Graphic violence

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Film and video game ratings for mature audiences, which are common for media featuring graphic violence

Graphic violence refers to the depiction of especially vivid, brutal and realistic acts of violence in visual media such as film, television, and video games. It may be real, simulated live action, or animated.

Intended for viewing by mature audiences, graphic in this context is a synonym for explicit, referring to the clear and unabashed nature of the violence portrayed.

Below are terms that categorized as or related to graphic violence.

The definition of gore is imagery depicting blood or gruesome injury.^[1][2] On the internet, the term is used as a catch-all for footage capturing real incidents of extreme body destruction, such as mutilation, work accidents, and zoosadism. Sometimes the term "medical gore" is used to refer to particularly graphic real-life medical imagery, such as intense surgical procedures.

The term is often considered a synonym for “graphic violence”, but some people or organizations distinguish between the terms “gore” and “graphic violence”. One example is Adobe Inc., which separates the terms “gore” and “graphic violence” for its publication service.^[3] Another example is the news site The Verge. It separates the term “gore” and “violence” when reporting the closure of LiveLeak, a website that was often used to host gore videos before its closure. ^[4]

The sharing of gore videos is mostly illegal.^[5]

Hurtcore, a portmanteau of the words “hardcore” and “hurt”, is a name given to a particularly extreme form of child pornography, usually involving degrading violence, bodily harm, and murder relating to child sexual abuse.^[6][7][8][9]

Some documentary films or photos contain graphic violence. Examples of graphic documentaries and footages are war and crime.^[10][11] Unlike gore contents, sharing graphic documentary and footage is legal, although the publication of graphic footage and documentary caused debates and complaints.^[12][13]

Graphic violence generally consists of any clear and uncensored depiction of various violent acts. Commonly included depictions include murder, assault with a deadly weapon, accidents which result in death or severe injury, suicide, and torture. In all cases, it is the explicitness of the violence and the injury inflicted which results in it being labeled "graphic". In fictional depictions, appropriately realistic plot elements are usually included to heighten the sense of realism (i.e. blood effects, prop weapons, CGI). In order to qualify for the "graphic" designation, the violence depicted must generally be of a particularly unmitigated and unshielded nature; an example would be a video of a man being shot, bleeding from the wound, and crumpling to the ground.

Graphic violence arouses strong emotions, ranging from titillation and excitement to utter revulsion and even terror, depending on the mindset of the viewer and the method in which it is presented. A certain degree of graphic violence has become de rigueur in adult "action" genre, and it is presented in an amount and manner carefully deliberated to excite the emotions of the target demographic without inducing disgust or revulsion. Even more extreme and grotesque acts of graphic violence (generally revolving around mutilation) are often used in the horror genre in order to inspire even stronger emotions of fear and shock (which the viewing demographic would presumably be seeking).

It is a highly controversial topic. Many believe that exposure to graphic violence leads to desensitization to committing acts of violence in person. It has led to censorship in extreme cases, and regulation in others. One notable case was the creation of the US Entertainment Software Rating Board in 1994. Many nations now require varying degrees of approval from television, movie, and software rating boards before a work can be released to the public.

On the other hand, some critics claim that watching violent media content can be cathartic, providing "acceptable outlets for anti-social impulses".^[14]

Graphic violence is used frequently in horror, action, and crime films. Several of these films have been banned from certain countries for their violent content. Snuff films take horror to its furthest extreme as torture and murder are not simulated.

Violence in films is not an old topic, recently a study presented in an annual American Academy of Pediatrics conference showed that the "good guys" in superhero movies were on average more violent than the villains, potentially sending a strongly negative message to young viewers.^[15]

News media on television and online video frequently cover violent acts. The coverage may be preceded with a warning, stating that the footage may be disturbing to some viewers.

Sometimes graphic images are censored, by blurring or blocking a portion of the image, cutting the violent portions out of an image sequence or by removing certain portions of film footage from viewing.

Graphic and gory violence has started appearing in music videos in recent times, an example being the controversial music video for the song "Rock DJ" by British rock vocalist Robbie Williams, which features self-mutilation. Another example of a music video containing strong violence is the music video for the song "Hurricane" by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars and "Happiness in Slavery" by American industrial rock group Nine Inch Nails. The music video for "Forced Gender Reassignment" by American deathgrind band Cattle Decapitation displays such intense graphic violence that it is not hosted by many popular video hosting sites like YouTube and Dailymotion and is only hosted by Vimeo.

Violent content has been a central part of video game controversy. Because violence in video games is interactive and not passive, critics such as Dave Grossman and Jack Thompson argue that violence in games hardens children to unethical acts, calling first-person shooter games "murder simulators", although no conclusive evidence has supported this belief.

An example is the display of "gibs" (short for giblets^[16]), little bits or giant chunks of internal organs, flesh, and bone, when a character is killed.^[17]

On the internet, several sites dedicated to recordings of real graphic violence, referred to as "gore", exist, such as Bestgore.com and Goregrish.com.^[18][19] Furthermore, many content-aggregator sites such as Reddit or imageboards and 4chan^{[citation needed]} have their own subsites which are dedicated to or allow that kind of content. Some of those sites also require that gore material to be marked as it, often by the internet slang "NSFL" (shorthand for "not safe for life"). This kind of media might depict reality footage of war, car crashes and other accidents, decapitations, suicide, terrorism, murder, or executions.

• Violence in art
• Influence of mass media
• Research on the effects of violence in mass media
• Motion picture content rating system
• Pornographic film
• Snuff film
• Splatter film
• Television content rating system