.
  • The Fuzzy Future: From society and science to heaven in a chip. Harmony. 1999. ISBN 978-0-609-60446-5.
  • Fuzzy Engineering. Prentice Hall. 1996. ISBN 0-13-124991-6.
  • Fuzzy Thinking: The New Science of Fuzzy Logic. Hyperion. 1993. ISBN 0-7868-8021-X.
  • Neural Networks for Signal Processing. Prentice Hall. 1991. ISBN 0-13-617390-X.
  • Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems: A Dynamical Systems Approach to Machine Intelligence. Prentice Hall. 1991. ISBN 0-13-611435-0.
Fiction

References

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  1. ^ "INNS Award Recipients". www.inns.org. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
  2. ^ "Kosko receives Hebb Award from International Neural Network Society". www.usc.edu. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
  3. ^ Adam, John A. (February 1996). "Bart Kosko: This optimistic engineer seeks to give machines a higher IQ—both in his neural and fuzzy systems work and in his prolific science fiction". IEEE Spectrum. 33 (2): 58–62. doi:10.1109/6.482276. S2CID 1761292.
  4. ^ "Liberty Magazine – November 2003".
  5. ^ "Now Hear This!". Wired.
  6. ^ Kosko, Bart (January 1986). "Fuzzy cognitive maps". International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. 24 (1): 65–75. doi:10.1016/S0020-7373(86)80040-2.
  7. ^ Julie, Dickerson; Kosko, Bart (May 1994). "Virtual Worlds as Fuzzy Cognitive Maps". Presence: Teleoperators Virtual Environments. 3 (2): 173–189. doi:10.1162/pres.1994.3.2.173. S2CID 61432716.
  8. ^ a b Kosko, Bart (December 1986). "Fuzzy entropy and conditioning". Information Sciences. 40 (2): 165–174. doi:10.1016/0020-0255(86)90006-X.
  9. ^ a b Kosko, Bart (August 1998). "Global stability of generalized additive fuzzy systems". IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part C: Applications and Reviews. 28 (3): 441–452. doi:10.1109/5326.704584.
  10. ^ Kosko, Bart (November 1994). "Fuzzy systems as universal approximators". IEEE Transactions on Computers. 43 (11): 1329–1333. doi:10.1109/12.324566.
  11. ^ Kosko, Bart (1995). "Optimal fuzzy rules cover extrema". International Journal of Intelligent Systems. 10 (2): 249–255. doi:10.1002/int.4550100206. S2CID 205966636.
  12. ^ Mitaim, Sanya; Kosko, Bart (August 2001). "The shape of fuzzy sets in adaptive function approximation". IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems. 9 (4): 249–255. doi:10.1109/91.940974.
  13. ^ Lee, Ian; Kosko, Bart; Anderson, W. French (November 2005). "Modeling Gunshot Bruises in Soft Body Armor with an Adaptive Fuzzy System". IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part B: Cybernetics. 35 (6): 1374–1390. doi:10.1109/TSMCB.2005.855585. PMID 16366262. S2CID 1405236.
  14. ^ a b Kosko, Bart (March 1990). "Unsupervised learning in noise". IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks. 1 (1): 44–57. doi:10.1109/72.80204. PMID 18282822. S2CID 14223472.
  15. ^ Kosko, Bart (March 1988). "Bidirectional associative memories". IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. 18 (1): 49–60. doi:10.1109/21.87054.
  16. ^ Mitaim, Sanya; Kosko, Bart (November 1998). "Adaptive stochastic resonance". Proceedings of the IEEE. 86 (11): 2152–2183. doi:10.1109/5.726785.
  17. ^ Kosko, Bart; Mitaim, Sanya (July 2003). "Stochastic resonance in noisy threshold neurons". Neural Networks. 16 (5–6): 755–761. doi:10.1016/S0893-6080(03)00128-X. PMID 12850031.
  18. ^ Brandon, Franzke; Kosko, Bart (October 2011). "Noise can speed convergence in Markov chains". Physical Review E. 84 (4): 041112. Bibcode:2011PhRvE..84d1112F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.84.041112. PMID 22181092.
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