MS Queen Elizabeth

This article is about the Cunard Line cruise ship launched in 2010. For other ships, see Queen Elizabeth (ship).

Queen Elizabeth in Kobe
History
NameQueen Elizabeth
Owner Carnival Corporation & plc
Operator Cunard Line
Port of registry
OrderedOctober 2007
BuilderFincantieri Monfalcone Shipyard, Italy
Cost£350 million (approx.)[1] (US$560 million)
Yard number6187
Laid down2 July 2009
Launched5 January 2010
Christened11 October 2010
CompletedOctober 2010
Maiden voyage12 October 2010
In service2010–present
Identification
StatusIn service
General characteristics
Class and typeVista-class cruise ship
Tonnage90,901 GT
Length294 m (964 ft 7 in)
Beam32.3 m (106 ft 0 in)
Draught8 m (26 ft 3 in)
Decks
  • 16 total
  • 12 accessible to passengers
Installed power
  • 4 × MaK 12VM43C
  • 2 × MaK 8M43C
  • 64,000 kW (86,000 hp) (combined)
Propulsion
Speed23.7 knots (43.9 km/h; 27.3 mph)
Capacity2,092 passengers lower beds, 2,547 maximum passengers
Queen Elizabeth outbound from Southampton on her maiden voyage, 2010
Queen Elizabeth in Tallinn, 2012

MS Queen Elizabeth (QE[2]) is a cruise ship of the Vista class operated by the Cunard Line. The design is modified compared to earlier ships of the same class, and slightly larger than Queen Victoria, at 92,000 GT. This is due to a more vertical stern, and additional cabins for single travelers. The bow of Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria are both reinforced having thicker than the standard for hull plating, to handle North Atlantic weather.[1] The ship is able to carry up to 2,092 passengers.[1]

The ship's name was announced by Cunard on 10 October 2007. Since the retirement of Queen Elizabeth 2 in 2008 the company has operated four vessels.[3] The naming of the ship as Queen Elizabeth brings about a situation similar to that between 1940 and 1948, when Cunard's original Queen Elizabeth was in service at the same time as the Royal Navy battleship HMS Queen Elizabeth.

Design

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Exterior

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Queen Elizabeth is almost identical in design to Queen Victoria, although because of the steeper stern, at her introduction into service the passenger capacity was slightly higher with up to 2,058 compared to Queen Victoria's 2,014.[4]

Also unlike many previous Cunard Queens, Queen Elizabeth is not a true ocean liner as she does not have the heavy plating throughout the hull. However, the bow was constructed with heavier plating to cope with the transatlantic run, and the ship has a high freeboard.[5]

Interior

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Although having an almost identical interior arrangement to Queen Victoria, the decor is very different. The ship is a tribute to the two previous Queen Elizabeth-named ships: the original Queen Elizabeth and Queen Elizabeth 2. She also evokes the era of the 1930s, in which Cunard's first Queen Elizabeth was launched, with many art deco interior touches.[6] The ship also features a Britannia Club section of the main restaurant, which is a feature on Queen Mary 2, but not available on Queen Victoria. This service allows passengers in the Britannia staterooms to have single seating dining arrangements, without having to upgrade to the more expensive Grills classes.[7] The sliding roof over the Winter Garden featured on Queen Victoria is replaced with a simple glass roof with the space being renamed the Garden Lounge.[8]

Launch

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Following the ship's construction in Italy from 2007 to 2010, Cunard Line officially confirmed that Queen Elizabeth II would name Cunard's new ship.[9] The ceremony was held in Southampton on 11 October 2010 before the ship set sail on her maiden voyage to the Canary Islands the following day.[10] Queen Elizabeth II was also the sponsor of the now-retired Queen Elizabeth 2 in 1967 and Cunard's current flagship, Queen Mary 2, in 2004.[11]

Service history

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The first master of Queen Elizabeth was Captain Christopher Wells.[12] On 4 October 2010 Queen Elizabeth was formally handed over to Cunard. She sailed on her maiden voyage from Southampton on 12 October 2010, following a naming ceremony with the monarch on 11 October 2010.[13]

On 13 January 2011, two years after the first Cunard Royal Rendezvous, RMS Queen Mary 2 met up with Queen Victoria and the then brand new Queen Elizabeth for another Royal Rendezvous in New York City. Both Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth made an Atlantic crossing in tandem for the event. All three Cunarders met in front of the Statue of Liberty at 6:45 pm for a Grucci fireworks display. The Empire State Building was lit up in red to mark the event.[14] At the end of October 2011 Queen Elizabeth and her fleet mates were registered to Hamilton, Bermuda, in order to host weddings aboard.[15]

On 5 June 2012 all three 'Queens' met once more, but this time in Southampton in order to celebrate the Queen's Diamond Jubilee.[16] On 29 June 2012, the ship made her one and only visit to Ny-Ålesund, in Svalbard. The previous scheduled visit in 2011 had to be aborted due to bad weather. However, she was not scheduled to visit Svalbard in her 2013 schedule. Legislation relating to cruise ships visiting the archipelago (applicable from 2014) meant that Queen Elizabeth will never be able to visit again.[17] On 15 July 2012 both Queen Elizabeth and Queen Mary 2 visited Hamburg for the first time together.[18]

On 12 March 2013 the cruise ship passed the former Cunard liner Queen Mary, then a hotel in Long Beach, California, for the first time along with fireworks display.[19] On 31 August 2013, British journalist and broadcaster Sir David Frost died onboard of a heart attack. Frost had been invited to give a speech by Cunard whilst travelling on board the ship.[20]

On 1 March 2014 Queen Elizabeth sailed into Sydney Harbour displaying a 126-metres long rainbow 'Happy Mardi Gras' banner from her top decks in tribute to the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras.[21][22][23]

On 9 May 2014 both Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria led Queen Mary 2 up the Southampton channel in single file, with both ships docking in a bow to bow formation performing a birthday salute to Queen Mary 2. Later on, all three Cunarders gathered for a fireworks display during which Queen Mary 2 led both Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria back down the channel.[24]

On 20 December 2014 Queen Elizabeth on a four night cruise was unable to dock in Amsterdam due to stormy conditions and was forced to circle in the English channel before returning to Southampton early.[25]

In April 2015 while visiting Sihanoukville, Cambodia a passenger died on the Queen Elizabeth following an accident whilst boarding from a tender.[26][27][28]

Queen Elizabeth at Liverpool Cruise Terminal, on 25 May 2015, after the Cunard 175 celebration

Three Queens: Cunard's 175th anniversary

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On 25 May 2015 the three 'Queens' were positioned at Liverpool celebrating 175 years of the formation of the Cunard Line, which was formed and based in the city. At low tide, the three ships stopped in line in middle of the River Mersey, bow to stern, turned 180 degrees in full synchronisation with each other, which was known as river dance), they then formed an arrow side by side. Queen Mary 2 was in the centre with its bow in line with the Cunard Building at the Pier Head. The Royal Air Force's display team, the Red Arrows, performed a flypast in Vic formation, emitting red, white and blue smoke, over the vessels. An estimated 1.3 million people lined the river banks to witness the spectacle.[29]

On 13 August 2016 Queen Elizabeth made the 2,500th cruise ship call at Kiel, Germany.[30]

QE2 50th Anniversary Celebration

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In September 2017 the ship hosted a special commemorative cruise to honour the 50th anniversary of its predecessor QE2.[31] The Mediterranean cruise was chosen to pay tribute to QE2's role as a cruise ship.[32] Special guests include Captain Ian McNaught, Commodore Ronald Warwick, Maritime Historian Chris Frame and QE2 Social Hostess Maureen Ryan.[33]

2019 refit

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In January 2019 Queen Elizabeth underwent a two week refit at the Damen Shiprepair Brest. Cabins, corridors, the spa and retail spaces were refurbished. Two cabins were removed to install an exhaust gas cleaning system (EGCS).[34]

On 23 May 2019, Queen Elizabeth began regular service between Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and various destinations in Alaska, United States.[35]

Australia 2019

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Queen Elizabeth left Southampton in December 2019 for an extended cruise season in Australia.[36][37][38]

On 24 February 2020 Queen Elizabeth was denied permission to dock in Rabaul by the  Governor of East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea due to their growing concerns regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.[39][40]

On 28 February 2020 the Queen Elizabeth was the largest ship to ever dock at the Port of Cairns, Queensland, after shipping channel and wharf upgrades.[41][42]

Australia banned cruise ships arriving from foreign ports from 15 March 2020, and on 27 March 2020 directed all foreign-flagged ships to leave the country.[43] Queen Elizabeth was initially moored offshore near Newcastle, Australia, before departing for Manila Bay, Philippines, to anchor with a number of other cruise ships.[44]   On 18 May 2020 Typhoon Vongfong briefly forced to sea all the cruise ships anchored in Manila Bay.[45]

On 26 July 2020 Queen Elizabeth departed Manila Bay and returned to the UK, where it moored in Weymouth Bay with its sister ships, Queen Mary 2 and Queen Victoria, for the rest of 2020 and the first half of 2021.[46]

Resumption of cruising 2021

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Queen Elizabeth in Lisbon, 2021

Resumption of cruising by Queen Elizabeth, scheduled for 19 July 2021, was delayed due to a small number of crew contracting COVID-19.[47]

Queen Elizabeth finally returned to sailing on 13 August 2021 after a 17-month break.[48]

On 28 November 2021 the Queen Elizabeth was unable to dock in Southampton due to the extreme weather of Storm Arwen causing the next voyage to be cancelled.[49]

Alaska 2022

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In July 2021 large cruise ships returned to Alaska.[50] However, Canada extended the ban on cruise ships until April 2022.[51][52][53][54]

In May 2022 Queen Elizabeth returned to the North Pacific to start the Alaska cruise season.[55]

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) recognized the contribution of the Queen Elizabeth for reporting 192 whale sightings in 2022 to their Whale Alert Alaska program.[56][57]

In August the Queen Elizabeth returned to Europe for the 2022 autumn season.[55]

Australia 2022

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Australia reopened for cruise ships on 17 April 2022[58][59] and on 31 July 2022, New Zealand's borders reopened for cruise ships.[60]

Queen Elizabeth returned to Australia for an extended summer cruise season on 7 November 2022.[61] On 27 November 2022, Queen Elizabeth was prevented from visiting Bali, Indonesia, due to some passengers testing positive for COVID-19, and was diverted to Fremantle but was then able to continue the scheduled cruise around Australia.[62]

In January 2023, the Queen Elizabeth was forced to skip visits to Fiordland, including Milford Sound, and Dunedin in New Zealand due to biofouling concerns.[63] On 15 January 2023, adverse weather offshore from Tauranga prevented safe hull cleaning and the ship was prevented from visiting the Bay of Islands.[64][65]

In February 2023, after extensive consultation with New Zealand authorities, it was stipulated that additional work was required in advance of visiting any New Zealand destinations, which was not possible. The planned cruise to New Zealand was replaced with visits to Australian ports.[66] Having completed the Australian cruise season the Queen Elizabeth sailed for Singapore via Bali and Jakarta. On 16 March 2023, the Queen Elizabeth entered Sembcorp Marine Shipyards drydock for scheduled maintenance in preparation for the North Pacific summer cruise season.[67]

Japan 2023

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On 15 November 2022, Japan announced it would be reopening for cruise ship visits.[68] On 3 April 2023, the Queen Elizabeth left Singapore on a repositioning cruise to Japan via Vietnam, Philippines and Taiwan.[67]

The Queen Elizabeth was based in Japan for the spring cruise season.[69] This coincided with the 100th anniversary year of the visit of the Cunard RMS Laconia to Japan on the first continuous circumnavigation of the world by a passenger liner in 1923, the first world cruise.[69][70][71]

To celebrate the Coronation of King Charles III on 6 May 2023, the Queen Elizabeth channeled the ceremony live from Westminster Abbey into the ship's Royal Court Theatres and stateroom TVs. There was also a special Coronation dinner menu, cocktails and events.[72][73][74]

Alaska 2023

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In May 2023 the Queen Elizabeth sailed to Alaska for the summer.[75][76][77] Queen Elizabeth is one of a handful of cruise ships permitted to sail in the UNESCO-listed Glacier Bay National Park. US National Park Service park rangers onboard the ship provided special presentations about the park.[78][79] Former SAS member turned TV adventurer Bear Grylls also provide motivational presentations.[80]

The Queen Elizabeth crossed the Atlantic in September 2023 to spend the autumn in the Mediterranean before transiting the Suez Canal and heading for Australia for the 2023/2024 Christmas season in the southern hemisphere summer, Japan for spring 2024 and back to Alaska in early summer 2024.[79]

HMNZS Manawanui

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In October 2024, along with the Norwegian vessel MS Lodbrog, the Queen Elizabeth responded to the mayday and eventual sinking of the Royal New Zealand Navy ship HMNZS Manawanui.[81][82]

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c Cunard Line (10 October 2007). "Cunard to Build "Queen Elizabeth"".
  2. ^ "Queen Elizabeth | Ships, History, Fire, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  3. ^ "Cunard - Welcome to the latest news from Cunard". Cunard. Archived from the original on 2 July 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  4. ^ "Queen Elizabeth". Cunard. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  5. ^ "Three Queens: Spotlight on Queen Elizabeth". Lancashire Telegraph. 3 May 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  6. ^ "Queen Elizabeth Press Launch" (Press release). Cunard Line. 17 March 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
  7. ^ "Britannia Club". Cunard. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010.
  8. ^ "Queen Elizabeth". Avid Cruiser. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  9. ^ "The Queen WILL name the Queen! (10556)". cruises.co.uk. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  10. ^ Peter Woodman (11 October 2010). "Queen officially names luxury liner". The Independent. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  11. ^ Charles Starmer-Smith (1 September 2010). "Queen to name Cunard's new ship". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  12. ^ "Breaking News – The Master is Appointed For Queen Elizabeth". Cunard Blog. 7 September 2009. Retrieved 14 September 2009.
  13. ^ "MS Queen Elizabeth naming ceremony highlights". Cunard. 13 October 2010. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  14. ^ "Iconic Cunard Line Queens to Meet for Historic Royal Rendezvous in New York Harbour on 13 January". PR New Wire. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  15. ^ "It's Official: Cunard Re-flags Ships in Bermuda, Launches Weddings at Sea". Cruise Critic. 19 October 2011. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  16. ^ "Cunard Line Announces 2012-2013 Deployment". cruiseindustrynews.com. 7 March 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  17. ^ "Cruise regulations put Svalbard off-limits". The Telegraph. 17 March 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  18. ^ "Hafen Hamburg - "Queen Mary 2" und "Queen Elizabeth" im Doppelpack". Hamburger Abendblatt.
  19. ^ "Queen Elizabeth and Queen Mary to meet in first Cunard royal rendezvous". Breaking Travel News. 2 March 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  20. ^ "Sir David Frost, broadcaster and writer, dies at 74". BBC. 1 September 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  21. ^ Staff Writers (1 March 2014). "Happy Mardi Gras from Queen Elizabeth". Star Observer. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  22. ^ "Mardi Gras under way in Sydney with Queen Elizabeth's blessing". The Guardian. Australian Associated Press. 1 March 2014. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  23. ^ "Cruise ship's colourful entrance to Mardi Gras". Daily Echo. 2 March 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  24. ^ "Pictures of the day". The Telegraph. 9 May 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  25. ^ "Cunard cruise circles English Channel for four days". BBC News. 23 December 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  26. ^ Machan, Teresa (5 February 2016). "Queen Elizabeth passenger dies boarding a cruise ship tender". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  27. ^ "Passenger Dies Boarding Cunard's Queen Elizabeth". TravelPulse. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  28. ^ Walker, Jim (1 April 2015). "Passenger Dies in Queen Elizabeth Tender Mishap". Cruise Law News. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  29. ^ "Three Queens: Eyes of the world on Liverpool for Cunard's 175th anniversary". Liverpool Echo. 26 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  30. ^ Mayes, William (2016). Ships Monthly November 2016. p. 13.
  31. ^ "Cunard sailing to mark 50th anniversary of QE2 launch". Travelweekly.co.uk. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  32. ^ "Cunard's Queen Elizabeth Cruise Ship to Host QE2 50th Anniversary Celebrations". Cruisecritic.com.au. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  33. ^ "Big Fat Cruise Wrap – Travel Weekly". Travelweekly.com.au. 23 August 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  34. ^ "Damen Shiprepair Brest completes refit of Cunard's 'Queen Elizabeth'". archive.damen.com. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  35. ^ Meghji, Riaz (23 July 2019). "Cunard's maiden call to Vancouver". CityNews1130. CityNews. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  36. ^ "Queen Elizabeth to be Based in Australia for 2019-2020 Season". 18 February 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  37. ^ "Grand Voyages on Queen Elizabeth 2019 - Cunard". Cunardline.com.au. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  38. ^ "Melbourne cruise schedule". Victorian Ports Corporation - Melbourne. 24 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  39. ^ "Coronavirus: Tourism operators in PNG demand answers over ship ban". RNZ. 6 March 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  40. ^ "3000 tourists denied entry into Rabaul". postcourier.com.pg. 26 February 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  41. ^ dredgingtoday (28 February 2020). "Cairns Port Dredging Pays Off Big". Dredging Today. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  42. ^ "Cairns on cruise control as Port salutes largest ever ship visit". Mirage News. 28 February 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  43. ^ Butler, Ben; Davies, Anne; Farr, Malcolm (7 April 2020). "Coronavirus: legal action could undo government order that cruise ships leave Australian waters". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  44. ^ Thakkar, Emrys (28 April 2020). "Almost a Dozen Cruise Ships Anchored in Manila Bay in One Day". Cruise Hive. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  45. ^ "Typhoon Sends Manila Cruise Ships to Sea". The Maritime Executive. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  46. ^ Moore, Geoff (11 January 2021). "3 Cunard Queen Ships Together Off Dorset". The Travel Trunk. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  47. ^ "Covid: Cunard Queen Elizabeth cruises cancelled after crew test positive". BBC News. 9 July 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  48. ^ "Cunard's Queen Elizabeth to return to sailing on August 13 | Cruise News". CruiseMapper. 11 August 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  49. ^ "Cruise aboard luxury liner Queen Elizabeth cancelled because of Storm Arwen". Daily Echo. 27 November 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  50. ^ Brooks, James (10 July 2021). "Large cruise ships are returning to Southeast Alaska, ending a 21-month hiatus". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  51. ^ "Government of Canada announces the new public health plan for cruise ships". www.canada.ca. 7 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  52. ^ Warburton, Moira (15 July 2021). "Canada to allow return of cruise ships in November, with conditions". Reuters. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  53. ^ "Murkowski Welcomes Restoration of Alaska Cruise Ships". www.murkowski.senate.gov. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  54. ^ Turner, Matt (8 March 2022). "Canada OKs Cruising Starting in April". Travel Agent Central. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  55. ^ a b Mayntz, Melissa (10 March 2022). "Cunard Line is Returning to Alaska for the First Time Since 2019". Cruise Hive. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  56. ^ Fisheries, NOAA (17 November 2022). "Cruise Ships Honored for Reporting Most Whales on Whale Alert Alaska Network | NOAA Fisheries". NOAA. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  57. ^ Miller, Raegan (17 November 2022). "NOAA recognizes 3 cruise ships as contributors to program meant to reduce whale strikes". KTOO. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  58. ^ "International cruises allowed in Australia from next month after two-year ban". www.9news.com.au. 15 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  59. ^ Hunt, Greg (15 March 2022). "Cruise ships ban to end April 17". Australian Government. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  60. ^ "'Hell of a ride': First cruise ship returns to Auckland since Covid pandemic". NZ Herald. 11 August 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  61. ^ Dickstein, David (5 May 2022). "Cunard's Queen Elizabeth makes her regal return before heading to Australia". Cruise Passenger. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  62. ^ "'10-15 per cent COVID-positive': Bali-bound cruise ship diverted to Fremantle". ABC News. 26 November 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  63. ^ Williams, Sue (6 January 2023). "Cruisers angry as fourth luxury ship banned from New Zealand's waters". Traveller. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  64. ^ Williams, Caroline (22 January 2023). "Cruise ship passengers miss out on Bay of Islands due to biosecurity issues". Stuff. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  65. ^ "New Zealand's hull law halts voyages, and cruisers learn a new term: Biofoul". www.travelweekly.com. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  66. ^ Polymeneas, Evangeline (15 February 2023). "Holiday nightmare as New Zealand cruise cancelled 24 hours before it was set to sail". The Advertiser. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  67. ^ a b "Cunard's Queen Elizabeth Enters Drydock in Singapore - Cruise Industry News | Cruise News". Cruise Industry News.com. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  68. ^ Cusmano, Joe (22 November 2022). "Japan Has Reopened Its Ports To international Cruise Ships". Travel Daily. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  69. ^ a b "Queen Elizabeth will restart Japan cruises in April 2023, stopping by Ishigaki, Hakata, Miyako, Aburatsu and Otaru for the first time". Travel Voice. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  70. ^ "Cunard: The First Continuous World Cruise". The Maritime Executive. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  71. ^ Street, Francesca (30 March 2023). "The first round-the-world passenger cruise took place 100 years ago. Here's what it was like on board". CNN. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  72. ^ Cunard. "Coronation Celebrations at Sea on board Cunard's Three Queens". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  73. ^ Tunney, Donna (2 May 2023). "Cunard Readies Coronation Celebrations on All Three Queens". Cruise Hive. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  74. ^ "Coronation Celebrations at Sea on board Cunard's Three Queens". Bloomberg.com. 2 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  75. ^ Diller, Nathan. "What is the best way to travel to Alaska? Cunard is offering a cruise and train experience". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  76. ^ "An Expert's Guide to Booking the Perfect Alaska Cruise in 2023". Condé Nast Traveler. 3 March 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  77. ^ James-Vargas, Kendall (21 October 2022). "Bear Grylls to Join Queen Elizabeth's Maiden 2023 Alaska Voyage". Cruise Hive. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  78. ^ Park, Mailing Address: Glacier Bay National; Gustavus, Preserve PO Box 140; Us, AK 99826 Phone: 907 697-2230 Contact. "Cruise Ships in Glacier Bay - Glacier Bay National Park & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 19 July 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  79. ^ a b Stone, Deborah (2 July 2023). "Everything you need to know about Cunard's Queen Elizabeth ship". Express.co.uk. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  80. ^ Johns, Jaye (21 October 2022). "Bear Grylls to join Cunard in Alaska in 2023". The Cruise Line. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  81. ^ Mercogliano, Sal. "The Royal New Zealand Navy's HMNZS Manawanui, Grounded, Then Sank Off the Coast of Samoa". Youtube. What is Going on With Shipping?. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
  82. ^ Howie, Cherie (6 October 2024). "Royal New Zealand Navy vessel HMNZS Manawanui runs aground near Samoa". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 8 October 2024.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Dawson, Philip (2010). Queen Elizabeth: a celebration of ocean travel for modern Elizabethan times (2nd ed.). Ramsey, Isle of Man: Lily Publications. ISBN 9781906608224.
  • Frame, Chris; Cross, Rachelle (2011). Queen Elizabeth: a photographic journey. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: The History Press. ISBN 9780752459165.
  • Thiel, Ingo (2011). Queen Elizabeth: Noble Eleganz zur See / Elegance at Sea (in German and English). Bielefeld, Germany: Delius Klasing. ISBN 9783768833226.
  • Wills, Elspeth (2011). Cunard Queens: the story of the six Cunard Line Queens. London: Open Agency. ISBN 9780954245191.
[edit]
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