List of temporary broadcasting stations in the United States

List of temporary broadcasting stations in the United States is a review of broadcasting stations which were not issued standard licenses, but instead were given temporary authorizations, to be used for special purposes and limited time periods. In a small number of cases these authorizations were followed by a standard license, or this represented a short-term revival of a previously licensed station. However, in most cases the stations expired immediately after their intended purpose was fulfilled.

Information about these stations is somewhat limited. The monthly issues of the Radio Service Bulletin, and the annual station lists issued by the U.S. government, regularly reported the status of stations operating under standard licenses. However, in general these publications did not include information about temporary stations, although basic information about these grants was included in station card files maintained by the government.

Radio stations

[edit]
Selected temporary radio broadcasting stations.
WJY, Hoboken, New Jersey (1921)[1]
WAAT Jersey City, New Jersey (1922)[2]
KFFD, Tacoma, Washington (1923)[3]
KRCA, Riverside, California (1926)[4]
WTBF Skowhegan, Maine (1928)[5]
Temporary radio stations
Call Initial
temporary
authorization		 Location Owner Notation[6] Additional information
WJY 7/2/1921 Hoboken, New Jersey Radio Corporation of America "let NY 6/24/21", "temp station, one day operation", "radiophone to broadcast Dempsey-Carpentier fight". 1600 meters (187 kHz). Longwave station set up to broadcast ringside reports of the Dempsey-Carpentier heavyweight boxing match.[7]
WPU 1/22/1922 Buffalo, New York Buffalo Courier + Enquirer "1/20/22 TG from C. C. Cliswold" 360 meters (833 kHz). The Buffalo Courier reported that "even those totally ignorant of the wireless are to be given an opportunity to hear a concert over the radio" as the newspaper arranged for a broadcast on January 22, 1922, from the Elmwood Music Hall provided by the Irving Berlin Music Publishing company of New York.[8][9][10]
KDP 2/5/1922 Seattle, Washington Saint James Cathedral "Fr Radio Inspector Seattle 2/2/22" Paulist Fathers Donegan and Quinan broadcast a series of sermons beginning on February 5, 1922.[11] (They returned a year later over another temporary station, KFFD in Tacoma.)
WHO 2/23/1922 Kansas City, Missouri Kansas City Post "TG from Dick Smith, Mgr Ed, 2/22/22", "temp 2/23-24/22" Contemporary articles in the Kansas City Post list this station's call letters as "WRW".[12]
WWS 3/--/1922 Pella, Iowa Fowler Telephone Company "temp bdcst pend lic" The station, located at W. H. Fowler's home, was described as "the only one for a town the size of Pella in the state".[13] No regular license was ever issued.
WBI 3/10/1922 Marquette, Michigan Northern State Normal School "temp 3/10-11/22" Used "for special purposes".[14]
WTB 3/16/1922 Evansville, Indiana Sieffert Electric Co. "Let from Cong. Luhring 3/6/22", "temp 3/16/22" Planned concert broadcast by visiting New York Metropolitan Opera prima donna Rosa Ponselle was unable to take place due to an inability to procure vacuum-tubes needed to operate the transmitter.[15][16]
WSH 3/--/1922 New York, New York Experimenter Information Service "761 fm NY 3/10/22", "temp 4 days"
WMX 3/--/1922 Port Huron, Michigan Port Huron Times Herald TG 3/20/22 for 3/23/22, and 3/23/23 for 3/27/23. Station was primarily used to broadcast performances by participants in the Times-Herald "Music Memory" contests.[17]
WTA 3/27/1922 Uhrichsville, Ohio Board of Trade "let fm Brd of Trade 3/9/22", "only for one day, March 27, 1922" The Board of Trade held its annual meeting on this date, but a local newspaper report has no reference to any radio broadcasts.[18]
WDS 3/--/1922 Richmond, Virginia Mann S. Valentine "TG 3/27/22", "temp" Station was reported to be preparing to broadcast a Good Friday service by the All Saints' Episcopal church.[19]
KDU 4/--/1922 (?) Yakima, Washington Hillman Brothers Limited information: the KDU call sign was reassigned to a non-broadcast station in May 1922, so this KDU came earlier.
WAAT 4/16/1922 Jersey City, New Jersey Jersey Review "TG 4/15/22", "temp 4/16 + 19/22 pend appli." 360 meters (833 kHz). Station provided an extensive variety of programming[20] and actually was active until October 1922.[21] On 8/19/1926 a new, regular, station in Jersey City, WKBD, was set up by Jersey Review associate Frank V. Bremer, and a short time later WKBD changed its call sign to WAAT (now WNYM).
WAAU 4/16/1922 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania H. C. Kuser "TG 4/15/22", "temp 4/16/22"
WBAC 4/28/1922 Des Moines, Iowa Kiwanis Club "TG 4/18/22", "temp 4/28-29/22" [Also 4/28-29/23 on 1050 kHz] 360 meters (833 kHz). Intention was to broadcast the results of the Drake Relays track and field contests.[22]
WCAI 5/13/1922 Topeka, Kansas Frank E. Samuel "TG 5/5/22", "temp 5/13/22", "Amer. Legion Dept. HQ, State" 360 meters (833 kHz). Station was used to broadcast speeches given at "the state-wide meeting of the [American] Legion and Legion auxiliary officials".[23]
WDAZ 6/5/1922 Scranton, Pennsylvania American Radio Relay League (Roy C. Ehrhardt, trf Asst), "5/23/22", "temp June 5, 6, 7, 1922" Station operated in conjunction with the Scranton Republican's three-day Town Hall Radio Show.[24]
KDZT 6/5/1922 Seattle, Washington Seattle Radio Association "761 6/2/22", "temp 6/5-10/22" Later received a regular broadcasting license, with the same call and owner, August 1, 1922[25] to December 7, 1923.[26]
WEAL 6/--/1922 Des Moines, Iowa (special train) Mystic Shrine "TG 5/31/22", "temp to coast and back" "Two transmitting sets, one of 10 watts power and the other of 100 watts, have been installed in the special car of Illustrious Potentate C. T. Gadd", on a train carrying Des Moines' Za-Ga-Zig temple Shriners to a San Francisco conclave.[27][28]
WGAG 6/--/1922 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Wisconsin Radio Show "TG 6/2/22 fr Spearman Lewis, Mgr Dr, Plankington Hotel", "temp". Advertisement for the Wisconsin Radio Show stated that the exposition, running from June 21 to June 25, 1922, would feature a "broadcasting station in continuous operation".[29]
WGAX 6/--/1922 Washington Court House, Ohio Radio Electric Company "6/22/22 fm owner", "temp auth" Later received a regular broadcasting license, with the same call and owner, September 1922[30] to July 20, 1923.[31]
WIAM 7/26/1922 Dunmore, Pennsylvania F. M. Tarbox "letter 7/14/22", "temp 7/26-27/22", "335 S. Blakley St." The Scranton Republican reported plans to apply for a permanent license, that apparently never took place.[32]
WJAW 8/--/1922 Audubon, Iowa Reinemund Hardware Company "TG 8/9/22", "temp"
WJAY 8/--/1922 Des Moines, Iowa Iowa State Fair "let State Dept Agri-Iowa 8/10/22", "temp" WJAY was "the official Iowa state fair broadcasting station of the Thomas Electric company".[33][34]
KYG 10/--/1922 Portland, Oregon Radio Service Bureau Short-term continuation of the original KYG in Portland, licensed to Willard P. Hawley, Jr. from March 28, 1922—October 13, 1922. A Radio Service Bureau advertisement in the October 22, 1922 Oregonian stated "We are now operating KYG the famous Hawley station".[35] Its equipment was donated to the Benson Polytechnic School, which requested reassignment of the KYG call letters for its station,[36] however the high school station was instead randomly assigned KFIF from an alphabetical roster of available call signs.
WNAZ 11/10/1922 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Lehigh Radio Co. "let Radio Inspector Baltimore 11/2/22", "temp 11/10/22" Appears to be an earlier incarnation of WOAM, which was authorized a few days later.
WOAM 11/19/1922 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Arthur F. Breisch "from Radio Inspector Baltimore 11/15/22", "temp 11/19/22" 360 meters (833 kHz). Breisch was proprietor of the Lehigh Valley Radio company. The featured concert was the Allentown band's first of the season, and the station helped provide everything "necessary for the broadcasting and receiving of the concert in order that Bandmaster [Martin] Klinger, confined to Sacred Heart hospital, may be able to enjoy the program".[37]
KFFD 1/14/1923 Tacoma, Washington Saint Patrick's Church "TG fm Wm. A. Mullens Co. 1/11/23", "temp 1/14-21/23" Return of Paulist Fathers Donegan and Quinan, who had appeared over temporary station KDP in Seattle the previous year.[38]
WQAG 1/19/1923 Redfield, South Dakota Frederick L. Legler "TG 1/18/23 from Charles M. C. Woodland", "1/19/23 only"
WSAM 3/20/1923 Milton, Wisconsin Milton College (A. G. Sayre) "TG from owner 3/19/23", "temp 3/20-21/23" Attempt to broadcast a high school basketball tournament held at the college was reportedly "a complete failure".[39]
WRAQ 5/7/1923 Haddonfield, New Jersey Bancroft School (Dr. E. A. Farrington) "5/5/23" for "5/7-10/23" plus "4/28/24" for "5/11-17/24" Reportedly used to broadcast events during the school's commencements.[40] Contemporary reports state that the authorizations were used for daily broadcasts conducted by John L. Barnes, as part of the town's annual Child Welfare Week activities.[41]
WTAV 10/--/1923 Richmond, Virginia Sydnor Pump & Well Co. "temp see case 2190NR 10-1-23" 1070 kHz.
KFLC 10/--/1923 Dallas, Texas State Fair of Texas "TG fm R. A. Hall, 2913 Live Oak St., Dallas, Texas, 10/13/23", "2 weeks"
KFMB 11/--/1923 Little Rock, Arkansas Christian Churches of Little Rock "TG H. L. Remmell 11/3/23", "temp pend lic" 1180 kHz. Later received a regular broadcast license, with the same call and owner, November 1923[42] to June 1, 1925.[43]
WCBP 4/8/1924 Dixon, Illinois Dixon Evening Telegraph (George B. Shaw) "let 3/20/24", "temp 4/8/24" 1150 kHz. A primary election was held on April 8, but the newspaper's issues during this period make no mention of operating a radio station.
WCBS 4/8/1924 Macomb, Illinois Macomb Journal "TG 4/7/24", "temp 4/8/24, 11/4/24" 1330 kHz.
KFPZ 4/24/1924 Bay City, Michigan Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks "TG fm Elks Bay City 4/23/24", "temp 4/24/24 one day"
KFPJ 4/25/1924 Huron, South Dakota Merle Buck "4/20/24", "temp 4/25/24" 1220 kHz. An ultimately "rather embarrassing" unsuccessful attempt[44] to implement "an entirely new method of gathering election returns and broadcasting them over the entire state".[45]
WDBM 5/10/1924 Fort Wayne, Indiana Robert Dreisbach "TG 5/6/24", "temp 5/10/24 3:00 to 6:00 PM" 860 kHz.
WDBG 5/30/1924 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Gettysburg College "SR Baltimore, 4/28/24", "temp 5/30/24, 11/11/24" Used to broadcast ceremonies related to Memorial Day and Armistice Day.[46][47]
WEBB 6/--/1924 Portland, Maine RCA Exhibit "fr G. H. Clark 6/20/24", "temp one week" 278 meters (1080 kHz). RCA's George H. Clark, whose June 25th address was "Radio in the Time of King Tut", was manager of the Portland Summer Radio Show.[48][49]
WEBF 7/12/1924 Dayton, Ohio East Dayton Electric Company "let from Cong. Fitzgerald 7/2/24", "temp 7/12/24" 1170 kHz.
WEBM 8/27/1924 Detroit, Michigan Detroit Yacht Club "let 8/19/24", "temp 8/27/24 to 9/1/24"
WEBN 9/6/1924 Estes Park, Colorado Boy Scouts of America "fm Jas E. West 8/28/24", "temp week 9/6/24", "Sys-Western Elec Co, 50 watts" 1300 kHz. "The first broadcasting station in the heights of the Rockies is the large broadcasting outfit installed by Boy Scout executives, which will be known as WEBN". The 50-watt station, located at the Young Women's Christian Association, was designed to broadcast the proceeding of the first biannual conference of the Boy Scout executives.[50]
KFRK 10/15/1924 Des Moines, Iowa Iowa Federation of Labor "TG fm J. C. Lewis, Iowa Fed Labor, 10/14/24", "temp 10/15/24"
WBAH 11/1/1924 Minneapolis, Minnesota The Dayton Company "temp 11/1/24". 720 kHz. This was a revival of a standard broadcasting station, with the same call and owner, that had been licensed from April 21, 1922[51] to September 5, 1924.[52]
WFBP 11/18/1924 Chatham, Ohio H. J. Kohji "TG 11/18/24", "temp 11/18/24"
WNOR 12/10/1924 New Orleans, Louisiana New Orleans Radio Assoc. "let fm SR New Orleans 11/18/24", "temp one week beg 12/10/24" 1260 kHz. Provided daily broadcasts from the New Orleans Radio Show, including the broadcasting of a radio wedding.[53][54]
WGBP 1/15/1925 Tampa, Florida M. L. Price Music Company "761 fm SR Atlanta", "temp 1/15-20/25, 10/6/25", "339 Plant Ave., 50 watts" 1200 kHz.
WGBV 2/6/1925 Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania Monroe County Newspapers (Colley S. Baker, editor) "TG 2/3/25", "temp 2/6-7/25"
WADC 2/19/1925 Akron, Ohio Automobile Dealers Company "TG from Frank O'Neill 2/16/25", "temp 2/19-28/25, 2/28-3/3/25", "auth ext TG to G. J. Harter on request of cong Davy" 1210 kHz. Station was used in conjunction with local auto show.[55] In March 1925 this station received a regular license, still as WADC, assigned to the Allen Theater, which is now WARF.
WHBZ 4/2/1925 Anderson, South Carolina J. A. Mitchell "TG 4/1/25", "temp 4/2/25" 1090 kHz.
WIBB 3/5/1925 Freeport, Illinois Ridgeway Electric Company "TG Ridgeway 3/3/25", "temp 3/5-6-7/25" 1360 kHz. Remote broadcast, by 50-watt transmitter linked to an announcer located at a basketball tournament site.[56]
KFVP 5/10/1925 Omaha, Nebraska (portable) Chamber of Commerce (Omaha) "TG from Chamber of Commerce 5/5/25", "5/10/25-5/24/25" 1090 kHz. The twenty-seventh annual trade tour of the Omaha Chamber of Commerce operated "America's only broadcasting station on a passenger train"[57] at stops along the way as they traveled by rail though Nebraska, South Dakota and Wyoming.[58]
KFVP 5/24/1925 Sioux Falls, South Dakota (portable) Chamber of Commerce (Sioux Falls) "TG from Chamber of Commerce, Sioux Falls 5/19/25", "5/24/25-5/29/25" 1090 kHz. Assorted reports detailed the travels by rail of the "Sunshiners five-day booster trip", that started in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and continued through the Black Hills of that state. The same radio equipment used earlier in the month by the Omaha Chamber of Commerce was now employed to "broadcast news talks and snappy musical numbers every evening during the trip".[59][60]
WGHS 6/23/1925 Gardenville, New York Gardenville High Sch. (Lester Eggleston) "6/17/25", "temp one day 6/23/25" Used to broadcast school commencement exercises.[61]
KFWL 8/--/1925 Paia Maui, Hawaii C. L. Ludin "fm San Francisco 6/22/25", "Wedn evening, Aug. and Sept. 1925" Station conducted weekly Wednesday evening broadcasts, including ones in conjunction with the eighth Maui county fair.[62]
KUPR 8/12/1925 Omaha, Nebraska Union Pacific Railroad (portable, moving train) "res 7/23/25, deleted 9/11/25", "45 days from 8/12/25", "1416 Dodge St." 1110 kHz. Reports about the Calf Club Special train (which used some of the same equipment previously used by KFVP), reviewed the itinerary of its "tour to every vital point of agricultural Nebraska" while employing the "latest innovation in mobile broadcast stations".[63][64]
KRCA 9/5/1925 Los Angeles, California Radio Corporation of America First assignment was "temp one week 9/5/25-9/9/25". Three more assignments followed, all listed as 100 watts on 983 kHz: San Francisco, 8/21/26-8/28/26; Los Angeles, 9/5/26-9/11/26; and Riverside, 9/--/26.[65] KRCA employed a portable transmitter that was transported to the individual locations. Numerous articles reviewed its activities at four different fairs and expositions.[66]
WJBJ 9/14/1925 Butler, Pennsylvania Walter Morris "9/9/25", "temp one day 9/14/25"
WJBH 10/--/1925 Rocky Mount, North Carolina Evening Telegram "SR Atlanta 9/29/25", "temp 15 days in October", "10 watts". 1220 kHz. It does not appear this station ever operated, as the October 1925 issues of the Evening Telegram make no mention of it.
WDAL 10/--/1925 Jacksonville, Florida Florida Times-Union "fr owner 10/2/25", "temp auth during World Series" This was a revival of a standard broadcasting station,[67] with the same call and owner, that had been licensed from May 19, 1922[68] to December 22, 1923.[69]
WJBM 10/19/1925 Battle Creek, Michigan Michigan Enquirer News "10/1/25","temp 10/19-21/25", "10 watts, range 1 mile". 1220 kHz. Station operated in conjunction with a newspaper-sponsored radio equipment show.[70] Eleven months later, on September 18, 1926, the Enquirer and News was issued a regular radio station license with the call letters WKBP (now WBFN).
WLFQ 1/4/1926 Chelsea, Massachusetts Lawrence F. Quigley (Mayor of Chelsea) "req 12/31/25", "temp 1/4/26 night only" 1320 kHz. Used to broadcast ceremonies for the start of Mayor Quigley's fifth term as mayor of Chelsea.[71]
WJBS 5/3/1926 Auburn, New York George I. Stevens "4/23/26", "temp one day 5/3/26", "50 watts" 1260 kHz.
WLBD 11/15/1926 Erie, Pennsylvania Dispatch-Herald "let 11/4/26", "auth 11/15-20/26, auth 11/23/26 cont oper", "canc call let 5/13/27-no reply to letters" In a January 12, 1927 advertisement, Kitchen's Tire Service promoted the "Firestone Tire Hour" on the "Dispatch-Herald Station WLBD", starting at 8 P.M. the next night.[72]
WNBV 5/28/1927 Baraboo, Wisconsin Young Men's Christian Association "operate one night 5/28/27" 1500 kHz.
KGGU 5/27/1928 San Francisco, California San Francisco Post Enquirer "temp one day 5/27/28" 9 hour long broadcast, by Chet Boone, of the Alameda marathon swim.[73]
KGHQ 7/4/1928 Oakland, California U S Army, Col. C. P. Mader, Chairman Parade Committee "call assigned upon TG request", "temp 7/4/28 only" 590 kHz. An Oakland Tribune review of the upcoming Independence Day parade noted that participants were planning to "carry its own broadcasting equipment to transmit to thousands of radios the music of numerous army, navy, marine corps and veteran's bands participating in the procession".[74]
WTBF 8/10/1928 Skowhegan, Maine Blin Page "temp ten days from 8/10/28" 1460 kHz. Operated from the First National bank booth at the Skowhegan fair grounds.[75]
KGIE 10/2/1928 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Wisconsin Radio Trade Association "temp 10/2/28 to 10/7/28" 1500 kHz. The Milwaukee Journal reported that "Another feature will be a 'Quiet Mystery Dance', in which the dancers will wear headphones to hear the dance music. The dance floor itself will be devoid of music. For this purpose a special permit to operate a 7½ watt transmitter was granted by the federal radio commission to the W. R. T. A. It will operate under the call letters KGIE and will utilize the 200-meter wave length."[76]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Dempsey-Carpentier Fight" (Playhouse advertisement), (Wilmington, Delaware) News Journal, June 30, 1921, page 8.
  2. ^ "Gone But Not Forgotten" (WAAT cartoon), Radio News, July 1923, page 29.
  3. ^ KFFD (advertisement), Tacoma (Washington) Daily Ledger, January 16, 1923, page 5.
  4. ^ KRCA advertisement, Riverside (California) Daily Press, September 17, 1926, page 2.
  5. ^ WTBF advertisement, Lewiston (Maine) Evening Journal, August 16, 1928, page 1.
  6. ^ Notes for individual stations placed on two sets of cards (by call letter and city) maintained by government regulators, and filed in the deleted stations sections. These card files were started by the Department of Commerce in 1921, and were replaced after 1928, when the government switched to a new card file organization. Some abbreviations include: "RI" and "SR" for regional "radio inspector" and that position's later title, "supervisor of radio"; "TG" for "telegram"; and "761" for a submitted "Form 761: Applicant's Description of Apparatus".
  7. ^ "Voice-Broadcasting the Stirring Progress of the 'Battle of the Century' ", The Wireless Age, August 1921, pages 11-21.
  8. ^ "Jazz By Wireless Concert Feature", Buffalo Courier, January 21, 1922, page 8. Although this account states that the call sign was "WPN", it was actually "WPU" according to Department of Commerce records. (WPN had already been assigned to a ship named Pioneer according to the annual station lists, while WPU was still unused and available for assignment.)
  9. ^ "Wireless Music Festival Free to Public Today", Buffalo Courier, January 22, 1922, page 56.
  10. ^ "Wireless Phone Success Proven", Buffalo Courier, January 23, 1922, page 7.
  11. ^ "Wireless Telephone Broadcasts Lectures on Catholic Church", (Seattle, Washington) Northwest Progress, February 10, 1922, page 1.
  12. ^ "History of 'WRW'" by Mark Roberts, 1996.
  13. ^ "Radio Station Installs Magnavox". (Pella, Iowa) Booster Press, May 17, 1922, page 1. The Des Moines station listed as "WFG" in this article was actually WGF.
  14. ^ Northern State Teachers College entry, Education's Own Stations, S. E. Frost, Jr., 1937, page 265.
  15. ^ "Ponselle Party is in City Now", Evansville (Indiana) Courier, March 16, 1922, page 4.
  16. ^ WTB reports in the Evansville Courier (March 7, 1922—March 16, 1922)
  17. ^ WMX reports in the Port Huron Times-Herald (March 4, 1922—March 25, 1922, March 23, 1923—March 24, 1923)
  18. ^ "'Re-Christening of Americanism Needed'---Fess", New Philadelphia (Ohio) Daily Times, March 28, 1922, page 1.
  19. ^ "Richmond Church Music Broadcasted by Radio", Richmond Times-Dispatch, April 12, 1922, page 14.
  20. ^ "Jersey Paper Broadcasts High Class Programme", The Radio Dealer, July 1922, page 76.
  21. ^ "Radio Station For Journal Sq.", Jersey (City) Journal, August 5, 1926, page 1.
  22. ^ WBAC newspaper reports (April 21, 1922—April 23, 1922)
  23. ^ "To Broadcast His Address", Arkansas City Daily Traveler, May 10, 1922, page 8.
  24. ^ "License Granted Local Station", Scranton (Pennsylvania) Republican, May 27, 1922, page 13.
  25. ^ "New Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, August 1, 1922, page 3.
  26. ^ "Strike out all particulars", Radio Service Bulletin, January 2, 1924, page 7.
  27. ^ "Shrine Special to Have Radio", Des Moines Register, June 6, 1922, page 14.
  28. ^ WEAL newspaper articles (June 6, 1922—July 14, 1922)
  29. ^ "Wisconsin Radio Show" (advertisement), Radio Age, June 1922, page 33.
  30. ^ "New Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, October 2, 1922, page 3.
  31. ^ "Strike out all particulars", Radio Service Bulletin, August 1, 1923, page 8.
  32. ^ "Broadcasting Station Seeks Permanent License", Scranton (Pennsylvania) Republican, August 5, 1922, page 5.
  33. ^ "Will Broadcast Musical Program", Des Moines (Iowa) Evening Tribune, August 20, 1922, page 1.
  34. ^ WJAY newspaper reports (August 20, 1922—August 25, 1922)
  35. ^ Radio Service Bureau (advertisement), (Portland) Oregonian, October 22, 1922, Section 5, page 8:
  36. ^ "KYG Radio Set Now Owned by Benson Tech", Oregon Sunday Journal, March 18, 1923, Section 3, page 3.
  37. ^ "Program For Allentown Band Concert Sunday", Allentown (Pennsylvania) Morning Call, November 18, 1922, page 5.
  38. ^ "Wireless Broadcasts Tacoma Mission For Non-Catholics", (Seattle, Washington) Northwest Progress, January 19, 1923, page 1.
  39. ^ Milton College entry, Education's Own Stations, S. E. Frost, Jr., 1937, page 211.
  40. ^ Bancroft School entry, Education's Own Stations, S. E. Frost, Jr., 1937, page 29.
  41. ^ WRAQ newspaper reports (May 6, 1923—May 10, 1923, May 10, 1924—May 13, 1924)
  42. ^ "New Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, December 1, 1923, page 3.
  43. ^ "Strike out all particulars", Radio Service Bulletin, July 1, 1925, page 10.
  44. ^ "Breakdown of Radio Spoils Broadcasting", Evening (South Dakota) Huronite, March 26, 1924, page 2
  45. ^ KFPJ reports in the Evening Huronite (March 21, 1924—March 26, 1924)
  46. ^ Gettysburg College entry, Education's Own Stations, S. E. Frost, Jr., 1937, page 107.
  47. ^ WDBG newspaper reports (May 27, 1924—May 31, 1924, November 1, 1924—November 20, 1924)
  48. ^ "Tickets to Radio Show Are Free", Portland (Maine) Evening Express & Advertiser, June 25 1924, page 2.
  49. ^ "The Static Club & 'Radio in the time of King Tut-ankh-amen'" by Rachael A. Beyer, January 9, 2015 (Hagley.org)
  50. ^ "New Station Broadcasting Scout Conclave Speeches", Fort Collins (Colorado) Express-Courier, September 12, 1924, page 2.
  51. ^ "New Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, May 1, 1922, page 3.
  52. ^ "Strike out all particulars", Radio Service Bulletin, October 1, 1924, page 6.
  53. ^ "Thousands Hear Radio Wedding", New Orleans States, December 4, 1924, page 1.
  54. ^ WNOR newspaper reports (November 9, 1924—December 5, 1924)
  55. ^ "Radio Opens Auto Show at Akron", Cleveland Plain Dealer, February 22, 1925, page 9.
  56. ^ "Local Radio Station WIBB Proves a Great Success", Freeport (Illinois) Journal-Standard, March 9, 1925, page 10.
  57. ^ "Call Trade Trippers Rainmakers in North", Omaha World-Herald, May 16, 1925, page 4.
  58. ^ KFVP (Omaha) newspaper reports (May 7, 1925—May 16, 1925)
  59. ^ "State College Band Men Will Accompany Sunshiners to Hills", (Mitchell, South Dakota) Evening Republican, May 23, 1925, page 10.
  60. ^ KFVP (Sioux Falls) newspaper reports (May 23, 1925—May 26, 1925)
  61. ^ Gardenville High School entry, Education's Own Stations, S. E. Frost, Jr., 1937, page 104.
  62. ^ "Boy Scouts Will Participate in Maui County Fair", Honolulu Star-Advertiser, September 6, 1925, page 19.
  63. ^ "Calf Club Special Will Have Own Radio", Omaha (Nebraska) World-Herald, August 22, 1925, page 11.
  64. ^ KUPR reports in the Omaha World-Herald (June 28, 1925—October 25, 1925)
  65. ^ "New Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, July 31, 1926, page 3.
  66. ^ KRCA newspaper reports (September 3, 1925—December 22, 1926)
  67. ^ "Associated Press to Broadcast Games", Editor & Publisher, October 3, 1925, page 67.
  68. ^ "New Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, June 1, 1922, page 3.
  69. ^ "Delete all particulars", Radio Service Bulletin, January 2, 1924, page 7.
  70. ^ "WELL Was One of Pioneers in Radio Industry", Battle Creek (Michigan) Enquirer and News, November 22, 1940, page 23.
  71. ^ "Chelsea", Boston Herald, January 5, 1922, page 7.
  72. ^ Kitchen's Tire Service (WLBD advertisement), Erie Daily Times, January 12, 1927, page 22.
  73. ^ "Radio Men Laud Broadcast of Swim by P.E.", Oakland (California) Post-Enquirer, May 28, 1928, page 26.
  74. ^ "Planes Will Be in Fourth of July Celebration", Oakland Tribune, July 2, 1928, page 3.
  75. ^ "Skowhegan Fair to Broadcast Doings", (Lewiston, Maine) Sun-Journal, August 13, 1928, page 5.
  76. ^ "Dealers' Convention Is Part of 1928 Radio-Music Exposition", Milwaukee Journal, September 23, 1928, page 10.
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