List of African American jurists

This list includes individuals self-identified as African Americans who have made prominent contributions to the field of law in the United States, especially as eminent judges or legal scholars. Individuals who may have obtained law degrees or practiced law, but whose reasons for notability are not closely related to that profession, are generally not listed here.

Attorneys and legal scholars[edit]

Name	Historical significance
Violette Neatley Anderson (1882–1937)^[1]	First African-American woman to practice law before the United States Supreme Court on January 29, 1926
Dennis Archer (b. 1942)^[2]	First African American president of the American Bar Association; former mayor of Detroit
Derrick Bell (1930–2011)^[3]	Proponent of critical race theory; law professor at Harvard University
Stephen L. Carter (b. 1954)^[4]	William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law at Yale Law School
Johnnie Cochran (1937–2005)^[5]	Prominent defense attorney
Christopher Darden (b. 1956)^[6]	Associate District Attorney of Los Angeles who gained fame as a prosecutor in the O. J. Simpson trial
Marian Wright Edelman (b. 1939)^[7]	Founder of the Children's Defense Fund
Lani Guinier (1950–2022)^[8]	Voting rights scholar; first African American woman tenured by Harvard Law School
William Henry Harrison Hart (1857–1934)^[9]	Attorney who fought against Jim Crow laws
Barbara Jordan (1936–1996)^[10]	First African American Congresswoman from a southern state; while on House Judiciary Committee was influential in impeachment of Richard Nixon
Wade H. McCree (1920–1987)^[11]	Second African American (following Thurgood Marshall) to serve as Solicitor General of the United States
Barack Obama (b, 1961)^[12]	University of Chicago law professor, United States Senator, first African-American President of the Harvard Law Review, and 44th President of the United States of America
Ida Platt (1862–1939)^[13]	First African-American woman licensed to practice law in Illinois, and the third in the United States
Charlotte E. Ray (1850–1911)^[14]	First Black American female lawyer in the United States
Scovel Richardson (1912–1982)^[15]	Party to a housing desegregation case anticipating Shelley v. Kraemer; also a judge in federal courts from 1957
Patricia J. Williams (b. 1951)^[16]	Proponent of critical race theory; law professor at Columbia University
William F. Yardley (1844–1924)^[17]	Anti-segregation advocate; first African American candidate for governor of Tennessee (1876)

Judicial officers[edit]

This is a dynamic list of African Americans who are or were judges, magistrate judges, court commissioners, or administrative law judges. If known, it will be listed if a judge has served on multiple courts.

Judge	Court/agency and years of service (if known)	State/territory	Status
Sheila Abdus-Salaam^[18]	New York City Civil Court (1992–1993); New York Supreme Court (1993–2009); Appellate Division of the New York Supreme Court, First Judicial Department (2009–2013); New York Court of Appeals (2013–2017)	New York	deceased
Nancy Abudu^[19]	United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (2023– )	Georgia	active
Henry Lee Adams Jr.^[20]	Fourth Judicial Circuit of Florida (1979–1993); United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (1993– )	Florida	active
Oscar Adams^[21]	Supreme Court of Alabama (1980–1993)	Alabama	deceased
Fritz W. Alexander II^[22]	New York Appellate Division, First Department (1982–1985)	New York	resigned
Raymond Pace Alexander^[23]	Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas (1959–1974)	Pennsylvania	deceased
Elreta Melton Alexander-Ralston^[24]	North Carolina District Court (appt. 1968)	North Carolina	deceased
Arenda Wright Allen^[25]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (2011– )	Virginia	active
Macon Bolling Allen^[26]	Justice of the Peace for Middlesex County (appt. 1848); Inferior Court of Charleston (appt. 1873); Charleston County Probate Court (appt. 1873)	Massachusetts	deceased
Christopher M. Alston^[27]	Bankruptcy Court, Western District of Washington (2015– )	Washington	active
Rossie D. Alston Jr.^[28]	Court of Appeals of Virginia (2009–2019); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (2019– )	Virginia	active
Eldora Anderson^[29]	Perry County Probate Court (2006– )	Alabama	active
Percy Anderson^[30]	United States District Court for the Central District of California (2002– )	California	active
Saundra Brown Armstrong^[31]	United States District Court for the Northern District of California (1991– )	California	active
Israel "I.M." Augustine Jr.^[32]	Orleans Criminal District Court (1969)	Louisiana	deceased
Jacquelyn D. Austin^[33]	United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (2011– )	South Carolina	active
Henry Autrey^[34]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (2002– )	Missouri	active
Dionne Phillips Bagsby^[35]	Tarrant County Commissioners Court (1978–2005)	Texas	deceased
Nannette A. Baker^[36]	Missouri Court of Appeals (2004–2009); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (2010–2023)	Missouri	retired
Cynthia Baldwin^[37]	Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas (1989–2005); Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (2006–2008)	Pennsylvania	retired
Shannon Baldwin^[38]	Harris County Court (2018– )	Texas	active
Camara Banfield^[27]	Clark County Superior Court (2021– )	Washington	active
Patricia Banks^[39]	Cook County 5th Subcircuit (1994–2018)	Illinois	retired
Boce W. Barlow Jr.^[40]	Connecticut Municipal Court (appt. 1957)	Connecticut	deceased
Randolph Baskerville^[41]	North Carolina 9B Judicial District (2005–2014)	North Carolina	retired
Gordon S. Baranco^[42]	Oakland-Piedmont-Emeryville Municipal Court (1980–1984); Alameda County Superior Court (1984–2016)	California	retired
Lucia Bates^[43]	Harris County Justice of the Peace Court (2019– )	Texas	active
Deborah Batts^[44]	United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (1994–2020)	New York	deceased
DeLawrence Beard^[45]	Sixth Judicial Circuit Court (1996–2007)	Maryland	retired
Cheri Beasley^[46]	North Carolina Supreme Court (2012–2020)	North Carolina	term ended
James A. Beaty Jr.^[47]	United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina (1994–2018)	North Carolina	retired
Diana Becton^[48]	Contra Costa County Municipal Court (1995–1998); Contra Costa County Superior Court (1998–2017)	California	retired
Louis A. Bedford Jr.^[49]	Dallas Municipal Court (1966–1980)	Texas	deceased
Wendy Beetlestone^[50]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2014– )	Pennsylvania	active
Romonda Belcher-Ford^[51]	Polk County District Court (2010– )	Iowa	active
Kathleen Bell^[52]	Arkansas First Judicial District (1989–2016)	Arkansas	retired
Robert M. Bell^[53]	Circuit Court for Baltimore City (1980–1984); Maryland Court of Special Appeals (1984–1991); Maryland Court of Appeals (1991–2013)	Maryland	retired
Te'iva Bell^[54]	Harris County District Court (2021– )	Texas	active
DeAndrea G. Benjamin^[55]	South Carolina Circuit Court (2011–2023); United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (2023– )	South Carolina	active
Alfred H. Bennett^[56]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (2015– )	Texas	active
L. Howard Bennett^[57]	Minneapolis Municipal Court (appt. 1957)	Minnesota	deceased
Gail B. Bereola^[58]	Alameda County Municipal Court (1992–1998); Alameda County Superior Court (1998– )	California	active
Irene Berger^[59]	Kanawha County Circuit Court (1994–2009); United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia (2009– )	West Virginia	active
Karen Bethea-Shields^[60]	North Carolina 14th District Court (1980–1986)	North Carolina	resigned
Deborah Biggers^[61]	Alabama Fifth Judicial Circuit (2014– )	Alabama	active
Loretta Copeland Biggs^[62]	United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina (2014– )	North Carolina	active
A. A. Birch Jr.^[63]	Tennessee Court of Appeals (1987–1990); Supreme Court of Tennessee (1990–2001)	Tennessee	deceased
Fannie Birckhead^[64]^[65]	Worcester County Orphans' Court (1998–2002)	Maryland	deceased
Kea S. Bird-Riley^[66]	16th Circuit Court (2020– )	Missouri	active
Andre Birotte Jr.^[67]	United States District Court for the Central District of California (2014– )	California	active
Ollie B. Bivins Jr.^[68]	Flint Municipal Court (1969–1972); Genesee County Circuit Court (1972–1982)	Michigan	deceased
Charnelle Bjelkengren^[69]	Spokane County Superior Court (2019– )	Washington	active
Stuart Black^[70]	Isabella County Probate Court (2018– )	Michigan	active
Carolyn Wade Blackett^[71]	Shelby County Criminal Court (1994– )	Tennessee	active
Jerry W. Blackwell^[72]	United States District Court for the District of Minnesota (2022– )	Minnesota	active
Juanita Boger-Allen^[73]	Cabarrus County District Court (2019– )	North Carolina	active
Kyra Harris Bolden^[74]	Michigan Supreme Court (2023– )	Michigan	active
Victor Allen Bolden^[75]	United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (2014– )	Connecticut	active
Jane Bolin^[76]	New York City Domestic Relations Court (1939–1978)	New York	deceased
Gia G. Bosley^[77]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2017– )	California	active
Richard F. Boulware^[78]	United States District Court for the District of Nevada (2014– )	Nevada	active
Colin T. Bowen^[79]	Alameda County Superior Court (2018– )	California	active
Robert Bowers^[80]	Solano County Superior Court (2003– )	California	active
Amos E. Bowman^[81]	New York City Magistrates’ Court	New York	deceased
Susan Bragg^[82]	Oklahoma County District Court (1988–1999); Oklahoma Seventh District Court (1999–2005)	Oklahoma	deceased
Henry Bramwell^[83]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (1974–2010)	New York	deceased
William McKinley Branch^[84]	Greene County Probate Court (appt. 1970)	Alabama	deceased
George Bridges^[85]	Nineteenth Judicial Circuit Court First Subcircuit (2012–2016)	Illinois	retired
Cristal C. Brisco^[33]	St. Joseph County Superior Court (2021–2024); United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana (2024– )	Indiana	active
Vernon S. Broderick^[86]	United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2013– )	New York	active
Margo Kitsy Brodie^[87]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2012– )	New York	active
Alicia Brooks^[88]	North Carolina District Court (elect. 2014)	North Carolina	lost reelection
Claudette Brooks^[89]	Alameda County Superior Court (Referee: 1989–1997; Commissioner: 1997– )	California	active
Allen Broussard^[90]	Supreme Court of California (1981–1991)	California	deceased
Aaron Brown Jr.^[91]	Portland Municipal Court (1968–1971); Multnomah County District Court (1971–1995)	Oregon	deceased
Ada E. Brown^[92]	Dallas County Criminal Court (2005–2007); Fifth Court of Appeals of Texas (2013–2019); United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas (2019– )	Texas	active
Debra M. Brown^[93]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi (2013– )	Mississippi	active
F. Keith Brown^[94]^[95]	Illinois 16th Judicial Circuit (1991–2014)	Illinois	retired
George H. Brown^[96]	Supreme Court of Tennessee (1980–1982)	Tennessee	lost reelection
Harry C. Brown^[97]^[98]	Jasper County Probate Court (appt. 1987-1997)	South Carolina	suspended
Homer S. Brown^[99]	Allegheny County Court (1949–1975)	Pennsylvania	deceased
Janice Rogers Brown^[100]	California Supreme Court (1996–2005); United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (2005–2017)	Washington, D.C.	retired
Larry Brown Jr.^[101]	Alamance County District Court (2017– )	North Carolina	active
Nannette Jolivette Brown^[102]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (2011– )	Louisiana	active
Ronnisha Bowman^[103]	Harris County Criminal Court at Law No. 2 (2019– )	Texas	active
Yvette McGee Brown^[104]	Franklin County Court of Common Pleas (1993–2002); Supreme Court of Ohio (2011–2012)	Ohio	term ended
Vanessa Lynne Bryant^[105]	United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (2007– )	Connecticut	active
Wanda G. Bryant^[106]	North Carolina Court of Appeals (2001–2020)	North Carolina	retired
William B. Bryant^[107]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1965–1982)	Washington, D.C.	deceased
Frank Burgess^[108]	United States District Court for the Western District of Washington (1981–2010)	Washington, D.C.	deceased
Rhonda N. Burgess^[109]	Superior Court of Alameda County (Commissioner: 2003–2007; Judge: 2007– )	California	active
Lillian W. Burke^[110]	Cleveland Municipal Court (1969–1987)	Ohio	deceased
Sharon M. Burney^[111]	Precinct 7, Place 2 in Harris County (2019– )	Texas	active
Margaret Burnham^[112]	Boston Municipal Court (1977–1982)	Massachusetts	resigned
Garland E. Burrell Jr.^[113]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of California (1992– )	California	inactive
Sharon V. Burrell^[114]	Circuit Court for Montgomery County (2008– )	Maryland	active
Louis B. Butler^[115]	Wisconsin Circuit Court, Branch 9 (2002–2004); Wisconsin Supreme Court (2004–2008)	Wisconsin	term expired
Tjuana Byrd^[116]	Sixth Circuit Court (2021– )	Arkansas	active
Rupert Byrdsong^[117]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2014– )	California	active
Chinhayi Cadet^[118]	San Mateo County Superior Court (2021– )	California	active
Clyde S. Cahill Jr.^[119]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (1980–2004)	Missouri	deceased
Victoria Marie Calvert^[120]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (2022– )	Georgia	active
Gloria J. Cannon^[121]	Kern County Superior Court (2017– )	California	active
Larry Card^[122]	Superior Court of Alaska (1993–2017)	Alaska	retired
Donine Carrington Martin^[123]	Charles County Circuit Court (2017– )	Maryland	active
George Carroll^[124]	Contra Costa Municipal Court (1965–1982)	California	deceased
Andrew L. Carter Jr.^[125]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2011– )	New York	active
Geoffrey N. Carter	Alameda County Municipal Court (1988–1998); Alameda County Superior Court (Commissioner: 1998– )	California	active
Robert L. Carter^[126]	United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (1972–2012)	New York	deceased
Joan S. Cartwright^[127]	Alameda County Superior Court (1996–2014)	California	retired
Denise J. Casper^[128]	United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (2010– )	Massachusetts	active
Agnes Chappell^[129]	Birmingham Municipal Court (2002–2016); Alabama Tenth Judicial Circuit (2016– )	Alabama	active
Carlos Chappelle^[130]	Tulsa County District Court (1995–2015)	Oklahoma	died in office
Dewayne Charleston^[131]^[132]	Waller County Justice of the Peace (2003-2009)^[133]	Texas	suspended
Sharon Chatman^[134]	Santa Clara County Superior Court (2000–2020)	California	retired
Sammie Chess Jr.^[135]	North Carolina Superior Court (1971–2007)	North Carolina	deceased
Wentworth Cheswell^[136]	Rockingham County Justice of the Peace (1805–1817)	New Hampshire	deceased
J. Michelle Childs^[137]	United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (2010–2022); United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (2022– )	Washington, D.C.	active
Tanya S. Chutkan^[138]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (2014– )	Washington, D.C.	active
Crittenden Clark^[139]	St. Louis Justice of the Peace (appt. 1922)	Missouri	deceased
Darcel D. Clark^[140]	New York Appellate Division, First Department (2012–2015)	New York	resigned
Sidney Clark^[141]	Wilmington Municipal Court (1961–1966)	Delaware	resigned
Jessica G. L. Clarke^[142]	United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2023– )	New York	active
C. Don Clay^[143]	Alameda County Superior Court (2003– )	California	active
Eric L. Clay^[144]	United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (1997– )	Michigan	active
Jason A. Clay^[145]	Alameda County Superior Court (2018– )	California	active
Denise Clayton^[146]	Jefferson County District Court (1996–2007); Kentucky Court of Appeals (2007– )	Kentucky	active
Franklin Cleckley^[147]	Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia (1994–1996)	West Virginia	resigned
U. W. Clemon^[148]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama (1980–2009)	Alabama	retired
Charles N. Clevert Jr.^[115]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin (1996–2017)	Wisconsin	retired
Courtney Clyburn-Pope^[149]	South Carolina Second Judicial Circuit (2019– )	South Carolina	active
Lewis W. Clymer^[150]	Common Pleas Court for the City of Detroit (1956–1957); Recorder’s Court for the City of Detroit (1957–1977)	Missouri	deceased
David H. Coar^[151]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1994–2010)	Illinois	retired
Ivory Cobb^[152] or Ivorey Cobb^[153]	Colebrook Superior Court (1968-1981)	New Hampshire	deceased
Jia M. Cobb^[154]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (2021– )	Washington, D.C.	active
E. Curtissa R. Cofield^[155]	New Britain District Superior Court (1991–2005)	Connecticut	retired
Dena M. Coggins^[156]	Sacramento County Superior Court (2021– )	California	active
Harry A. Cole^[157]	Supreme Bench of Baltimore City (1967–1977); Maryland Court of Appeals (1977–1991)	Maryland	deceased
R. Guy Cole Jr.^[158]	United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (1995– )	Ohio	active
Tom Colbert^[159]	Oklahoma Supreme Court (2004–2021)	Oklahoma	retired
J. Carlton “J.C.” Cole^[160]	North Carolina Superior Court (2009–2021)	North Carolina	retired
James H. Coleman Jr.^[161]	New Jersey Workers’ Compensation Court (1964–1972); Union County Court (1972–1977); New Jersey Superior Court (1978–1987); New Jersey Appellate Court (1987–1994); Supreme Court of New Jersey (1994–2003)	New Jersey	retired
Myrlys Stockdale Coleman^[162]	Napa County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2019– 2020) Sacramento County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2020 – )	California	active
Sharon Johnson Coleman^[163]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2010– )	Illinois	active
Curtis Lynn Collier^[164]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee (1995– )	Tennessee	active
Audrey B. Collins^[165]	United States District Court for the Central District of California (1994–2014); California Second District Court of Appeal, Fourth Division (2014– )	California	active
Raner Collins^[166]	Pima County Superior Court (Judge Pro Tem: 1985–1988; Judge: 1988–1998); United States District Court for the District of Arizona (1998–present)	Arizona	active
Robert Frederick Collins^[167]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (1978–1993)	Louisiana	resigned
Verda Colvin^[168]	Macon Judicial Circuit (2014–2020); Georgia Court of Appeals (2020–2021); Georgia Supreme Court (2021– )	Georgia	active
Charles Swinger Conley^[169]	Macon County Court of Common Pleas (elec. 1972)	Alabama	deceased
C. Ellen Connally^[170]	Cleveland Municipal Court (1980–2004)	Ohio	deceased
Annette Cook^[27]	Office of Administrative Hearings	Washington	active
Julian A. Cook^[171]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (1978–2017)	Michigan	deceased
Marcia G. Cooke^[172]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (2004–2023)	Florida	deceased
Christopher R. Cooper^[173]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (2014– )	Washington, D.C.	active
Clarence Cooper^[174]	Georgia Court of Appeals (1990–1994); United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (1994– )	Georgia	active
James P. Cooper III^[175]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2020– )	California	active
LaDoris Cordell^[176]	Santa Clara Municipal Court (1982–1988) Santa Clara County Superior Court (1988–2011)	California	retired
Gerald Council^[177]	Vicinage 7 Superior Court (1998–2015)	New Jersey	suspended
Michelle Williams Court^[178]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2012– )	California	active
Ronald K. Creighton^[179]	Contra Costa County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2004– )	California	active
Waverly D. Crenshaw Jr.^[180]	United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee (2016– )	Tennessee	active
Kato Crews^[181]	United States District Court for the District of Colorado (2018– )	Colorado	active
Zina Pickens Cruse^[182]	Illinois 20th Judicial Circuit (2009–present)	Illinois	active
Raymond Dean Crutchley^[183]	Deschutes County Circuit Court (2018– )	Oregon	active
Gordon Cuffy^[184]	Onondaga County Court (2017– )	New York	active
Mark E. Cullers^[185]	Fresno County Superior Court (2015– )	California	active
Taylor Culver^[186]	Alameda County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2005–2016)	California	resigned
Jeffrey Cummings^[187]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2019– )	Illinois	active
Tiffany P. Cunningham^[188]	United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (2021– )	Washington, D.C.	active
Donald Cureton^[189]	North Carolina District Court (2011–2018)	North Carolina	lost reelection
Herbert Curtis^[190]	Ventura County Municipal Court (1984–1998); Ventura County Superior Court (1998–2007)	California	deceased
Angelita Dalton^[191]	Davidson County Criminal Court (2017– )	Tennessee	active
Jeremy C. Daniel^[192]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2023– )	Illinois	active
Wiley Young Daniel^[193]	United States District Court for the District of Colorado (1995–2019)	Colorado	deceased
George B. Daniels^[194]	United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2000– )	New York	active
Hayzel Burton Daniels^[195]	Phoenix City Court (appt. 1965)	Arizona	deceased
Beverly Daniels-Greenberg^[196]	Alameda County Superior Court (Commissioner: 1996–2003; Judge: 2003–2012)	California	retired
June Berry Darensburg^[197]	Louisiana Twenty-Fourth Judicial District Court (2006– )	Louisiana	active
Elvin L. Davenport^[198]	Jackson County Circuit Court (1970–1980)	Missouri	deceased
Horace A. Davenport^[199]	Montgomery County Court (1975–2003)	Pennsylvania	retired
John L. Davidson^[200]^[201]	San Diego Municipal Court (1994–2010)	California	retired
Andre M. Davis^[202]	United States District Court for the District of Maryland (1995–2009); United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (2009–2017)	Maryland	retired
Brian J. Davis^[203]	United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (2013– )	Florida	active
Carlton G. Davis^[204]	Sacramento County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2017– )	California	active
Dedra Davis^[205]	Harris County District Court (2019– )	Texas	active
Legrome D. Davis^[206]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2002– )	Pennsylvania	inactive
Leland Davis III^[207]	San Mateo County Superior Court (2010– )	California	active
Michael J. Davis^[208]	Hennepin County Municipal Court (1983–1984); Fourth Judicial District of Minnesota (1984–1994); United States District Court for the District of Minnesota (1994– )	Minnesota	active
Stephanie D. Davis^[209]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (2016–2022); United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (2022– )	Michigan	active
Terrye D. Davis^[210]	Solano County Superior Court (Judge Pro Tem: 2009–2014; Judge: 2019– )	California	active
Theodore Z. Davis^[211]	Camden County Superior Court	New Jersey	deceased
Joseph Dawson III^[212]	United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (2020– )	South Carolina	active
Charles Bernard Day^[213]	United States District Court for the District of Maryland (1997–2022)	Maryland	retired
James Dean^[214]	Monroe County Court (appt. 1888)	Florida	deceased
LaShann DeArcy Hall^[215]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2015– )	New York	active
Leland G. Degrasse^[216]	New York Appellate Division, First Department (2008–2015)	New York	retired
Mercedes Deiz^[217]	Multnomah County Circuit Court (1972–1992)	Oregon	retired
Elisha Demerson^[218]	Potter County Court (Commissioner: 1980–1986; Judge: 1986–1990)	Texas	term ended
Thomas Dickens^[219]	New York State Supreme Court (ret. 1984)	New York	deceased
Ursula Jones Dickson^[220]	Alameda County Superior Court (2013– )	California	active
Judith Nelson Dilday^[221]	Massachusetts Probate and Family Court Circuit (1993–2009)	Massachusetts	retired
William S. Diuguid^[81]	St. Louis Magistrates’ Court	Missouri	deceased
Bernice B. Donald^[222]	United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee (1995–2011); United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (2011–2023)	Tennessee	retired
Earnestine Hunt Dorse^[71]^[223]	Memphis City Court (1990– 2019)	Tennessee	retired
Dana Douglas^[224]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (2019–2022); United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (2022– )	Louisiana	active
Michael L. Douglas^[225]	Supreme Court of Nevada (2004–2019)	Nevada	retired
Willard H. Douglas Jr.^[226]	Richmond Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court (appt. 1974)	Virginia	retired
Gershwin A. Drain^[227]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (2012– )	Michigan	active
Allyson Kay Duncan^[228]	U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (2003–2019)	Virginia	retired
Robert Morton Duncan^[229]	Supreme Court of Ohio (1969–1971); United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (1971–1974); United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio (1974–1985)	Ohio	decreased
Shauna Dunnings^[230]	30th Circuit Court (2018– )	Michigan	active
Linda Marie Dunson^[231]	Harris County District Court (2019– )	Texas	active
Joseph E. Dyer^[232]	New York Domestic Relations Court	New York	deceased
Anita Earls^[233]	Supreme Court of North Carolina (2019– )	North Carolina	active
George Edgecomb^[234]	Hillsborough County Court (1973–1976)	Florida	deceased
Harry T. Edwards^[235]	United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1980– )	Washington, D.C.	active
Jerry Edwards Jr.^[236]	United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana (2023– )	Louisiana	active
Harry J. Elam^[237]	Boston Municipal Court	Massachusetts	deceased
Sara L. Ellis^[238]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2013– )	Illinois	active
Christina Elmore^[239]	17th Circuit Court (2019– )	Michigan	active
Morrison C. England Jr.^[240]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of California (2002– )	California	inactive
Richard Erwin^[241]	United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina (1980–2006)	North Carolina	deceased
Stacy Boulware Eurie^[242]	Sacramento County Superior Court (2017– )	California	active
Kelli Evans^[243]	California Supreme Court (2023– )	California	active
Stephen Everett^[244]	Florida Second Judicial Circuit (2019– )	Florida	active
Charles S. Farmer^[245]	Detroit Common Pleas Court (1961–1965); Wayne County Circuit Court (elec. 1965)	Michigan	deceased
Walter M. Farmer^[246]	St. Louis Municipal Court	Missouri	deceased
Charlye O. Farris^[247]	Special Wichita County Court (appt. 1954); Texas 78th District Court (1973)	Texas	deceased
Joseph Jerome Farris^[202]	United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (1979–2020)	Washington	deceased
Henry C. Ferguson^[248]	Chicago Municipal Court (elec. 1951)	Illinois	deceased
Marshall Ferguson^[27]	King County Superior Court (2018– )	Washington	active
Wilkie D. Ferguson^[249]	Florida Industrial Claims Court (1973–1977); 11th Judicial Circuit Court of Florida (1977–1981); Florida Third District Court of Appeal (1980–1993); United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (1993–2003)	Florida	deceased
Arthur S. Fickling^[250]	District of Columbia Court of Appeals (1968–1977)	Washington, D.C.	deceased
Bernard R. Fielding Sr.^[251]	Charleston County Probate Court (1976–1995)	South Carolina	lost reelection
Richard Fields^[252]	Riverside County Superior Court (Commissioner: 1991–2000; Judge: 2000–2017); California Fourth Appellate District (2017– )	California	active
Richard E. Fields^[253]	Charleston Municipal Court (1969–1980); South Carolina Circuit Court (1980–1992)	South Carolina	retired
Kelvin D. Filer^[254]	Los Angeles Municipal Court (Commissioner: 1993–2002); Los Angeles County Superior Court (2002– )	California	active
Toria J. Finch^[255]	Harris County Criminal Court at Law No. 9 (2019– )	Texas	active
Ernest A. Finney Jr.^[256]	Supreme Court of South Carolina (1985–2000)	South Carolina	retired
Arthur O. Fisher^[257]	Dayton Municipal Court (1961–1970); Montgomery County Common Pleas Court (Domestic Relations) (elec. 1970)	Ohio	deceased
Judith D. Ford^[258]	Alameda County Municipal Court (1982–1998); Alameda County Superior Court (1998–2002)	California	retired
Arthur Fisher^[259]	Dayton Municipal Court (1961–1970); Montgomery County Common Pleas Court (1970–1994)	Ohio	deceased
Lewis S. Flagg Jr.^[260]	Brooklyn Municipal Court (elect. 1953)	New York	deceased
James C. Flanigan^[261]	Denver District Court (elec. 1964)	Colorado	deceased
Charles E. Fleming^[262]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio (2022– )	Ohio	active
Andrea Flint^[263]	Santa Clara County Superior Court (2010– )	California	active
Marquette Floyd^[264]	Suffolk District Court (1969–1989); Supreme Court of New York (appt. 1989)	New York	retired
Geraldine Bledsoe Ford^[265]	Michigan Recorder's Court (1966–1998)	Michigan	deceased
John Thomas Fowlkes Jr.^[266]	United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee (2012– )	Tennessee	active
Ramona Franklin^[267]	Harris County District Court (2019– )	Texas	active
Robert V. Franklin Jr.^[268]	Toledo Municipal Court (appt. 1960); Lucas County Common Pleas Court (appt. 1968)	Ohio	deceased
Maame Ewusi-Mensah Frimpong^[269]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2015–2021); United States District Court for the Central District of California (2021– )	California	active
Shannon Frison^[270]	Massachusetts Superior Court (2013– )	Massachusetts	active
Arianna J. Freeman^[271]	United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (2022– )	Pennsylvania	active
Charles E. Freeman^[272]	Cook County Circuit Court (1976–1986); Illinois Supreme Court (1990–2018)	Illinois	retired
Juanita Freeman^[273]	Minnesota Tenth Judicial District (2018– )	Minnesota	active
Teneka Frost^[274]	Schenectady City Court (2018– )	New York	active
Henry Frye^[275]	North Carolina Supreme Court (1983–2001)	North Carolina	term ended
Fernando J. Gaitan Jr.^[276]	United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri (1991– )	Missouri	active
Leslie Abrams Gardner^[277]	United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia (2014– )	Georgia	active
Sherilyn Peace Garnett^[278]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2014–2022); United States District Court for the Central District of California (2022– )	California	active
Carla Garrett^[279]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2020– )	California	active
Ramona Garrett^[280]	Solano County Municipal Court (1992–1997); Solano County Superior Court (1997–2015)	California	retired
Darrin P. Gayles^[281]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (2014– )	Florida	active
John D. Geathers^[282]	South Carolina Court of Appeals (2008– )	South Carolina	active
Albert B. George^[283]	Illinois Municipal Courts (elec. 1924)	Illinois	deceased
Mifflin Wistar Gibbs^[284]	Little Rock Police Court (1873–1875)	Arkansas	deceased
Benjamin F. Gibson^[285]	United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan (1979–1999)	Michigan	retired
James T. Giles^[286]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (1979–2008)	Pennsylvania	retired
Patricia Tolliver Giles^[287]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (2021– )	Virginia	active
Earl Ben Gilliam^[288]	San Diego Municipal Court (1963–1975); San Diego County Superior Court (1975–1980); United States District Court for the Southern District of California (1980–2001)	California	deceased
Haywood Gilliam^[289]	United States District Court for the Northern District of California (2014– )	California	active
Vanessa Gilmore^[290]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (1994–2022)	Texas	retired
Walter H. Gladwin^[291]	Bronx Criminal Court	New York	deceased
Luther T. Glanton Jr.^[292]	Des Moines Municipal Court (1958–1973); Iowa District Court (1973–1985)	Iowa	retired
Robert D. Glass^[293]	Waterbury Superior Court (1978–1987); Supreme Court of Connecticut (1987–1992)	Connecticut	deceased
Carmen Julia Lynn Goodman^[294]	Illinois Twelfth Circuit Court (2007– )	Illinois	active
Edward Gourdin^[295]	Roxbury District Court (1951–1958); Massachusetts Superior Court (1958–1966)	Massachusetts	deceased
Donald L. Graham^[296]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (1991– )	Florida	active
Cy A. Grant Sr.^[297]	North Carolina District 6B Court (appt. 1989)	North Carolina	active
James E. Graves Jr.^[298]	Mississippi Supreme Court (2001–2011); United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (2011– )	Mississippi	active
Angela Graves-Harrington^[299]	246th District Court, Harris County (2019– )	Texas	active
Shauna Graves-Robertson^[300]	Salt Lake County Justice Court (1990– )	Utah	active
Lori Chambers Gray^[301]	Texas 262nd District Court (2019– )	Texas	active
Clifford Scott Green^[302]	Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County (1964–1971); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (1971–2007)	Pennsylvania	deceased
Nathaniel Green Jr.^[27]	King County District Court	Washington	active
Samuel L. Green^[303]	Buffalo City Court (1973–1978); Supreme Court of New York (1978–2016)	New York	retired
Joseph A. Greenaway Jr.^[304]	United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (1996–2010); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (2010–2023)	New Jersey	retired
Clayton Greene Jr.^[305]	Maryland Court of Appeals (2004–2019)	Maryland	retired
George Greene^[306]	Wake County Court (1974–1995)	North Carolina	deceased
Roger Gregory^[147]	United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (2000– )	Virginia	active
Jonathan J. C. Grey^[307]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (2021– )	Michigan	active
Maurice W. Grey^[81]	New York City Magistrates' Court	New York	deceased
Thomas L. Griffith^[308]	Los Angeles Municipal Court (1953–1968); Los Angeles Superior Court (1968–1972)	California	deceased
Lydia Kay Griggsby^[309]	United States Court of Federal Claims (2014–2021); United States District Court for the District of Maryland (2021– )	Maryland	active
Hubert Grimes^[310]	Florida 7th Judicial Circuit (1999–2013)	Florida	retired
Stephanie Grogan Jones^[311]	Solano County Superior Court (2019– )	California	active
Pamela Gutierrez^[312]	Maricopa County Justice of the Peace (2003–2007)	Alabama	deceased
Addeliar Dell Guy^[313]	Nevada Eighth Judicial District Court (1975–1996)	Nevada	deceased
Ancer L. Haggerty^[314]	Multnomah County District Court (1989–1990); Multnomah County Circuit Court (1990–1993); United States District Court for the District of Oregon (1994–2009)	Oregon	retired
Amos T. Hall^[315]	Tulsa County District Court (1969–1971)	Oklahoma	deceased
Phyllis J. Hamilton^[316]	U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (2001– )	California	active
George C. Hanks Jr.^[317]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (2015– )	Texas	active
Brenda Harbin-Forte^[318]	Alameda County Municipal Court (1992–1998); Alameda County Superior Court (1998–2019)	California	retired
Eddie Hardaway Jr.^[319]	Alabama Seventeenth Judicial District (1995– )	Alabama	active
Lisa White Hardwick^[320]	Missouri 16th Judicial Circuit (2000); Missouri Court of Appeals (2001– )	Missouri	active
Richard Harewood^[321]	Superior Court of Cook County (c. 1960)	Illinois	deceased
John R. Hargrove Sr.^[322]	District Court of Maryland for Baltimore City (1968–1974); Supreme Bench of Baltimore City (1974–1984); United States District Court for the District of Maryland (1984–1997)	Maryland	deceased
Lubbie Harper Jr.^[323]	Connecticut Superior Court (1997–2005); Connecticut Appellate Court (2005–2011); Connecticut Supreme Court (2011–2012)	Connecticut	retired
Nathaniel R. Harper^[324]	Louisville Court (appt. 1888)	Kentucky	deceased
Kevin D. Harrell^[325]	16th Judicial Circuit Court (2012– )	Missouri	active
Jeffrey L. Harris^[326]	Iowa District Court (1997– )	Iowa	active
Jesse S. Harris^[327]	District Court of Tulsa County (ret. 2014)	Oklahoma	retired
John W. Harvey^[81]	St. Louis Court	Missouri	deceased
Leroy R. Hassell Sr.^[328]	Supreme Court of Virginia (1989–2011)	Virginia	deceased
William H. Hastie^[329]	United States District Court of the Virgin Islands (1937–1939); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1949–1976)	United States Virgin Islands	deceased
Alcee Hastings^[330]	17th Judicial Circuit Court of Florida (1977–1979); United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (1979–1989)	Florida	impeached
Joseph W. Hatchett^[331]	Supreme Court of Florida (1975–1979); United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (1979–1981); United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (1981–1999)	Florida	retired
Terry J. Hatter Jr.^[332]	Los Angeles Superior Court (1977–1980); United States District Court for the Central District of California (1980– )	California	inactive
William Joseph Haynes Jr.^[333]	United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee (1984–2017)	Tennessee	retired
George J. Hazel^[334]	United States District Court for the District of Maryland (2014–2023)	Maryland	resigned
Harry Hazelwood^[335]	Newark Magistrates’ Court	New Jersey	deceased
Elliott Heard Jr.^[336]	Gloucester County Court (1984–1991)	New Jersey	deceased
Wanda Keyes Heard^[337]	Baltimore City Circuit Court, 8th Judicial Circuit (1999–2019)	Maryland	retired
Thelton Henderson^[338]	United States District Court for the Northern District of California (1980– )	California	inactive
William J. Hibbler^[339]	Illinois Circuit Court, Cook County (1986–1999); United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1999–2012)	Illinois	deceased
A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.^[340]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (1964–1977); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1977–1991); United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (1979–1986); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1990–1993)	Pennsylvania	deceased
Paul B. Higginbotham^[115]	Madison Municipal Court (1992–1994); Dane County Superior Court (1994–2003); Wisconsin Court of Appeals (2003–2017)	Wisconsin	retired
Kellie Hill^[341]	Cobb County’s Magistrate Court	New Jersey	active
Geraldine Hines^[342]	Massachusetts Superior Court (2001–2013); Massachusetts Appeals Court (2013–2014); Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (2014–2017)	Massachusetts	retired
Kelley B. Hodge^[343]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2022– )	Pennsylvania	active
Lisa Holder White^[344]	Illinois Sixth Judcicial Circuit Court (2001–2013); Illinois Fourth District Appellate Court (2013–2022); Illinois Supreme Court (2022–present)	Illinois	active
Cassandra Y. Holleman^[345]	Harris County Criminal Court at Law Texas No. 12 (2019)	Texas	deceased
Jerome A. Holmes^[346]	United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (2006– )	Oklahoma	active
Sharon Holmes^[347]	Tulsa County District Court (2014– )	Oklahoma	active
Charlene Honeywell^[348]	United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (2009– )	Florida	active
Denise Page Hood^[349]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (1994– )	Michigan	active
Benjamin Hooks^[350]	Shelby County Criminal Court (appt. 1965)	Tennessee	deceased
Jeffery P. Hopkins^[351]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio (1997– )	Ohio	active
Odell Horton^[352]	United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee (1980–2006)	Tennessee	deceased
Michele D. Hotten^[353]	Maryland Court of Special Appeals (2010–2015); Maryland Court of Appeals (2015– )	Maryland	active
John A. Houston^[354]	United States District Court for the Southern District of California (2003– )	California	active
Andrew J. Howard^[81]	District of Columbia Municipal Court	Washington, D.C.	deceased
George Howard Jr.^[355]	Arkansas Supreme Court (1977–1979); Arkansas Court of Appeals (1977–1980); United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas (1980–1990); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas (1980–2007)	Arkansas	deceased
John A. Howard^[356]	Elyria Municipal Court (1985–1998)	Ohio	retired
Joseph C. Howard Sr.^[357]	Supreme Bench of Baltimore City (1968–1979); United States District Court for the District of Maryland (1991–2000)	Maryland	deceased
Karen Aileen Howze^[358]	Superior Court of the District of Columbia (Magistrate Judge: appt. 2002)	Washington, D.C.	retired
Kenneth M. Hoyt^[359]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (1988– )	Texas	active
Mabel H. Hubbard^[360]	District Court of Maryland for Baltimore City (1981–1985); Circuit Court for Baltimore City (1985–1999)	Maryland	deceased
Natalie Hudson^[361]	Minnesota Court of Appeals (2002–2015); Minnesota Supreme Court (2015– )	Minnesota	active
William Clarence Hueston Sr.^[362]	Gary Magistrate Court (appt. 1924)	Indiana	deceased
Rufus C. Huffman Sr.^[363]	Bullock County Probate Court (1976–1994)	Alabama	deceased
Norma S. Huggins^[364]	King County Superior Court (1983–2000)	Washington	retired
Erica Hughes^[365]	Harris County Criminal Court at Law No. 3 (2019– )	Texas	active
John Hulett^[366]	Lowndes County Probate Court	Alabama	deceased
LaShonda A. Hunt^[367]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2023– )	Illinois	active
Clay E. Hunter^[368]	Canton Municipal Court	Ohio	deceased
Robert B. Hutson^[369]	Orange County Superior Court (1982–2010)	California	retired
Herbert J. Hutton^[370]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (1988–2007)	Pennsylvania	deceased
Todd D. Irby^[371]	Placer County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2017– )	California	active
Roderick L. Ireland^[372]	Boston Juvenile Court (1977–1990); Massachusetts Court of Appeals (1990–1997); Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (1997–2014)	Massachusetts	retired
Earlean Isaac^[373]	Greene County Probate Court (1989–2016)	Alabama	resigned
Brian Anthony Jackson^[374]	United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana (2010– )	Louisiana	active
Carol E. Jackson^[375]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (1992–2017)	Missouri	retired
Harrison S. Jackson^[376]	New York City Court	New York	deceased
Ketanji Brown Jackson^[377]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (2013–2021); United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia (2021–2022); Supreme Court of the United States (2022– )	Washington, D.C.	active
Maria T. Jackson^[378]	339th State District Court (2019– )	Texas	active
Perry B. Jackson^[379]	Cleveland Municipal Court (1942–1960); Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court (1960–1973)	Ohio	decreased
Raymond Alvin Jackson^[380]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (1993– )	Virginia	active
Candace Jackson-Akiwumi^[381]	United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (2021– )	Illinois	active
George E. James^[382]	Beaver County Court (1998–2007)	Pennsylvania	retired
Andrew L. Jefferson Jr.^[383]	Harris County Family District Court (1970–1973); Texas 208th District Court (1973–1975)	Texas	deceased
Bernard Jefferson^[384]	California Second District Court of Appeal (1975–1980)	California	deceased
Deadra L. Jefferson^[385]	South Carolina Circuit Court (2001– )	South Carolina	active
Edwin L. Jefferson^[386]	Los Angeles Municipal Court (1941–1949); Los Angeles Superior Court (1949–1961); California Second Appellate District (1961–1975)	California	deceased
Wallace B. Jefferson^[387]	Supreme Court of Texas (2001–2013)	Texas	resigned
Lindsay C. Jenkins^[388]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2023– )	Illinois	active
Martin Jenkins^[389]^[390]	Alameda County Municipal Court (1989–1992); Alameda County Superior Court (1992–1997); United States District Court—Northern (1997–2008); California First Appellate District (2008–2019); Supreme Court of California (appt. 2020)	California	active
Angela Jewell^[391]	New Mexico 2nd Judicial District Court (1996–2010)	New Mexico	retired
Tommy Jewell^[392]	Bernalillo County Metropolitan Court (1983–1991); New Mexico 2nd Judicial District Court (1991–2005)	New Mexico	retired
Z. Mae Jimison^[393]	Marion County Superior Court (1996–2002)	Indiana	deceased
Bernette Joshua Johnson^[394]	Louisiana Supreme Court (1994–2020)	Louisiana	retired
C. Anthony "Tony" Johnson^[395]	General Sessions Criminal Court	Tennessee	deceased
Clifton Johnson (jurist)^[396]	North Carolina Court of Appeals (1982–1996)	North Carolina	deceased
Golden E. Johnson^[397]	Newark Municipal Court (appt. 1974); Montclair Municipal Court	New Jersey	deceased
Joseph D. Johnson^[398]	Kansas Third Judicial District (2005–2018)	Kansas	deceased
Norma Holloway Johnson^[399]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1980–2003)	Washington, D.C.	retired
Shanice Johnson^[400]	Sixth Circuit Court (2021– )	Arkansas	active
Sterling Johnson Jr.^[401]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (1991–2022)	New York	deceased
Alesia Jones^[402]	Solano County Superior Court (2008– )	California	active
Bernard M. Jones^[403]	United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma (2015– )	Oklahoma	active
C. Darnell Jones II^[404]	First Judicial District of Pennsylvania (1987–2008); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2008– )	Pennsylvania	active
Charles W. Jones^[405]	Detroit Recorder’s Court (appt. 1950)	Michigan	deceased
DaSean Jones^[406]	Harris County District Court (2019– )	Texas	active
Gaynelle Griffin Jones^[407]	First Court of the Texas Courts of Appeals (1992–1993)	Texas	deceased
Jennifer L. Jones^[408]	Sedgwick County District Court (1992–2001); Wichita Municipal Court (2001– )	Kansas	active
Joscelyn Jones^[409]	Alameda County Superior Court (2020– )	California	active
Napoleon A. Jones Jr.^[410]	San Diego Municipal Court (1977–1982); San Diego County Superior Court (1982–1994); United States District Court for the Southern District of California (1994–2009)	California	deceased
Nathaniel R. Jones^[411]	United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (1979–2002)	Ohio	retired
Okla Jones II^[412]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (1994–1996)	Louisiana	deceased
Richard A. Jones^[413]	King County Superior Court (1994–2007); United States District Court for the Western District of Washington (2007– )	Washington	active
Sidney A. Jones^[414]	Cook County Circuit Court (1960–1980)	Illinois	deceased
Steve C. Jones^[415]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (2011– )	Georgia	active
Tierra Jones^[416]	Clark County District Court (2017– )	Nevada	active
Tonya Jones^[255]	Harris County Criminal Court at Law No. 15 (2019– )	Texas	active
Claudia Jordan^[417]	Denver County Court (1994–2014)	Colorado	retired
Robert E. Jourdan^[27]	Chelan County Superior Court (2021– )	Washington	active
J. Curtis Joyner^[418]	Chester County Court of Common Pleas for the 15th Judicial District of Pennsylvania (1987–1992); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (1992–2021)	Pennsylvania	retired
Maria Araújo Kahn^[419]	Connecticut Superior Court (2006–2017); Connecticut Appellate Court (2017); Supreme Court of Connecticut (2017–2023); United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (2023– )	Connecticut	active
Abdul Kallon^[420]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama (2010–2022)	Alabama	resigned
Michelle Kazadi^[118]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2021– )	California	active
Amalya Lyle Kearse^[421]	United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1979– )	New York	active
Damon Keith^[422]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (1967–1977); United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (1977–2019)	Michigan	deceased
Angel Kelley^[423]	Brockton District Court (2009–2013); Massachusetts Superior Court (2013–2021); United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (2021– )	Massachusetts	active
Cain James Kennedy^[424]	Mobile County Circuit Court (1979–1998)	Alabama	deceased
Henry H. Kennedy Jr.^[425]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1997– )	Washington, D.C.	inactive
James C. Kimbrough^[426]	Lake County Superior Court (1974–1987)	Indiana	deceased
Klinette H. Kindred^[427]	United States Bankruptcy Court Eastern District of Virginia (2017– )	Virginia	active
Kimberly Kiner^[428]	LaPorte Superior Court (Judge Pro Tem: appt. 2013)	Indiana	deceased
Alex Kinlaw Jr.^[429]	South Carolina Circuit Court (2018– )	South Carolina	active
David M. Krashna^[430]	Alameda County Municipal Court (Commissioner: 1992–1998); Alameda County Superior Court (Commissioner: 1998–2001; Judge: 2001–2015)	California	retired
Leondra Kruger^[431]	California Supreme Court (2015– )	California	active
William Francis Kuntz II^[432]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2011– )	New York	active
Gary L. Lancaster^[433]	United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (1987–2013)	Pennsylvania	deceased
Monique Langhorne^[434]	Napa County Superior Court (2019– )	California	active
Rick Lawrence^[435]	Maine District Court (2000– )	Maine	active
Alison Renee Lee^[436]	South Carolina Fifth Judicial Circuit (1999– )	South Carolina	active
Amarra A. Lee^[437]	San Mateo Superior Court (2018– )	California	active
Eunice C. Lee^[438]	United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (2021– )	New York	active
Gerald Bruce Lee^[439]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (1998–2017)	Virginia	retired
Helen Shores Lee^[440]	Jefferson County Circuit Court (2003–2017)	Alabama	deceased
Ida Leggett^[441]	Idaho Second District Court (1992–1998)	Idaho	resigned
George N. Leighton	Circuit Court of Cook County (1964–1969); First District Appellate Court of Illinois (1969–1976); United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1976–1987)	Illinois	deceased
Ivan L. R. Lemelle^[442]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (1984– )	Louisiana	active
John T. Letts^[443]	Grand Rapids Municipal Court (elect. 1959); Kent County District Court (elect. 1967)	Michigan	deceased
Ola M. Lewis^[444]	North Carolina 13th Judicial District (appt. 1993)	North Carolina	deceased
Timothy K. Lewis^[445]	United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (1991–1992); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1992–1999)	Pennsylvania	resigned
Reginald C. Lindsay^[446]	United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (1993–2009)	Massachusetts	deceased
Sam A. Lindsay^[447]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas (1998– )	Texas	active
Joe O. Littlejohn^[448]	San Diego County Superior Court (1995–2006)	California	retired
Melony Lockwood^[449]	Alaska Fourth Judicial District (2017– )	Alaska	active
Steven Logan^[450]	United States District Court for the District of Arizona (2014– )	Arizona	active
Raymond Lohier^[451]	United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (2010– )	New York	active
James L. Long^[452]	Sacramento County Superior Court (app. 1982)	California	retired
Mary Johnson Lowe^[453]	New York City Criminal Court (1971–1973); New York County Supreme Court (1973–1974); Bronx County Supreme Court (1975–1976); Supreme Court of New York (1977–1978); United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (1978–1991)	New York	deceased
Alice A. Lytle^[454]	Sacramento Municipal Court (1983–1998); Sacramento County Superior Court (1998–2002)	California	deceased
Conrad Mallett Jr.^[455]	Michigan Supreme Court (1990–1998)	Michigan	retired
William A. Mallory^[456]	Hamilton County Municipal Court (1993–2006; 2011– ); Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas (2006–2009) Hamilton County First District Court of Appeals (2009–2011)	Ohio	active
Mercer M. Mance^[457]	Marion County Superior Court (1958–1978)	Indiana	deceased
Robert J. Mangum^[458]	New York State Court of Claims (appt. 1971)	New York	deceased
Blanche M. Manning^[459]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1994–2020)	Illinois	deceased
L. Casey Manning^[460]	South Carolina Circuit Court (1994– )	South Carolina	active
Jeralynn Manor^[461]	Harris County District Court (2021– )	Texas	active
Calvin Mapp^[462]	Miami-Dade County Court (1973–1994)	Florida	deceased
Algenon L. Marbley^[463]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio (1997– )	Ohio	active
Consuelo Bland Marshall^[464]	United States District Court for the Central District of California (1980– )	California	inactive
Thurgood Marshall^[465]	United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1961–1965); Supreme Court of the United States (1967–1991)	Washington, D.C.	deceased
Janice R. Martin^[466]	Kentucky District Court (1993–2009)	Kentucky	retired
Joshua W. Martin III^[467]	Superior Court of Delaware (2013– )	Delaware	active
Andrew Mason^[168]	Clayton County Superior Court	Georgia	active
Rhonda Mason^[468]	Johnson County Court (2016– )	Kansas	active
Andre Mathis^[469]	United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (2022– )	Tennessee	active
Albert Matthews^[470]	Los Angeles Superior Court (Assigned Judge: appt. 1993)	California	deceased
James Campbell Matthews^[471]	Albany, New York Recorder's Court (1896–1899)	New York	deceased
Stephen L. Maxwell^[472]	Minnesota 2nd Judicial District Court (1967–1987)	Minnesota	deceased
Mabel Mayfield^[473]	Berrien County Courts (2000– )	Michigan	active
William E. McAnulty Jr.^[474]	Jefferson County District Court (1977–1980; 1983–1990; 1993–1998); Kentucky Court of Appeals (1998–2006); Supreme Court of Kentucky (2006–2007)	Kentucky	deceased
Mark A. McCannon^[475]	Alameda County Superior Court (2013– )	California	active
Jesse McClure^[476]	339th District Court (2019–2020); Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (2021–)	Texas	active
LaRonda J. McCoy^[477]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2017– )	California	active
Kari McCrea^[478]	Alaska Third Judicial District (2017– )	Alaska	active
Wade McCree Jr.^[479]	Wayne County Circuit Court (2018– )	Michigan	active
Joe Billy McDade^[480]	Tenth Judicial Circuit, State of Illinois (1982–1991); United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois (1991– )	Illinois	active
Gabrielle Kirk McDonald^[481]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (1979–1988)	Texas	resigned
Odell McGhee, II^[482]	Iowa District Court (2002– )	Iowa	active
Theodore McKee^[483]	Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas (1984–1994); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1994– )	Pennsylvania	active
Kevin McKeever^[484]	Iowa District Court (2015– )	Iowa	active
Elwood S. McKenney^[485]	Roxbury District Court (appt. 1960)	Massachusetts	deceased
Patricia McKinley^[486]	Bay District Municipal Court District (1982–1986)	California	deceased
Theodore McMillian^[487]	United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (1978–2006)	Missouri	deceased
Brandy R. McMillion^[488]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (2023– )	Michigan	active
Tyrone Medley^[489]	Utah Fifth Circuit Court (1984–1992); Utah Third Circuit Court (1992–2012)	Utah	retired
Cordell D. Meeks Sr.^[490]	Wyandotte County District Court (1972–1980)	Kansas	deceased
Alfonza Menefee^[491]	Macon County Probate Court (1988–2019)^[492]	Alabama	retired
Orelia Merchant^[493]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2023– )	New York	active
Natasha C. Merle	United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2023– )	New York	active
Stephan P. Mickle^[494]	Alachua County Court (1979–1984); Florida Eighth Judicial Circuit (1984–1992); Florida First District Court of Appeal (1993–1998); United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida (1998–2021)	Florida	deceased
Vicki Miles-LaGrange^[495]	United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma (1994– )	Oklahoma	inactive
Brian Stacy Miller^[496]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas (2008– )	Arkansas	active
Sheila Miller^[497]	41B District Court (2006–2010)	Michigan	retired
Herbert E. Millin^[498]	Philadelphia Municipal Court (appt. 1947)	Pennsylvania	deceased
Toni Y. Mims-Cochran^[499]	Alameda County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2016– )	California	active
Cameron Mitchell^[500]	Benton-Franklin Superior Court (2004– )	Washington	deceased
Irvin C. Mollison^[501]	United States Customs Court (1945–1962)	New York	deceased
Tamika Montgomery–Reeves^[502]	Delaware Court of Chancery (2015–2019); Supreme Court of Delaware (2019–2023); United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (2023– )	Delaware	active
Vershenia Ballance Moody^[503]	Illinois 6th Judicial District (2012– )	Illinois	active
Herman E. Moore^[504]	United States District Court of the Virgin Islands (1939–1957)	United States Virgin Islands	deceased
Lester V. Moore^[505]	Norfolk Juvenile and Domestic District Court (1976–1997)	Virginia	deceased
Michelle Moore^[506]	314th District Court (2019– )	Texas	active
Raymond P. Moore^[507]	United States District Court for the District of Colorado (2013– )	Colorado	active
Terry F. Moorer^[508]	United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama (2007–2018); United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama (2018– )	Alabama	active
Michael R. Morgan^[509]	Supreme Court of North Carolina (2016– )	North Carolina	active
Ernest Nathan Morial^[510]	Louisiana Juvenile Court (1970–1974); Louisiana Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal (1974–1977)	Louisiana	deceased
Brittanye Morris^[511]	Harris County District Court (2021– )	Texas	active
Carl W. Morris^[512]	Alameda County Municipal Court (1988–1993); Alameda County Superior Court (1993–2012)	California	retired
Denise Langford Morris^[513]	Oakland County Circuit Court (2001– )	Michigan	active
Elizabeth Morris^[514]	Anne Arundel County Circuit Court (2018– )	Maryland	active
Angil Morris-Jones^[515]^[516]	Merced County Superior Court (appt. 1997)	California	retired or lost reelection
Franklin Morton Jr.^[517]	New York Municipal Court (appt. 1958); New York State Supreme Court (elect. 1969)	New York	deceased
Constance Baker Motley^[518]	United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (1966–2005)	New York	deceased
Harriet Mitchell Murphy^[519]	Austin Municipal Court (1973–1993)	Texas	retired
Richard E. Myers II^[520]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina (2019– )	North Carolina	active
Julien Neals^[521]	United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (2021– )	New Jersey	active
Adrienne Nelson^[522]	Multnomah County Circuit Court (2006–2018); Supreme Court of Oregon (2018–2023); United States District Court for the District of Oregon (2023– )	Oregon	active
David Sutherland Nelson^[523]	Massachusetts Superior Court (1973–1979); United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (1979–1998)	Massachusetts	deceased
P. Scott Neville Jr.^[524]	Illinois Supreme Court (2018– )	Illinois	active
Irma Newburn^[525]	Oklahoma Fifth Judicial Circuit (2016– )	Oklahoma	active
Clifton B. Newman^[526]	South Carolina Circuit Court (2000– )	South Carolina	active
Jocelyn Newman^[527]	South Carolina Circuit Court (2016– )	South Carolina	active
Tara L. Newman^[528]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2021– )	California	active
Robert N. C. Nix Jr.^[529]	Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (1972–1996)	Pennsylvania	deceased
Troy L. Nunley^[530]	Sacramento County Superior Court (2002–2012); United States District Court for the Eastern District of California (2013– )	California	active
Jimmy Nunn^[531]	Dallas County Probate Court (2018– )	Alabama	active
Edirin Okoloko^[532]	Snohomish County Superior Court (2020– )	Washington	active
Eileen A. Olds^[533]	Chesapeake Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (1995–2019)	Virginia	retired
Solomon Oliver Jr.^[534]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio (1994– )	Ohio	active
Vernon D. Oliver^[535]	Connecticut Superior Court (2009–2023); United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (2023– )	Connecticut	active
Dayo O. Onanubosi^[536]	Idaho Third Judicial District (2009– )	Idaho	active
Revius Ortique Jr.^[537]	Supreme Court of Louisiana (elec. 1992)	Louisiana	deceased
Alexis Otis-Lewis^[538]	St. Clair County Court (1992–2009)	Illinois	retired
Jalilah Otto^[539]	Jackson County Circuit Court (2017– )	Missouri	active
Morris Overstreet^[540]	Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (1991–1999)	Texas	term ended
Charles L. Owens^[541]	Oklahoma County District Court (1968–1998)	Oklahoma	deceased
Alan Page^[542]	Supreme Court of Minnesota (1993–2015)	Minnesota	retired
Myles Paige^[543]	New York City Criminal Court (1939–1956); Domestic Relations Court (1958–1966)	New York	deceased
Wilma Palmer^[544]	Tulsa County District Court (2007– )	Oklahoma	active
Darrel J. Papillion^[545]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (2023– )	Louisiana	active
Barrington D. Parker^[546]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1969–1993)	Washington, D.C.	death
Barrington D. Parker Jr.^[547]	United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (1994–2001); United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (2001– )	New York	active
Gerald Parker^[548]	Montgomery County Common Pleas Court (2019– )	Ohio	active
Linda Vivienne Parker^[549]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (2014– )	Michigan	active
James Benton Parsons^[550]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1961–1993)	Illinois	deceased
Thomas H. Parrott^[551]^[552]	Los Angeles Superior Court (Commissioner: 1990–2006)	California	retired
Cecil B. Patterson Jr.^[553]	Maricopa County Superior Court (1980–1991); Arizona First Appellate Court (1995–2003)	Arizona	retired
Gary D. Payne^[554]	Fayette County Court (1988–2011)	Kentucky	retired
Latosha Lewis Payne^[555]	Harris County District Court (2019– )	Texas	active
Sandra Peake^[556]	Harris County District Court (2019– )	Texas	active
Benita Y. Pearson^[557]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio (2008– )	Ohio	active
John Garrett Penn^[558]	District of Columbia Court of General Sessions (1970–1971); Superior Court of the District of Columbia (1971–1979); United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1979–2007)	Washington, D.C.	deceased
Mia Roberts Perez^[559]	Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas (2016–2022); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2022– )	Pennsylvania	active
James E.C. Perry^[560]	Florida 18th Judicial Circuit (1999–2009); Supreme Court of Florida (2009–2016)	Florida	retired
Matthew J. Perry^[561]	United States Court of Military Appeals (1976–1979); United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (1979–2011)	South Carolina	deceased
Fredericka Phillips^[562]	Harris County District Court (2016– )	Texas	active
Vel Phillips^[563]	Milwaukee County Circuit Court (1971–1978)	Wisconsin	deceased
Kenneth A. Phipps^[564]	Criminal Court of the City of New York (1958–1968)	New York	deceased
Risë Jones Pichon^[565]	Santa Clara Municipal Court (Commissioner: 1983–1984; Judge 1984–1998); Santa Clara Superior Court (1998–2019)	California	retired
Juan Pickett^[566]	Louisiana 32nd Judicial District (2014– )	Louisiana	active
Lawrence W. Pierce^[567]	United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (1971–1981); United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1981–1995)	New York	retired
Victor Pippins Jr.^[568]	San Diego County Superior Court (2020– )	California	active
Freddy Pitcher Jr.^[569]	Louisiana 19th Judicial District Court; Louisiana First Circuit Court of Appeal	Louisiana	retired
Elizabeth Davis Pittman^[570]	Omaha Municipal Court (1971–1986)	Nebraska	deceased
Donald F. Pitts^[571]	Los Angeles Superior Court (appt. 1984)	California	retired
Marlon Polk^[572]	Fourth Judicial District Court (2005– )	Nebraska	active
Cecil F. Poole^[573]	United States District Court for the Northern District of California (1976–1980); United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (1979–1997)	California	deceased
David M. Porter^[574]	Iowa District Court (2015– )	Iowa	active
John D. Posten^[575]	United States District Court for the District of Montana (United States Commissioner: 1893–1917)	Montana	deceased
Cleo Powell^[576]	Virginia Court of Appeals (2008–2011); Supreme Court of Virginia (2011– )	Virginia	active
Tanya Walton Pratt^[577]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana (2010– )	Indiana	active
William A. Price^[578]	Justice of the Peace for Matagorda (appt. 1872)	Texas	deceased
John E. Prim^[579]	Seattle Municipal Court (Judge pro tem: appt. 1954)	Washington	deceased
Doris Pryor^[580]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana (2018–2022); United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (2022– )	Indiana	active
Jason K. Pulliam^[581]	Texas Fourth Court of Appeals (2015–2016); United States District Court for the Western District of Texas (2019– )	Texas	active
Rudolph R. Pyle III^[582]	Madison County Circuit Court (2009–2012); Indiana Court of Appeals (2012– )	Indiana	active
William D. Quarles Jr.^[583]	United States District Court for the District of Maryland (2003–2016)	Maryland	retired
Peggy Quince^[584]	Supreme Court of Florida (1999–2019)	Florida	retired
Henry Ramsey Jr.^[585]	Alameda County Superior Court (1981–1990)	California	deceased
Murlene J. Randle^[586]	San Francisco County Superior Court (2020– )	California	active
Robin Ransom^[587]	St. Louis County Family Court (2002–2008); 22nd Judicial Circuit Court (2008–2018); Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District (2019–2021); Missouri Supreme Court (2021–present)	Missouri	active
Nusrat Rashid^[588]	Delaware County Court of Common Pleas (2019– )	Pennsylvania	active
Monique F. Rauls^[589]	Louisiana 9th Judicial District Court (2015– )	Louisiana	active
Johnnie B. Rawlinson^[590]	United States District Court for the District of Nevada (1998–2000); United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (2000– )	Nevada	active
Thomas J. Reddick Jr.^[591]	Broward County Court of Record; Florida Circuit Court	Florida	deceased
Carlton W. Reeves^[592]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi (2010– )	Mississippi	active
Dawna F. Reeves^[593]	Stanislaus County Superior Court (2008– )	California	active
Sheldon K. Rennie^[594]	Superior Court of Delaware (2018– )	Delaware	active
Gloria Clark Reno^[595]	Missouri 21st Judicial Circuit (2002– )	Missouri	active
Dianne Renwick^[596]	New York City Civil Court (1977–2001); New York Supreme Court (2001–2008); Supreme Court, First Judicial Department (2008– )	New York	active
Edward A. Reid^[597]	Camden County Domestic Relations Court (appt. 1956)	New Jersey	deceased
Robert L. Reid^[598]^[599]	Las Vegas Alternate Municipal Court (appt. 1966-1970) Justice of the Peace for Las Vegas Township (1970– )	Nevada	active^[600]
Scoval Richardson^[601]	United States Customs Court (1957–1980); United States Court of International Trade (1980–1982)	New York	deceased
Tony L. Richardson^[602]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2012– )	California	active
Moxey Rigby^[603]	Nassau County District Court (elect. 1959)	New York	deceased
Elizabeth Riggs^[604]	San Diego Superior Court (1979–2011)	California	deceased
Frances E. Rivers^[605]	New York City Court (1943–1963)	New York	deceased
Andree Layton Roaf^[606]	Arkansas Supreme Court (1995–1996); Arkansas Court of Appeals (1996–2006)	Arkansas	retired
Richard W. Roberts^[607]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1998– )	Washington, D.C.	inactive
Terrie E. Roberts^[608]	San Diego County Superior Court (2019– )	California	active
Victoria A. Roberts^[609]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (1998–2023)	Michigan	retired
Alfred S. Robbins^[610]	New York State Supreme Court (appt. 1979)	New York	deceased
Aubrey Eugene Robinson Jr.^[611]	Juvenile Court of the District of Columbia (1965–1966); United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1966–2000)	Washington, D.C.	deceased
G. Bruce Robinson^[612]	Boston Juvenile Court (appt. 1948)	Massachusetts	deceased
Julie Robinson^[613]	United States District Court for the District of Kansas (2001– )	Kansas	active
Richard A. Robinson^[614]	Connecticut Supreme Court (2013– )	Connecticut	active
Spottswood William Robinson III^[615]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1964–1966); United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1966–1998)	Washington, D.C.	deceased
Stephen C. Robinson^[616]	United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2003–2010)	New York	resigned
Edward Rodgers^[617]	Palm Beach County Court (1973–1995)	Florida	deceased
Dawn Rogers^[618]	Harris County District Court (2021– )	Texas	active
Judith Ann Wilson Rogers^[619]	District of Columbia Court of Appeals (1983–1994); United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1994– )	Washington, D.C.	active
Eleanor L. Ross^[620]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (2014– )	Georgia	active
Joseph D. Roulhac^[621]	Akron Municipal Court (1967–1987)	Ohio	deceased
Robert D. Rucker^[622]	Supreme Court of Indiana (1999–2017)	Indiana	retired
George Lewis Ruffin^[623]	Municipal Court, Charlestown District (appt. 1883)	Massachusetts	deceased
John "Jack" H. Ruffin Jr.^[624]	Georgia Court of Appeals (1994–2008)	Georgia	deceased
George L. Russell Jr.^[625]	Supreme Bench of Baltimore (1966–1968)	Maryland	retired
George L. Russell III^[626]	Maryland Circuit Court, Baltimore City (2007–2012); United States District Court for the District of Maryland (2012– )	Maryland	active
Edith S. Sampson^[627]	Municipal Court of Chicago (1962–1966); Circuit Court of Cook County (1966–1978)	Illinois	deceased
James B. Sanderlin^[628]	Pinellas County Court (1972–1985); Florida District Court of Appeals (1985–1987)	Florida	deceased
Willie Louis Sands^[629]	United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia (1994– )	Georgia	inactive
Anita L. Santos^[630]	Contra Costa County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2012–2014; Judge: 2014– )	California	active
Ruth Sconiers^[631]	Buffalo City Court (1987–1993); New York Supreme Court 8th Judicial District (1993–2010); New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Fourth Department (2010–2016)	New York	retired
Calvin L. Scott Jr.^[632]	Superior Court of Delaware (2003– )	Delaware	active
Elisha Scott^[633]^[634]	Michigan Department of Labor	Michigan	deceased
Gregory Kellam Scott^[635]	Colorado Supreme Court (1992–2000)	Colorado	resigned
Kai Scott^[636]	Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas (2015–2022); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2022– )	Pennsylvania	active
Mary Stenson Scriven^[637]	United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (2008– )	Florida	active
Renard F. Shepard^[638]	Sacramento County Municipal Court (1998–1998); Sacramento County Superior Court (1998– )	California	retired
Leah Ward Sears^[639]	Fulton County Superior Court (1988–1992); Supreme Court of Georgia (1992–2009)	Georgia	resigned
Myra C. Selby^[640]	Indiana Supreme Court (1995–1999)	Indiana	retired
Jamel K. Semper^[641]	United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (2023– )	New Jersey	active
Phyllis Senegal^[642]	Lake County Superior Court (appt. 1975)	Indiana	deceased
Margaret B. Seymour^[643]	United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (1996–2022)	South Carolina	retired
Charles Alexander Shaw^[304]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (1993–2020)	Missouri	deceased
Leander J. Shaw Jr.^[628]	Florida District Courts of Appeal (1979–1983); Supreme Court of Florida (1983–2003)	Florida	deceased
Phrasel L. Shelton^[644]	San Mateo Municipal Court (1976–1988); San Mateo County Superior Court (1988–2004)	California	deceased
Rod Shelton^[448]	San Diego County Superior Court (2007– )	California	active
Michael A. Shipp^[645]	United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (2007– )	New Jersey	active
Benjamin Shobe^[646]	Jefferson County Circuit Court (1976–1992)	Kentucky	deceased
Paul Allen Simmons^[647]	United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (1978–2014)	Pennsylvania	deceased
James E. Simmons Jr.^[648]	San Diego County Superior Court (2017–2023); United States District Court for the Southern District of California (2023– )	California	active
Leah Simms^[649]	Dade County Superior Court (appt. 1981)	Florida	retired
Sandra A. Simms^[650]	Oahu Circuit Court (1991–2004)	Hawaii	retired
Frederick Wayman "Duke" Slater^[651]	Cook County Superior Court (appt. 1960)	Illinois	deceased
Fred W. Slaughter^[652]	Orange County Superior Court (2014–2022); United States District Court for the Central District of California (2022– )	California	active
Gregory M. Sleet^[653]	United States District Court for the District of Delaware (1998–2018)	Delaware	retired
Charles Smiley^[654]	Alameda County Superior Court (Commissioner: 2007–2012; Judge: 2012– )	California	active
Charles Z. Smith^[655]	Supreme Court of Washington (1998–2002)	Washington	deceased
Erithe A. Smith^[656]	U.S. Bankruptcy Court—Central (1994– )	California	active
George Bundy Smith^[657]	New York Appellate Division, First Department (1987–1992)	New York	retired
Karla Smith^[658]	Montgomery District Court (2012– )	Maryland	active
Lavenski Smith^[659]	Arkansas Supreme Court (1999–2000); United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (2002– )	Arkansas	active
Lori K. Smith^[27]	Washington Court of Appeals (2018– )	Washington	active
Lynne H. Smith^[602]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2012– )	California	active
Micah W. J. Smith^[660]	United States District Court for the District of Hawaii (2024– )	Hawaii	designate
Otis M. Smith^[661]	Michigan Supreme Court (1961–1966)	Michigan	deceased
Rodney Smith^[662]	Miami-Dade County Court (2008–2012); Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court of Florida (2012–2019); United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (2019– )	Florida	active
Doris Smith-Ribner^[663]	Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court (1987–2009)	Pennsylvania	retired
Joe Somers^[664]	Champaign County Court (elec. 1961)	Illinois	deceased
Theodore O. Spaulding^[665]	Pennsylvania Superior Court (appt. 1966)	Pennsylvania	deceased
James R. Spencer^[666]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (1986–2017)	Virginia	retired
Vaino Spencer^[667]	California Second Appellate District (1980–2007)	California	deceased
Erica Standfield Brandon^[668]	North Carolina 17A Judicial District (2019– )	North Carolina	active
Booker T. Stephens^[669]	Eighth Judicial Circuit, McDowell County (c. 1985–2019)	West Virginia	retired
William H. Stephens^[670]	Marin County Superior Court	California	retired
Barry Stevens^[671]	Superior Court of Connecticut	Connecticut	active
Harold A. Stevens^[672]	New York Court of General Sessions (1950–1955); New York Supreme Court (1955–1974); New York Court of Appeals (1974–1977)	New York	deceased
Carl E. Stewart^[673]	United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (1994– )	Louisiana	active
LaToyia Jenkins Stewart^[674]	Passaic County Superior Court (2017– )	New Jersey	active
Melody J. Stewart^[675]	Ohio 8th District Court of Appeals (2006–2019); Supreme Court of Ohio (2019– )	Ohio	active
Charles M. Stokes^[676]	King County District Court (1968–1978)	Washington	deceased
Jesse N. Stone^[677]	Supreme Court of Louisiana (1972–1974)	Louisiana	term ended
William Stone^[678]	Williamsburg-James City County Court (1968–1998)	Virginia	deceased
Rita L. Stotts^[71]	Circuit Court in the Shelby County (2000–2009)	Tennessee	deceased
Juanita Kidd Stout^[679]	Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (1988–1989)	Pennsylvania	deceased
Diane Clarke Streett^[680]	Superior Court of Delaware (2010– )	Delaware	active
Emmet G. Sullivan^[681]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1994– )	Washington, D.C.	active
Laura Taylor Swain^[682]	United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2000– )	New York	active
V. Raymond Swope	San Mateo County Superior Court (2010– )	California	active
Daphne Sykes^[683]	Orange County Superior Court (2010 – )	California	active
Germaine J. Tanner^[684]	Harris County District Court (2019– )	Texas	active
Jack Edward Tanner^[685]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington (1978); United States District Court for the Western District of Washington (1978–1991; 1991–2006)	Washington	deceased
Anna Diggs Taylor^[686]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (1979–2017)	Michigan	deceased
Tricia Taylor^[687]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2019– )	California	active
Wilford Taylor Jr.^[688]	Hampton District Court (appt. 1995)	Virginia	deceased
Darwin W. Telesiord^[689]	New York State Supreme Court, First Judicial District (elect. 1964)	New York	deceased
Clarence Thomas^[690]	United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1990–1991); Supreme Court of the United States (1991– )	Washington, D.C.	active
Holly A. Thomas^[691]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2018–2022); United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (2022– )	California	active
John Charles Thomas^[692]	Supreme Court of Virginia (1983–1989)	Virginia	resigned
Lawton E. Thomas^[693]	Negro Municipal Court (appt. 1950; court has since disbanded)	Florida	deceased
Roderick B. Thomas^[694]	Dallas County Criminal Court (1874)	Alabama	deceased
Lauren Thomasson^[695]	San Joaquin County Superior Court (2005– )	California	active
Alvin W. Thompson^[696]	United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (1994– )	Connecticut	inactive
Anne Elise Thompson^[697]	United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (1979–2001)	New Jersey	retired
Emerson R. Thompson Jr.^[698]	Orange County Court (1976–1980); Ninth Judicial Circuit Court (1980–1993); Florida 5th Judicial Court (1993–2019)	Florida	retired
Myron Herbert Thompson^[699]	United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama (1980– )	Alabama	inactive
Ojetta Rogeriee Thompson^[700]	United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (2010– )	Rhode Island	active
Patrick S. Thompson^[701]	San Francisco County Superior Court (2022– )	California	active
Trina Thompson^[702]	Alameda County Superior Court (2003–2022); United States District Court for the Northern District of California (2022– )	California	active
Willie Thompson^[703]	Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department (ret. 2001)	New York	deceased
Sherry M. Thompson-Taylor^[701]	San Diego County Superior Court (2022– )	California	active
C. Elliott Thornton^[704]	Harris County District Court (2021– )	Texas	active
Patricia Timmons-Goodson^[705]	North Carolina Supreme Court (2006–2012)	North Carolina	resigned
Patricia Titus^[706]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2000– )	California	active
Demetrica Todd-Ruiz^[707]	Vineland Municipal Court (2017– )	New Jersey	active
Shirley Tolentino^[708]	Jersey City Municipal Court (1976–1984); New Jersey Superior Court (1984–2010)	New Jersey	deceased
Charles H. Toliver IV^[709]	Superior Court of Delaware (1990–2014)	Delaware	retired
Analisa Torres^[710]	New York City Criminal Court (2000–2002); New York City Civil Court (2003–2004); New York Supreme Court (2004–2013); United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2013– )	New York	active
Faya Ora Rose Touré^[711]	Alabama Municipal Courts (1973–1977)	Alabama	resigned
Sandra L. Townes^[712]	City Court of Syracuse (1988–1999); Fifth Judicial District New York Supreme Court (2000–2004); 2nd Judicial Department of the New York State Supreme Court (2001–2004); United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (2004–2018)	New York	deceased
Randa Trapp^[713]	San Diego County Superior Court (ret. 2021)	California	retired
Marcus O. Tucker^[714]	Long Beach Municipal Court (appt. 1976–1985); Los Angeles Superior Court (1985–2004)	California	deceased
Petrese B. Tucker^[37]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2000– )	Pennsylvania	active
Jasmine Twitty^[715]	Easley Municipal Court (2015– )	South Carolina	active
Ralph E. Tyson^[716]	United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana (1998–2011)	Louisiana	deceased
Franklin U. Valderrama^[717]	Circuit Court of Cook County (2007–2020); United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2020– )	Illinois	active
Leo Valentine Jr.^[718]	San Diego Municipal Court (1995–1998); San Diego County Superior Court (1998–2019)	California	retired
Holly Veal^[168]	Henry County Superior Court (Flint Judicial Circuit)	Georgia	active
Teresa Vincent^[719]	Guilford County District Court (2019– )	North Carolina	active
Joseph Cornelius Waddy^[720]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia.(1967–1978)	Washington, D.C.	deceased
Herman G. Walker^[721]	Superior Court of Alaska-Anchorage (2015– )	Alaska	active
Jamar K. Walker^[722]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (2023– )	Virginia	active
Toni Wallace^[723]	Fort Bend County Court at Law No.5 (2016– )	Texas	active
William H. Walls^[724]	United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (1994–2019)	New Jersey	deceased
Reggie Walton^[725]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (2001– ); United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (2007–2014)	Washington, D.C.	active
Horace Ward^[726]	Fulton County Civil Court (1974–1977); Superior Court of Fulton County (1977–1979); United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (1979–2016)	Georgia	retired
James Ware^[727]	United States District Court for the Northern District of California (1990–2012)	California	retired
Joyce Elise Williams Warren^[728]	Pulaski County Juvenile Court (1983–1990); Arkansas Sixth Judicial District (1991– )	Arkansas	active
Lisa R. Washington^[729]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2020– )	California	active
Pamela Scott Washington^[730]	Alaska District Court (2017– )	Alaska	active
Paul J. Watford^[731]	United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (2012–2023)	California	resigned
James Lopez Watson^[732]	United States Customs Court (1966–1980); United States Court of International Trade (1980–2001)	New York	deceased
Robert B. Watts^[733]	Baltimore Municipal Court (appt. 1960); Supreme Bench of Baltimore City (1968–1985)	Maryland	deceased
Gerald Webb^[734]	Hamilton County General Sessions Court (2019– )	Tennessee	active
E. Gregory Wells^[735]	Maryland Court of Special Appeals (2019– )	Maryland	active
Ryan Wells^[156]	Fresno County Superior Court (2021– )	California	active
Briana Westry-Robinson^[736]	Wilcox County District Court (2017– )	Alabama	active
Nancy Cornelia Wheeler (formerly Francis)^[737]	Washtenaw County Trial Court (1990–2014)	Michigan	retired
Charles W. White^[738]	Court of Common Pleas (appt. 1955)	Ohio	deceased
George Washington White^[739]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio (1980–2011)	Ohio	deceased
Maxine White^[740]	Milwaukee County Court (1992– )	Wisconsin	active
Ronnie L. White^[487]	Supreme Court of Missouri (1995–2007); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (2014– )	Missouri	active
Jamal Whitehead^[741]	United States District Court for the Western District of Washington (2023– )	Washington	active
Helen Whitener^[742]	Pierce County Superior Court (2015–2020); Washington Supreme Court (2020– )	Washington	active
Marshall I. Whitley^[743]	Alameda County Municipal Court (1993–1998); Alameda County Superior Court (1998–2013)	California	retired
Tadia Whitner^[744]	Gwinnett County Superior Court (2019– )	Georgia	active
Susan D. Wigenton^[745]	United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (2006– )	New Jersey	active
Alton W. Wiley Sr.^[746]	Rhode Island District Court (1981–1991); Rhode Island Superior Court (appt. 1991)	Rhode Island	retired
Monica Wiley^[747]	San Francisco County Superior Court (2009– )	California	active
Henry "Hank" Wilkins IV^[748]	Jefferson County Court (2017– )	Arkansas	active
Robert L. Wilkins^[749]	United States District Court for the District of Columbia (2010–2014); United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (2014– )	Washington, D.C.	active
Alexander Williams Jr.^[750]	United States District Court for the District of Maryland (1994–2014)	Maryland	retired
Ann Claire Williams^[751]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1985–1999); United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (1999–2018)	Illinois	retired
Arthur G. Williams^[81]	Madison Circuit Court	Connecticut	deceased
David W. Williams^[752]	Los Angeles Municipal Court (1956–1962); Los Angeles County Superior Court (1962–1969); United States District Court for the Central District of California (1969–2000)	California	deceased
Felicia Toney Williams^[753]	Louisiana Second Circuit Court of Appeal (1992– )	Louisiana	active
Gregory B. Williams^[754]	United States District Court for the District of Delaware (2022– )	Delaware	active
Janice M. Williams^[528]	Solano County Superior Court (2021– )	California	active
Jean Williams^[755]	Tucson Municipal Courts (1974–1976); Phoenix Municipal Court (1976–1996)	Arizona	deceased
LaShawn A. Williams^[756]	Harris County Civil. Court at Law #3 (2019– )	Texas	active
Karen M. Williams^[757]	United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (2009– )	New Jersey	active
Milton L. Williams^[758]	Supreme Court of the State of New York (1993–2002, 2003–2008)	New York	retired
Oliver D. Williams^[759]	New York State Supreme Court (1963–1968)	New York	deceased
Omar A. Williams^[760]	Connecticut Superior Court for the District of New London (2016–2021); United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (2021– )	Connecticut	active
Charles R. Wilson^[761]	United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (1999– )	Florida	active
Lionel Wilson^[762]	Alameda County Municipal Court (1960–1964); Alameda County Superior Court (1964–1977)	California	deceased
Brian C. Wimes^[763]	United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri/United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri (2012– )	Missouri	active
Henry Travillion Wingate^[420]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi (1985– )	Alabama	active
Joan Winn^[764]^[765]	Dallas County Court at Law (1975–1978); 191st District Court (appt. 1978)	Texas	retired
Andrea R. Wood^[766]	United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (2013– )	Illinois	active
Gregory Howard Woods^[767]	United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (2013– )	New York	active
Joseph Wood^[768]	Fresno County Superior Court (2008– )	California	active
W. Fillmore Wood^[81]	Union County Court	New Jersey	deceased
Jonathan Jasper Wright^[561]	Supreme Court of South Carolina (1870–1877)	South Carolina	deceased
Otis D. Wright II^[769]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2005–2007); United States District Court for the Central District of California (2007– )	California	active
Wilhelmina Wright^[770]	Ramsey County District Court (2000–2002); Minnesota Court of Appeals (2002–2012); Minnesota Supreme Court (2012–2016); United States District Court for the District of Minnesota (2016– )	Minnesota	active
James A. Wynn Jr.^[771]	North Carolina Supreme Court (1998); North Carolina Court of Appeals (1999–2010); United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (2010– )	North Carolina	active
Robert W. Yancey^[772]	Essex County Court (1960–1972)	New Jersey	deceased
Staci Michelle Yandle^[773]	United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois (2014– )	Illinois	active
K. Patrick Yarbrough^[774]	Illinois 17th Judicial Circuit Court (2007–2019)	Illinois	retired
Lowynn Y. Young^[775]	Los Angeles County Superior Court (2021– )	California	active
Reuben Young^[776]	North Carolina Court of Appeals (2019–2020)	North Carolina	active
Roderick C. Young^[777]	United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (2014– )	Virginia	active
John Milton Younge^[778]	Court of Common Pleas for Philadelphia County (1996–2019); United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2019– )	Pennsylvania	active

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^ Gordon, Colin (January 1, 2022). "Dress rehearsal for Shelley: Scovel Richardson and the challenge to racial restrictions in St. Louis". Washington University Journal of Law & Policy. 67 (1). Retrieved March 1, 2022.
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^ Lewis Laska, William F. Yardley. Retrieved: April 5, 2011.
^ "Judge Sheila Abdus-Salaam, Described as 'Trailblazer,' Found Dead in New York (2017-04-13)". NBC News.
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^ "Blakeview: Remembering pioneering Black jurists Israel Augustine Jr. and Revius Ortique Jr". NOLA.com. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
^ ^a ^b Raymond, Nate (January 24, 2024). "US Senate confirms two Biden judicial nominees in Republican-led states". Reuters. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
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^ "Leader, educator, friend — Dionne Bagsby, first black Tarrant County commissioner, dies". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. January 11, 2019.^{[dead link]}
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^ "Boce W. Barlow Jr., 89; Connecticut's First Black Judge, Senator". Los Angeles Times. February 2, 2005. Retrieved February 2, 2005.
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^ "Honorable DeLawrence Beard". The History Makers. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016.
^ "Meet Cheri Beasley, North Carolina's first Black female Chief Justice". The Daily Tar Heel. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
^ "James A. Beaty Jr". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
^ "Diana Becton Shakes Up the DA's Office". www.oaklandmagazine.com. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
^ "Louis A. Bedford, Dallas County's first black judge, dead at 88 (2014-04-10)". The Dallas Morning News. April 10, 2014.
^ "Wendy Beetlestone". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
^ "Law alumna selected as first black female judge in Iowa (2010-10-11)". Drake University. October 11, 2010.
^ "3 Blacks Get Judgeships in Arkansas from Governor (1989-10-09)". Johnson Publishing Company. October 9, 1989.
^ "Robert M. Bell, Chief Judge, Maryland Court of Appeals". msa.maryland.gov. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
^ "Te'iva Bell and Candance White Seek the Vote for Judge of Houston's 339th District Court". Texas Lawyer. Retrieved February 24, 2022.
^ "Benjamin, DeAndrea Gist". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
^ "Alfred H. Bennett". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
^ "Judge L. Howard Bennett, grandson of slave, broke race barriers in Minnesota, Minneapolis". Star Tribune. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
^ Payton, Brenda (June 21, 2009). "Oakland program redefines juvenile justice". SFGate. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
^ "Berger, Irene Cornelia". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
^ "And Justice for All | » Karen Bethea-Shields, First Female Judge in Durham County, 1980–1986". Retrieved January 24, 2020.
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^ "Lillian W. Burke, 94, was Ohio's first black woman judge: news obituary (2012-03-29)". Cleveland.com. March 29, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
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^ ^a ^b "Governor Newsom appoints 18 Superior Court Judges". thepress.net. Retrieved March 30, 2021.

[1] "Violette Neatly Anderson is the first black woman to practice law before the U.S. Supreme Court (2010-01-29)". Retrieved January 15, 2020.

[2] Dennis Archer Becomes First African American President-Elect of the American Bar Association [1]

[3] Derrick Bell: The Art and Dynamics of Protest Archived November 25, 2005, at the Wayback Machine

[4] Yale Law School page on Stephen L. Carter

[5] CNN obituary of Cochran

[6] "UMKC Biography of Christopher Darden". Archived from the original on December 28, 2005. Retrieved December 23, 2005.

[7] "Women's History Profile of Marian Wright Edelman". Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2005.

[8] Harvard University biography of Lani Guinier

[Gates_2008_p._104-9] Gates, Jr. and Higginbotham, African American National Biography, Volume 4. (2008), p. 104.

[10] United States Congress biography of Barbara Jordan Archived January 11, 2006, at the Wayback Machine

[11] Pace, Eric (September 1, 1987). "Wade H. McCree Jr. Dies at 67; Was Judge and Solicitor General". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 15, 2020.

[12] "Famous Firsts by African Americans".

[13] "Ida Platt". Girls Want to Study Law: 100 Years of Women Graduates. IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. January 1, 1894.

[14] Wallenfeldt, Jeff (August 15, 2010). Black American Biographies: The Journey of Achievement. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 978-1-61530-137-9.

[15] Gordon, Colin (January 1, 2022). "Dress rehearsal for Shelley: Scovel Richardson and the challenge to racial restrictions in St. Louis". Washington University Journal of Law & Policy. 67 (1). Retrieved March 1, 2022.

[16] Commencement speech by Patricia Williams

[17] Lewis Laska, William F. Yardley. Retrieved: April 5, 2011.

[18] "Judge Sheila Abdus-Salaam, Described as 'Trailblazer,' Found Dead in New York (2017-04-13)". NBC News.

[19] Long, Colleen (December 23, 2021). "40 federal judges confirmed in 2021; Biden nominates 2 more". Associated Press.

[20] "Adams, Henry Lee, Jr". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 24, 2020.

[21] "Oscar Adams, A Pioneer As Alabama Top Justice". The New York Times. February 18, 1997.

[22] "Fritz W. Alexander II". Historical Society of the New York Courts. Retrieved February 17, 2020.

[23] "Raymond Pace Alexander Papers 1880–1975". University of Pennsylvania University Archives and Records Center. Retrieved January 23, 2020.

[24] "Ralston, Elreta Melton Alexander | NCpedia". www.ncpedia.org. Retrieved January 24, 2020.

[25] "Allen, Arenda Lauretta Wright". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 21, 2020.

[26] "Macon Bolling Allen (1816–1894)". BlackPast.org. December 31, 2008. Retrieved January 27, 2020.

[:8-27] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Diversity in the Judiciary: A Directory of Judges, Commissioners, and Magistrates of Color in the State of Washington" (PDF). Washington State Minority and Justice Commission Outreach Committee. 2022.

[28] "Alston, Rossie David, Jr". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved August 26, 2021.

[29] "West Alabama Roundup: Fayette Sheriff Goes Down in Runoff". Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved July 19, 2006.

[30] "Percy Anderson". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 17, 2020.

[31] "Saundra Brown Armstrong". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 17, 2020.

[32] "Blakeview: Remembering pioneering Black jurists Israel Augustine Jr. and Revius Ortique Jr". NOLA.com. Retrieved January 24, 2022.

[Reuters-1-24-24-33] Raymond, Nate (January 24, 2024). "US Senate confirms two Biden judicial nominees in Republican-led states". Reuters. Retrieved January 24, 2024.

[34] "Henry Edward Autrey". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 17, 2020.

[35] "Leader, educator, friend — Dionne Bagsby, first black Tarrant County commissioner, dies". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. January 11, 2019.^{[dead link]}

[36] "The Hon. Nannette A. Baker". American Law Institute. Retrieved January 27, 2020.

[Tucker,_Petrese_B-37] "Tucker, Petrese B." Federal Judicial Center.

[38] "17 black women elected as judges make history". KTNV. November 10, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.

[39] "Retired Judge Patricia Banks to Serve as Interim COPA Chief". WTTW News. Retrieved February 22, 2022.

[40] "Boce W. Barlow Jr., 89; Connecticut's First Black Judge, Senator". Los Angeles Times. February 2, 2005. Retrieved February 2, 2005.

[41] "Randolph Baskerville". Baskerville & Baskerville, PLLC. Retrieved January 17, 2020.

[42] "UC Davis School of Law – Profiles – Gordon S. Baranco". law.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved January 16, 2020.

[43] "Harris County Justice of the Peace (Pct. 3, Place 2)". jp.hctx.net. Retrieved February 25, 2022.

[44] "Deborah Batts". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 27, 2020.

[45] "Honorable DeLawrence Beard". The History Makers. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016.

[46] "Meet Cheri Beasley, North Carolina's first Black female Chief Justice". The Daily Tar Heel. Retrieved February 19, 2020.

[47] "James A. Beaty Jr". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 17, 2020.

[48] "Diana Becton Shakes Up the DA's Office". www.oaklandmagazine.com. Retrieved January 16, 2020.

[49] "Louis A. Bedford, Dallas County's first black judge, dead at 88 (2014-04-10)". The Dallas Morning News. April 10, 2014.

[50] "Wendy Beetlestone". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 17, 2020.

[51] "Law alumna selected as first black female judge in Iowa (2010-10-11)". Drake University. October 11, 2010.

[52] "3 Blacks Get Judgeships in Arkansas from Governor (1989-10-09)". Johnson Publishing Company. October 9, 1989.

[53] "Robert M. Bell, Chief Judge, Maryland Court of Appeals". msa.maryland.gov. Retrieved March 10, 2020.

[54] "Te'iva Bell and Candance White Seek the Vote for Judge of Houston's 339th District Court". Texas Lawyer. Retrieved February 24, 2022.

[55] "Benjamin, DeAndrea Gist". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved February 21, 2023.

[56] "Alfred H. Bennett". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 17, 2020.

[57] "Judge L. Howard Bennett, grandson of slave, broke race barriers in Minnesota, Minneapolis". Star Tribune. Retrieved January 25, 2020.

[58] Payton, Brenda (June 21, 2009). "Oakland program redefines juvenile justice". SFGate. Retrieved January 16, 2020.

[59] "Berger, Irene Cornelia". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved January 21, 2020.

[60] "And Justice for All | » Karen Bethea-Shields, First Female Judge in Durham County, 1980–1986". Retrieved January 24, 2020.

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List of African American jurists

Attorneys and legal scholars[edit]

Judicial officers[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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