Kasprowy Wierch
| Kasprowy Wierch | |
|---|---|
| Kasprov vrch Kasper Peak | |
 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,987 m (6,519 ft)[1] |
| Listing | Mountains of Poland |
| Coordinates | 49°13′55″N 19°58′55″E / 49.23194°N 19.98194°E |
| Geography | |
  Kasprowy Wierch Location in Poland  Kasprowy Wierch Kasprowy Wierch (Lesser Poland Voivodeship)  Kasprowy Wierch Kasprowy Wierch (Prešov Region)  Kasprowy Wierch Kasprowy Wierch (Slovakia) | |
| Countries | |
| Parent range | Western Tatras |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | First winter tourist ascent by Poles: Klemens Bachleda and Karol Potkański in c. 1890 |
Kasprowy Wierch (Polish pronunciation: [kasˈprɔvɨ ˈvjɛrx]; Slovak; Kasprov vrch; sometimes in Kasper Peak)[2] is a peak of a long crest in the Western Tatras one of Poland's main winter ski areas. Its dominant southern crests mark the border with Slovakia. It is accessible in most conditions by foot and daily by cablecar.[3]
History
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From 1910 onwards Kasprowy Wierch became very popular among ski tourists so much so an aerial tramway or téléphérique, reaching almost to the summit, was built between 1935 and 1936 as such it is one of the oldest in Europe. As part of its modernization, the cabin aerial ropeway was closed for a period until December 2007. In 1938 meteorological and astronomical observatories were built here. One of the faint Kordylewski clouds, at or circling the L4 and L5 Lagrange points of the moon, was first photographed here by Kazimierz Kordylewski in 1961.
Geography
[edit]The mountain is at the crossroads of four crests, two of which coincide with footpaths, incorporating steps, bounding Poland and Slovakia and in times without snow the steep paths heading into both countries south and north are quite easily traversable. The peak itself is just north of the border, which is deemed to be a straight line relative to the two dominant ridges.
Crossing the border between Poland and Slovakia is not restricted, since both countries are members of the Schengen area. Users of the cable car change cars midway in their ascent/descent, at Mount Myślenicke Turnie. At the top station is a restaurant and information office building with further ski lifts outside.
The mountain is popular among hikers from Poland, because of its easy accessibility, both on foot and by the cable car. However, it is much less visited from the Slovak side, because the ascent from the nearest settlement in Slovakia involves a lengthy (17 km) approach up a remote valley Tichá dolina.
Climate
[edit]Without the existence of a summer, the climate is of tundra (Köppen: ET), as found in the highest areas of the Alps.[4]
| Climate data for Kasprowy Wierch (ridge), elevation 1,991 m or 6,532 ft (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) | 9.9 (49.8) | 9.4 (48.9) | 14.2 (57.6) | 18.7 (65.7) | 22.6 (72.7) | 23.4 (74.1) | 22.5 (72.5) | 19.8 (67.6) | 16.9 (62.4) | 13.9 (57.0) | 8.8 (47.8) | 23.4 (74.1) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 3.1 (37.6) | 2.6 (36.7) | 4.1 (39.4) | 8.2 (46.8) | 13.4 (56.1) | 17.9 (64.2) | 19.1 (66.4) | 18.7 (65.7) | 14.4 (57.9) | 11.9 (53.4) | 7.5 (45.5) | 4.6 (40.3) | 20.3 (68.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.6 (23.7) | −5.0 (23.0) | −3.3 (26.1) | 1.2 (34.2) | 6.0 (42.8) | 10.1 (50.2) | 12.1 (53.8) | 12.3 (54.1) | 7.5 (45.5) | 3.9 (39.0) | 0.0 (32.0) | −3.5 (25.7) | 3.1 (37.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.4 (18.7) | −7.8 (18.0) | −6.1 (21.0) | −1.6 (29.1) | 3.0 (37.4) | 6.7 (44.1) | 8.6 (47.5) | 8.9 (48.0) | 4.6 (40.3) | 1.2 (34.2) | −2.6 (27.3) | −6.1 (21.0) | 0.1 (32.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.1 (13.8) | −10.5 (13.1) | −8.7 (16.3) | −4.0 (24.8) | 0.6 (33.1) | 4.1 (39.4) | 6.0 (42.8) | 6.4 (43.5) | 2.2 (36.0) | −1.3 (29.7) | −5.1 (22.8) | −8.8 (16.2) | −2.4 (27.7) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | −19.2 (−2.6) | −19.4 (−2.9) | −16.3 (2.7) | −12.5 (9.5) | −6.3 (20.7) | −2.2 (28.0) | 0.0 (32.0) | 0.1 (32.2) | −4.1 (24.6) | −9.8 (14.4) | −13.7 (7.3) | −17.6 (0.3) | −21.9 (−7.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −30.2 (−22.4) | −29.1 (−20.4) | −27.9 (−18.2) | −18.1 (−0.6) | −13.0 (8.6) | −7.6 (18.3) | −3.1 (26.4) | −4.5 (23.9) | −8.2 (17.2) | −15.2 (4.6) | −24.8 (−12.6) | −28.0 (−18.4) | −30.2 (−22.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 105.1 (4.14) | 98.0 (3.86) | 112.7 (4.44) | 127.3 (5.01) | 186.0 (7.32) | 208.0 (8.19) | 248.1 (9.77) | 171.6 (6.76) | 158.5 (6.24) | 123.4 (4.86) | 117.6 (4.63) | 107.5 (4.23) | 1,763.8 (69.44) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 92.7 (36.5) | 130.5 (51.4) | 153.3 (60.4) | 147.9 (58.2) | 67.9 (26.7) | 14.4 (5.7) | 0.7 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.5) | 9.0 (3.5) | 15.1 (5.9) | 27.2 (10.7) | 56.1 (22.1) | 153.3 (60.4) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 19.8 | 18.6 | 20.2 | 18.3 | 21.0 | 20.0 | 19.6 | 16.3 | 15.6 | 16.8 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 223.0 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) | 31 | 28.3 | 30.9 | 30.0 | 20.6 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 5.9 | 13.7 | 21.3 | 30.6 | 216.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 77.6 | 80.5 | 83.8 | 84.3 | 86.8 | 87.7 | 86.6 | 84.5 | 86.2 | 80.9 | 82.0 | 78.6 | 83.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 88.9 | 91.2 | 117.1 | 154.1 | 157.5 | 153.8 | 166.5 | 179.3 | 130.8 | 121.3 | 83.8 | 80.7 | 1,524.8 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 26 | 29 | 32 | 41 | 39 | 39 | 41 | 46 | 36 | 34 | 25 | 24 | 35 |
| Source 1: Institute of Meteorology and Water Management[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (extremes and humidity)[13][14][15] | |||||||||||||
Cable cars and chairlifts
[edit]The cable cars are extremely popular and tourists regularly have to wait up to 3 hours to buy tickets – roughly the same time it would take to ascend the mountain on foot. The cable car service has caused environmental concerns and protests in 1935 and 2006.
In 1961–1962 and in 1967–1968 chairlifts were built on the slopes and they run in two sections.
References
[edit]- ^ "Topographic map of Kasprowy Wierch". opentopomap.org. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Nuclear Science Abstracts 15(23), 1961, p. 3994.
- ^ "Góra Parkowa kolejka PKL | PKL Góra Parkowa". pkl.info.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 March 2023.
- ^ "Kasprowy Wierch Climate Kasprowy Wierch Temperatures Kasprowy Wierch Weather Averages". www.kasprowy-wierch.climatemps.com. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
- ^ "Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "Miesięczna suma opadu". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "Kasprowy Wierch Absolutna temperatura maksymalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ "Kasprowy Wierch Absolutna temperatura minimalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "Kasprowy Wierch Średnia wilgotność" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
External links
[edit]- Zakopane – Kasprowy Wierch webcam
- Kasprowy Wierch cable-car – access information.
