HMS Hero (1885)

Painting of HMS Hero by William Frederick Mitchell
History
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Hero
Builder	Chatham Dockyard
Laid down	11 April 1884
Launched	27 October 1885
Commissioned	May 1888
Fate	Sunk as target, 18 February 1908
General characteristics
Class and type	Conqueror-class ironclad battleship
Displacement	6,440 long tons (6,540 t)
Length	270 ft (82 m)
Beam	58 ft (18 m)
Draught	21.6 ft (6.6 m) (light) 25.7 ft (7.8 m) (deep load)
Installed power	4,500 ihp (3,400 kW)
Propulsion	2 × Rennie inverted compound steam engines 2 × shafts
Speed	14 kn (16 mph; 26 km/h)
Complement	330
Armament	2 × BL 12 in (300 mm) guns, 4 × 6 in (150 mm) guns, 7 × 6 pdr (2.7 kg) guns, 6 × 14 in (360 mm) torpedo tubes, armoured ram
Armour	Belt: 12 in (30 cm), tapering to 8 in (20 cm) Citadel: 10.5–12 in (27–30 cm) Turret: 14 in (36 cm) (face), 12 in (30 cm) (sides) Conning Tower: 6–12 in (15–30 cm) Bulkhead: 10.5–11.5 in (27–29 cm) Deck:1.25–2.5 in (3.2–6.4 cm)

HMS Hero was the second and final Conqueror-class battleship. She was an ironclad who served in the Victorian Royal Navy.

The Conqueror-class ships were designed to be improved versions of Rupert with a ram as their main armament. It was assumed by the Board of Admiralty and within Naval Architecture circles, that the supremacy of armour over artillery would allow such a ship to ram an enemy vessel without being seriously damaged by enemy gunfire. This assumption was never tested in action.

The ship carried two big guns in a turret placed on the foredeck. Gunfire over the bow was found to cause serious blast damage to the deck and its structures, while firing abaft the beam caused blast damage to the bridge and superstructure. The guns were limited to a firing arc of some 45° on either side; as they had been installed with the intention of engaging an enemy on the beam who had evaded a ramming attack, this limit was not seen as serious.

Six tubes for the launching of 14 in (360 mm) torpedoes were mounted; they were carried in the after part of the superstructure and were intended to supplement the ram. The smaller guns were for defence against small craft, against whom the main armament could not be easily or economically employed.

By the time she was launched, ramming had been discarded, leaving her and her sister exposed as perhaps the two most useless turret-armed battleships ever built.

She was commissioned at Portsmouth in May 1888 as tender to the gunnery school Excellent. She remained there until February 1905, when she passed into Dockyard Reserve. She took part in the manoevres of 1888-1891, but saw no other active service. Commander Francis Alan Richard Bowles was appointed in command on 6 February 1900,^[1] and was succeeded by Commander George Bowes Hutton who was appointed in command on 6 March 1902.^[2]

In March 1900 she completed a series of anchor trials, where stockless anchors were tested successfully against anchors with stocks.^[3]

In November 1907, she was made a target ship and was sunk off the Kentish Knock on 18 February 1908.

Player's Navy Cut cigarette packages used an illustration of a sailor with a warship in the background. The sailor's cap band reads "Hero"; this does not imply any connection with HMS Hero, but just suggests that all Royal Navy sailors were heroes. (See the accompanying image.)

• Oscar Parkes, British Battleships ISBN 0-85052-604-3
• Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.