List of town tramway systems in Europe
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2014) |
This is a list of cities and towns in Europe that have (or once had) town tramway (e.g. urban tramway) systems as part of their public transport system. Cities with currently operating systems, and those systems themselves, are indicated in bold and blue background colored rows. The use of the diamond (♦) symbol indicates where there were (or are) two or more independent tram systems operating concurrently within a single metropolitan area. Those tram systems that operated on other than standard gauge track (where known) are indicated in the 'Notes' column.
Separate lists have been created for the following European countries to improve user-friendliness and to reduce this list article's size:
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| Location | Name of System | Gauge mm | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vlorë | Horse | ? | ? | A photograph of a horse-drawn tramcar, dated 1963 (Peschkes, Part Three, 1987, Page 19), establishes that Albania did have a town tramway service. |
| Location | Name of System | Gauge mm | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sarajevo | Trams in Sarajevo | 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) Bosnian gauge | Horsecar | 1 Jan 1885 | 1 May 1895 | |
| 760 mm -> 1435 mm | Electric | 1 May 1895 | In 1960 regauging from 760 mm to 1435 mm |
| Location | Name of System | Gauge mm | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sofia | Trams in Sofia | Horsecar | "late 19th century"[1] | ? | ||
| 1000 1435 | Electric | 1 Jan 1901[1] | Mix of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge and 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge.[1] |
| Location | Name of System | Gauge mm | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tallinn | Trams in Tallinn | 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)[2] | Horse | 24 Aug 1888 | 24 Sep 1919 | |
| 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)[2] | Electric | 28 Oct 1925 | Note: Tallinn also operates a trolleybus network. | |||
| ♦ Tallinn – Kopli | Steam | 26 Jan 1916 | ? | [2] | ||
| Petrol | 26 Jan 1916 | Nov 1953 | [2] | |||
| Electric | 6 Nov 1951 | [5 Nov 1953] | Connected with main Tallinn tram system, 05 Nov 1953. |
| Location | Name of System | Gauge mm | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Douglas | Douglas Bay Horse Tramway | 914 mm (3 ft) | Horse | 7 Aug 1876 | [3][4] Winter service withdrawn from November 1927, current operating season early May – late September. Operation suspended 30 September 1939 – 22 May 1946 because of war. | |
| Upper Douglas Cable Tramway | 914 mm (3 ft) | Cable | 15 Aug 1896 | 19 Aug 1929 | [5] Winter service withdrawn from 1927. | |
| Douglas – Keristal – Port Soderick | Douglas Southern Electric Tramway (Marine Drive Tramway) | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Electric | 1896 | 15 Sep 1939 | Opened to Keristal 7 August 1896, completed 1897. Operation suspended c.1914 – c.1918 because of war. |
| Douglas (Derby Castle) – Laxey – Ramsey | Manx Electric Railway | 914 mm (3 ft) | Electric | 7 Sep 1893 | [6][7] Operates seasonally, from March to November. Note for Manx Electric Railway: Opened to Groudle Glen, 7 September 1893. Extended to Laxey, 27 July 1894. Extended to Ramsey (Ballure), 5 August 1898. Completed to Ramsey (Plaza), 24 July 1899. Operation suspended Laxey – Ramsey, 30 September 1975, restored 25 June 1977. | |
| Laxey – Snaefell Summit | Snaefell Mountain Railway | 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) | Electric | 21 Aug 1895 | Operates only during summer season. Operation suspended 20 September 1939 – 1 June 1946 because of war. Used a third rail for a Fell brake |
| Location | Name of System | Gauge mm | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daugavpils | Daugavpils Tramway | Horse | ? | ? | ||
| 1524 | Electric | 5 Nov 1946 | [8] | |||
| Jūrmala (Kemeri) | 1000 | Electric | 16 Jun 1912 | 1935(?) | [8] | |
