Intralaminar thalamic nuclei
| Intralaminar thalamic nuclei | |
|---|---|
 Thalamic nuclei | |
| Details | |
| Part of | Thalamus |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | nuclei intralaminares thalami |
| Acronym(s) | ITN |
| MeSH | D020646 |
| NeuroNames | 317 |
| NeuroLex ID | birnlex_1530 |
| TA98 | A14.1.08.615 |
| TA2 | 5685 |
| FMA | 62021 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
The intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN) are collections of neurons in the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus.[1]
Anatomy
[edit]Structure
[edit]The ITN are generally divided in two groups as follows:[1]
- anterior (rostral) group
- central lateral nucleus
- central medial nucleus (not referred to as "centromedial"[2])
- paracentral nucleus
- posterior (caudal) intralaminar group
- centromedian nucleus
- parafascicular nucleus
Some sources also include a "central dorsal" nucleus.
Afferents
[edit]Midline intralaminar nuclei receive afferents from the brain stem, spinal cord, and cerebellum. Connections with the cerebral cortex and basal nuclei are reciprocal. Afferents from the spinothalamic tract as well as periaqueductal gray are part of a pathway involved in pain processing.[3]
Efferents
[edit]The intralaminar nuclei project efferents to the hypothalamus, amygdala, and limbic lobe.[4]
Function
[edit]The ITN are thought to be involved in mediating arousal, affective, autonomic responses to pain.[4]
Clinical significance
[edit]Degeneration of this area may occur in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease.[5]
Research
[edit]This area is also prominently affected in traumatic brain injuries. One postmortem study of patients with closed head injuries showed correlation of the involvement of these nuclei with the various degrees of disability.[6][7]
See also
[edit]- Central tegmental tract
- Output of the ARAS
References
[edit]- ^ a b Mancall, E., Brock, D. & Gray, H. (2011). Gray's clinical neuroanatomy the anatomic basis for clinical neuroscience. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders.
- ^ NeuroName 321
- ^ Schmahmann, Jeremy D. (2003-09-21). "Vascular Syndromes of the Thalamus". Stroke. 34 (9): 2264–2278. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000087786.38997.9E. ISSN 0039-2499. PMID 12933968. S2CID 6347059.
- ^ a b Ropper, Allan H.; Samuels, Martin A.; Klein, Joshua; Prasad, Sashank (2023). Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology (12th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-264-26453-7.
- ^ Henderson JM, Carpenter K, Cartwright H, Halliday GM (July 2000). "Loss of thalamic intralaminar nuclei in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease: clinical and therapeutic implications". Brain. 123 (7): 1410–21. doi:10.1093/brain/123.7.1410. PMID 10869053.
- ^ Maxwell, William L.; MacKinnon, Mary Anne; Smith, Douglas H.; McIntosh, Tracy K.; Graham, David I. (2006). "Thalamic Nuclei After Human Blunt Head Injury". Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. 65 (5): 478–488. doi:10.1097/01.jnen.0000229241.28619.75. PMID 16772871. S2CID 15304046. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
- ^ Benarroch, Eduardo E. (2008-09-16). "The midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei: Anatomic and functional specificity and implications in neurologic disease". Neurology. 71 (12): 944–949. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000326066.57313.13. ISSN 0028-3878. PMID 18794498. S2CID 3397224.
External links
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