Darul Islam (Indonesia)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Darul Islam" Indonesia – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Part of a series on the
History of Indonesia
Timeline
Prehistory Paleolithic Java Man 1,000,000 BP Flores Man 94,000–12,000 BP Neolithic Toba catastrophe 75,000 BP Buni culture 400 BCE
Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms Kutai kingdom 350–1605 Tarumanagara kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli 400s-500s Kalingga kingdom 500s–600s Melayu kingdom 600s–1347 Srivijaya Empire 600s–1025 Shailendra Dynasty 600s–900s Mataram kingdom 716–1016 Bali kingdom 914–1908 Sunda kingdom 932–1579 Kahuripan kingdom 1019–1045 Kediri kingdom 1045–1221 Dharmasraya kingdom 1183–1347 Pannai kingdom 1000s–1300s Singhasari Empire 1222–1292 Majapahit Empire 1293–1527
Islamic sultanates Spread of Islam 800–1600 Peureulak Sultanate 840–1292 Aru kingdom 1225–1613 Ternate Sultanate 1257–1914 Samudera Pasai Sultanate 1267–1521 Pagaruyung kingdom 1347–1833 Brunei Sultanate 1368–1888 Malacca Sultanate 1400–1511 Sulu Sultanate 1405–1851 Cirebon Sultanate 1445–1677 Demak Sultanate 1475–1554 Aceh Sultanate 1496–1903 Sultanate of Ternate 1486–1914 Sultanate of Bacan 1515–1946 Sultanate of Tidore 1500s–1967 Sultanate of Jailolo 1496–1903 Banten Sultanate 1526–present Banjar Sultanate 1526–1863 Kalinyamat Sultanate 1527–1599 Mataram Sultanate 1586–1755 Johor Sultanate 1528s–1877 Kingdom of Kaimana 1600s–1926 Palembang Sultanate 1659–1823 Siak Sultanate 1725–1946 Surakarta Sunanate 1745–present Yogyakarta Sultanate 1755–present Deli Sultanate 1814–1946 Riau-Lingga Sultanate 1824–1911
Christian kingdoms Larantuka kingdom 1515–1904 Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow 1670–1950
Chinese Kongsi federations Heshun Confederation 1776–1854 Lanfang Republic 1777–1884 Santiaogou Republic 1777–1853
European colonization Portuguese 1512–1850 Spanish 1521–1677 Dutch East India Company 1602–1799 British 1685–1824 French and British interregnum 1806–1816 Dutch East Indies 1800–1942 1945–1949
Emergence of Indonesia National Awakening 1908–1942 Japanese occupation 1942–1945 National Revolution 1945–1949 United States of Indonesia 1949–1950
Republic of Indonesia Liberal democracy 1950–1959 Guided Democracy 1959–1966 Transition 1966–1967 New Order 1967–1998 Reform era 1998–present
Regions Jakarta Bali Bogor Bandung
By topic Agriculture Archaeology Currency Economy Education Javanese historical texts Religion Buddhism Christianity Hinduism Islam Judaism Mass media Military Sport Women
Indonesia portal
v t e

Darul Islam (lit. meaning House of Islam),^[6] also known as Darul Islam/Islamic Armed Forces of Indonesia (Indonesian: Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia, DI/TII), is an Islamist group that's goal is to fight for the establishment of an Islamic state in Indonesia. It was established in 1942 by a group of Muslim militias, coordinated by the Muslim politician, Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo. The group recognises only Shari'a as the valid source of law. The movement has produced splinters and offshoots that range from Jemaah Islamiyah to non-violent religious groups.

During the Indonesian National Revolution, Kartosoewirjo founded his own band of fighters in West Java, called Hizbullah and Sabilillah. As a protest toward the Renville Agreement signed by Indonesian leaders in 1948, which ceded West Java to the Dutch, Kartosoewirjo proclaimed a Darul Islam (meaning "Islamic State") in West Java on 7 August 1949. Darul Islam did not disband itself after the transfer of sovereignty in 1949, resulting in a clash with the government of the Indonesian Republic. Rebels in South Sulawesi led by army deserter Abdul Kahar Muzakkar joined the Darul Islam Movement in 1951. On 20 September 1953, Daud Beureu'eh declared that Aceh was part of the "Islamic State of Indonesia" (Negara Islam Indonesia) under the leadership of Kartosoewirjo.

The movement flourished in the 1950s due to chronic instability within the central government during the Liberal Democracy Era. In 1957, it was estimated that the Darul Islam controlled one-third of West Java and more than 90% of South Sulawesi and Aceh provinces where the government only controlled the cities and towns. The movement had 15,000 armed guerillas operating under the banner of Tentara Islam Indonesia (Indonesian Islamic Army). In that year, Darul Islam agents unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Sukarno by throwing grenades at him during a school function in Cikini, Central Jakarta.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Dengan nama Allah Jang Maha Murah dan Jang Maha Asih
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ

Kami, ummat Islam Bangsa Indonesia

MENJATAKAN:

Berdirinja ”NEGARA ISLAM INDONESIA”

Maka hukum jang berlaku atas

Negara Islam Indonesia itu, ialah:

HUKUM ISLAM

Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar!

Atas nama Ummat Islam Bangsa Indonesia

IMAM NEGARA ISLAM INDONESIA

(SM. KARTOSUWIRJO)

MADINAH-INDONESIA 12 SYAWAL 1368|7 AGUSTUS 1949

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah

We, the Muslims of Indonesia

HEREBY DECLARE:

The establishment of the "ISLAMIC STATE OF INDONESIA"

Therefore, the law in effect in

the Islamic state of Indonesia is:

ISLAMIC LAW

God is great! God is great! God is great!

In the name of the Muslims of Indonesia

IMAM OF THE ISLAMIC STATE OF INDONESIA

(SM. KARTOSUWIRJO)

MADINAH-INDONESIA 12 SHAWWAL 1368|7 AUGUST 1949

The implementation of martial law in 1957, followed by declaration of Guided Democracy by Sukarno in 1959, marked the reversal of fortunes for Darul Islam. Smaller Darul Islam bands operating in Central Java under Amir Fatah were crushed by Colonel Ahmad Yani's Banteng Raiders in 1954–1957. Darul Islam forces in South Kalimantan under Ibnu Hadjar were forced to surrender in 1959. Amir Fatah was killed in 1954, while Ibnu Hadjar was eventually executed in 1962.

Three years of negotiations (1959–1962) led to a peace agreement that ended the conflict in Aceh, in which Aceh was restored as an autonomous province with special rights for Islamic law. Introduction of effective "fence-of-legs" method of encircling rebel mountain hideouts in 1959 succeeded in breaking the strong rebel grip over West Java's rural areas. On 4 June 1962, Kartosoewirjo was captured on his hideout of Mount Geber near Garut. In captivity, Kartosoewirjo issued order for all his followers to surrender, after which he was quickly tried and executed. The last Darul Islam band in West Java surrendered in August 1962. Successive military operations also crushed the Darul Islam in South Sulawesi. In February 1965, its leader Kahar Muzakkar was killed in a military ambush in the interior of Southeast Sulawesi province, ending the Darul Islam insurgency in Indonesia.

However, despite the group being dismantled, underground networks have persisted. In the 1970s and 1980s, there were occurrences of 'Islamic' terrorism attributed to a group known as Komando Jihad. The leaders arrested from this group were found to be Darul Islam veterans.

According to the director of the National Counter Terrorism Agency brigadier general of police Ahmad Nurwakhid, Darul Islam carrying out underground movements and recruitment.^[7]

Until May 2022, Detachment 88 had arrested more than 20 members of Darul Islam Indonesia and Detachment 88 revealed that members of Darul Islam Indonesia in West Sumatera had planned various low-level terror attacks using machetes and campaigns to overthrow the government with a time limit of 2024. On the other hand, observers note that the Darul Islam Indonesia threat is too exaggerated because its cells are currently too small and uncoordinated to inflict a significant attack on the government. Although Darul Islam Indonesia existence is temporarily shrouded in the shadows of Jemaah Islamiyah and Jamaah Ansharut Daulah, the police report that their activities are continuing. Currently, Darul Islam Indonesia has cells in seven regions, including Jakarta, Banten, West Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Maluku, and West Sumatra each of which operates in a “structured and systematic” manner in carrying out a four-step recruitment system to check and indoctrinate sympathizers. In West Sumatera alone, the system reportedly recruited more than 1,125 members of Darul Islam Indonesia of which 400 were active members and the rest were part of its inactive cells.^[8]

• Darul Islam rebellion
• Mujahedeen KOMPAK

• Dijk, C. van (Cornelis) Rebellion under the banner of Islam : the Darul Islam in Indonesia The Hague: M. Nijhoff,1981.ISBN 90-247-6172-7

• (in Indonesian) Ahmad Sudirman page