| Liepāja | Liepājas tramvajs | 1000 | Electric | 26 Sep 1899 | [8] | |
| Riga | Rīgas Satiksme | 1524 | Horse | 4 Sep 1882 23 Aug 1903 | 1901 1909 | [8] |
| 1524 | Electric | 23 Jul 1901 | [8] Note: Riga also operates a trolleybus network. |
| Location | Name of System | Gauge mm | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaunas | Horse | 5 Jun 1892 | 15 Apr 1929 | [9] | ||
| Steam | 1914 | 1936 | [9] | |||
| Klaipėda (Memel) | 1000 | Electric | 18 Aug 1904 1950 | Oct 1934 1967 | [9] | |
| Palanga | Horse | "late 19th century"[10] | ? | [9] | ||
| Vilnius | Horse | 15 Jun 1893 | 1915 | [9] | ||
| Petrol | 1914 | 1926 | [9] | |||
| Electric | ? | ? | Gauge: unknown.[9] Excepting microstates, Podgorica, Priština, Reykjavík and Tirana, and possibly Vilnius, are the only European capitals where electric town tramways have not (yet) been built. Note: Vilnius operates a trolleybus network. |
| Location | Name of System | Gauge mm | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esch-sur-Alzette canton | Electric | 29 May 1927 | 22 Sep 1956 | |||
| Luxembourg City | ||||||
| Horse | 22 Feb 1875 | ? | ||||
| Electric | 8 Aug 1908 | 5 Sep 1964 | ||||
| 1435 | Electric | 10 Dec 2017 |
| Location | Name of System | Gauge mm | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malta | Electric | 23 Feb 1905 | 15 Dec 1929 |
| Location | Name of System | Gauge mm | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chişinău | 1000 | Horse | 29 Oct 1888 | 1914 | ||
| 1000 | Electric | 25 Jan 1914 | 13 May 1961 |
| Location | Name of System | Gauge mm | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monte Carlo | Trams in Monaco | 1000 | Electric | 1898 | 1931 |
| Location | Name of System | Gauge mm | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bratislava | Trams in Bratislava | 1000 | Electric | 27 Aug 1895 | DPB also operates buses and trolleybuses | |
| Košice | Trams in Košice | Horse | 18 Nov 1891 | 28 Feb 1914 | ||
| Steam | 7 Jul 1893 | 28 Feb 1914 | ||||
| 1435 | Electric | 28 Feb 1914 | DPMK also operates buses and trolleybuses | |||
| Trenčianske Teplice | 760 | Electric | 27 Jul 1909 |
| Location | Name of System | Gauge mm | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ljubljana | Trams in Ljubljana | 1000 | Electric | 6 Sep 1901 | 20 Dec 1958 | Reintroduction planned |
| Piran | Trams in Piran | 760 | Electric | 20 Jul 1912 | 31 Aug 1953 |
See also
[edit]- List of town tramway systems in Africa
- List of town tramway systems in Asia
- List of town tramway systems in Central America
- List of town tramway systems in Oceania
- List of town tramway systems in South America
- List of town tramway systems
- List of tram and light rail transit systems
- List of metro systems
- List of trolleybus systems
- List of tram systems by gauge and electrification
References
[edit]Inline citations
[edit]- ^ a b c "Urban transport – History of Sofia Trams". Sofia Urban Mobility Center. 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Atlas Estonia (ee)". Svenska Spårvägssällskapet [Swedish Tramway Society]. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
- ^ "Douglas Borough Council Online - Tel: 01624 696300". Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2006.
- ^ "Douglashorsetramway.net". Archived from the original on 13 December 2003. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ^ "Index page – Upper Douglas Cable Car". www.isle-of-man.com.
- ^ Society, Manx Electric Railway. "Manx Electric Railway Society, registered charity (IoM) No 276". www.mers.org.im.
- ^ "Isle of Man Government – Heritage Railways". www.gov.im.
- ^ a b c d e "Atlas Latvia (lv)". Svenska Spårvägssällskapet [Swedish Tramway Society]. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Atlas Lithuania (lt)". Svenska Spårvägssällskapet [Swedish Tramway Society]. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
- ^ Jegelavičius, Linas (22 November 2022). "2022 žiema – pavasaris". Lietuvos pajūris (in Lithuanian).
Bibliography
[edit]Sources, references and external links: