Corfe Castle (village)

Corfe Castle
Village and civil parish
Corfe Castle
Corfe Castle is located in Dorset
Corfe Castle
Corfe Castle
Location within Dorset
Area14.5 sq mi (38 km2)
Population1,355 (parish)
• Density93/sq mi (36/km2)
OS grid referenceSY957823
Civil parish
  • Corfe Castle
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townWAREHAM
Postcode districtBH20
Dialling code01929
PoliceDorset
FireDorset and Wiltshire
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Dorset
50°38′19″N 2°03′26″W / 50.6385°N 2.0573°W / 50.6385; -2.0573

Corfe Castle is a village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset. It is the site of a ruined castle of the same name. The village and castle stand over a gap in the Purbeck Hills on the route between Wareham and Swanage. The village lies in the gap below the castle and is around four miles (6.4 km) south-east of Wareham, and four miles (6.4 km) north-northwest of Swanage. Both the main A351 road from Lytchett Minster to Swanage and the Swanage Railway thread their way through the gap and the village.

The civil parish of Corfe Castle stretches across the width of the Isle of Purbeck, with coasts facing both the English Channel and Poole Harbour. It, therefore, includes sections of both the low-lying sandy heathland that lies to the north of the castle and the rugged Jurassic Coast upland to the south.

Toponymy

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The name "Corfe" is derived from the Old English word, ceorfan, meaning to cut or carve, referring to the gap in the Purbeck hills where Corfe Castle is situated.[1]

History

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Ordnance Survey map of Corfe Castle in 1856, showing the castle and village in the gap of the Purbeck Hills

Burial mounds around Corfe Common to the south of Corfe Castle suggest that the area was occupied from 6000 BC. The common also points to a later Celtic field system worked by the Durotriges tribe. Evidence suggests that the tribe co-existed with the Romans in a trading relationship following the Roman invasion c. 50 AD.[2]

King Edward the Martyr was murdered in Corfe on the evening of 18 March 978.[3]

In the Middle Ages there was a considerable marble carving and stone cutting industry in the village.[4] Purbeck stone was shipped all round the country from Ower Quay in Poole harbour.[5]

In the 18th century, ball clay quarrying developed as an industry in the village. By the middle of the century, with the arrival of William Pike – a merchant from Devon, activity expanded significantly. In 1791 Pike signed a five-year contract with Josiah Wedgwood to supply 1,200 tons of clay and search for further deposits.[6] From the 1796 Corfe Castle Census of the 96 men involved in local industries and living in the town, 55 were clay cutters. Clay extraction continued to provide major employment for the local population until the 20th century.

The village had two watermills, West Mill on the River Wicken ceased operating in 1792 but the building was used for poor housing until 1915. Stone from the building was used to construct the World War 1 war memorial.[7] The other mill was Boar Mill on the Byle Brook. The mill cottage was later used as a bakery. The Grade II listed mill and cottage[8] are now owned by the National Trust.[9]

Geography

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The parish of Corfe Castle encompasses a broad swathe of the Isle of Purbeck and has an area of 14+1⁄2 square miles (37.45 km2). To the south, it includes the smaller village of Kingston and a section of the Jurassic Coast facing the English Channel. To the north, it includes a large area of heathland stretching as far as the southern shore of Poole Harbour, where Furzey, Green, Long and Round little islands also form part of the parish.[10] To the north west on a clear day, the Mendip Hills in Somerset can be seen in the distance from the castle. The village is constructed almost entirely from the local grey Purbeck limestone and comprises two main streets, East Street and West Street, linked at their north end at the Square.

Landmarks

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The village, as seen from the castle

The National Trust runs a shop and a tearoom in the village,[11] both are Grade II listed buildings.[12][13] The Corfe Model Village, located on the village square, is a 1⁄20 scale model that shows what the castle and village would have looked like in 1646 before the castle was slighted.[14] Within the Church of St. Edward is an alabaster reredos inset with carvings in white marble, designed by the famous Victorian architect George Edmund Street R.A., which was presented by Lord Eldon in 1876.[15] A cross in the square commemorates Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee of 1897. Next to the cross is a defunct village pump, bearing the village's arms.[16] Mortons House Hotel, a Grade II* listed building, was built in 1590 and is one of the most notable buildings in the village.[17] Corfe Castle Town Hall, also Grade II listed, in West Street, was built in around 1774.[18]

Corfe Castle

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Main article: Corfe Castle

The castle stands above the village and dates back in some form to the 10th century. It was the site of the murder of Edward the Martyr in 978. During the English Civil War it was a Royalist stronghold and was besieged twice, in 1643 and again in 1646. It is currently owned by the National Trust and is open to the public.

Governance

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Corfe Castle Town Hall

The former royal status of Corfe meant that it existed as a borough electing two Members of Parliament (MPs). In the 17th and 18th centuries, with the Bankes's owning much of the property and thereby controlling most of the votes, the town was a rotten borough. The Bankes family was able to ensure that at least one of the MPs returned to the House of Commons was a member of the family or a Bankes nominee. The Reform Act 1832 abolished the rotten boroughs, and Corfe lost its direct representation. The village and castle were part of Corfe Castle hundred.

The parish later formed part of the District of Purbeck. It is within the South Dorset constituency of the House of Commons. Prior to Brexit in 2020 it was in the South West England constituency of the European Parliament.[10][19][20] There is an electoral ward called Castle which is based on the village, but this includes Studland and the intermediate areas. The total population of Castle ward is 1,780.[21]

After 2019 structural changes to local government in England, Corfe Castle is part of the South East Purbeck ward which elects 1 member to Dorset Council.[22]

Demography

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In the 2011 census Corfe Castle civil parish had 738 dwellings,[23] 612 households and a population of 1,355.[24]

Transport

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The railway line, showing the gap the line must thread between Castle (left) and East (right) hills.

The main route through the village is East Street which forms part of the A351 main road taking traffic to Wareham in the north and Swanage in the south. Separating the two streets is an area of common land called "the Halves".

Corfe Castle railway station lies to the east of East Street, adjacent to the village centre. Originally the only intermediate station on the London and South Western Railway's branch line from Wareham to Swanage, the station is now a stop on the Swanage Railway, a steam locomotive operated heritage railway. The railway links the tourist centres of Corfe Castle and Swanage with each other, and with a Park and Ride site at Norden station just to the north of Corfe Castle. On some days, diesel trains also run to Wareham, where they connect with National Rail services to London, Southampton, Bournemouth and Weymouth.

Notable residents

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The village was for many years the residence of composer Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji.[25]

Cultural references

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Keith Roberts, an English science fiction writer who lived nearby, set his alternative history novel Pavane partly around the castle.

The children's author Enid Blyton spent time in the area, and some of her adventure stories like The Famous Five (Kirrin Island) featured castles that were said to be based on Corfe Castle.[by whom?] In 1957 the Children's Film Foundation (CFF) film "Five on a Treasure Island" was filmed in and around Corfe Castle, Corfe Castle Village and the Jurassic Coast (Durdle Door and Stairhole at Lulworth Cove).

Corfe was featured in the 1971 film Bedknobs and Broomsticks released by The Walt Disney Company, doubling as the fictional village of Pepperinge Eye.[26]

The Castle itself and the Greyhound Inn feature prominently in Mike Leigh's 1976 TV play Nuts in May.[27] The two main characters, Keith and Candice-Marie, pay a visit to the castle during their camping holiday.

The back of Corfe Castle plus Oliver's Bistro in Corfe Castle Village are featured in the German TV thriller At the End of the Silence [de] based on the novel by Charlotte Link.

An episode of Mary Queen of Shops centred on Mary Portas revamping the village's convenience store.[28]

Featured in the time-slip novel, The Lady of Hay by Barbara Erskine.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Corfe Castle and Knowle Hill". tessofthevale.com. 28 November 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  2. ^ History Archived 7 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine. The Corfe Castle Chamber of Trade & Commerce. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  3. ^ Williams, Ann (2003). Æthelred the Unready: The Ill-Counselled King. London, UK: Hambledon and London. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-85285-382-2.
  4. ^ Hadfield, John, ed. (1977). Shell Guide to England. London: Rainbird Reference Books. p. 250.
  5. ^ Hadfield, John, ed. (1980). The Shell Book of English Villages. London: Rainbird. p. 151. ISBN 0-7181-1900-2.
  6. ^ Jones, Eric Lionel (2010). Locating the Industrial Revolution: Inducement and Response. World Scientific. p. 72. ISBN 978-9814295253.
  7. ^ Bullen, Annie (2015). Corfe Castle. Swindon: National Trust. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-84359-455-0.
  8. ^ Historic England (25 November 1959). "Boar Mill (Grade II) (1323454)". National Heritage List for England.
  9. ^ "Boar Mill Cottage". National Trust. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  10. ^ a b OS Explorer Map OL15 – Purbeck & South Dorset. Ordnance Survey. 2006. ISBN 978-0-319-23865-3.
  11. ^ "Eating and shopping at Corfe Castle". National Trust. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  12. ^ Historic England (20 November 1959). "Castle Tea Room and Garden Including Attached Outbuildings (Grade II) (1120999)". National Heritage List for England.
  13. ^ Historic England (20 November 1959). "National Trust Shop (Grade II) (1230653)". National Heritage List for England.
  14. ^ "Isle of Purbeck – Corfe Model Village". isleofpurbeck.com. Archived from the original on 3 September 2007. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
  15. ^ Michael Habermann & Liane Hansen, 1996. Weekend Edition. National Public Radio; Alistair Hinton, 2000. "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji."
  16. ^ "Corfe castle pumps".
  17. ^ Historic England (25 November 1959). "Morton's House Including Attached Outbuildings and Front Boundary Wall (Grade II*) (1229002)". National Heritage List for England.
  18. ^ Historic England. "The Old Town Hall (1121006)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  19. ^ "Corfe Castle – Dorset For You". Dorset For You Partnership. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
  20. ^ "Parish Statistics" (PDF). Purbeck District Council. 11 January 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 12 August 2007.
  21. ^ "Castle ward 2011. Retrieved 27 Feb 2015".
  22. ^ "Area profile for South East Purbeck - Dorset Council". gi.dorsetcouncil.gov.uk. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  23. ^ "Area: Corfe Castle (Parish). Dwellings, Household Spaces and Accommodation Type, 2011 (KS401EW)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  24. ^ "Area: Corfe Castle (Parish). Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  25. ^ Rapoport, Paul, ed. (1994). Sorabji: a critical celebration (Repr. (with corrections) ed.). Aldershot: Scolar Press [u.a.] p. 223. ISBN 978-0-85967-923-7.
  26. ^ "A Witch's Brew of a Perfect Movie". D23. 11 November 2009. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  27. ^ Coveney, Michael (1996). The World According to Mike Leigh. London: HarperCollins. p. 100. ISBN 978-0002555180.
  28. ^ "Clealls". BBC. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Corfe Castle.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Corfe Castle (village).
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