Marutea Sud

Marutea Sud
	NASA picture of Marutea Sud Atoll
	Marutea Sud
Geography
Location	Pacific Ocean
Coordinates	21°31′S 135°33′W / 21.517°S 135.550°W
Archipelago	Tuamotus
Area	112 km2 (43 sq mi) (lagoon); 12 km2 (4.6 sq mi) (above water)
Length	20 km (12 mi)
Width	8 km (5 mi)
Administration
	France
Overseas collectivity	French Polynesia
Administrative subdivision	Îles Tuamotu-Gambier
Commune	Gambier
Largest settlement	Auorotini
Demographics
Population	245 (2016)

Marutea Atoll (Marutea Sud), also known as Lord Hood Island, Marutea-i-runga, and Nuku-nui, is an atoll in the far southeast of the Tuamotu group of French Polynesia. It lies in the east-northeast part of the Gambier (commune), about 72 km northeast from Maria Atoll.

Marutea Atoll is irregular in shape and bound by a reef broken by passes into the 112 km² (43 sq mi) lagoon. It is 20 km (12 mi) long with a maximum width of 8 km (5 mi) and a land area of approximately 12 km² (5 sq mi). Its islands are low and flat and the main village, Auorotini, is located at the northern end of the atoll. It is populated by ex Gambier Islanders looking for pearls and maintaining the pearl farms on the atoll.

Marutea Sud should not be confused with Marutea Nord located in the western area of the Tuamotu Archipelago at 17˚ 07' S, 143˚ 11' W.

History

The first recorded European to sight this atoll was Spanish explorer Pedro Fernández de Quirós on 4 February 1606. He called it San Telmo. Other Spanish names were San Blas, given by de Quiros' captain Diego de Prado y Tovar, and Corral de Agua is found in some contemporary charts (in Spanish, water corral).^[2] Marutea was later explored by Edward Edwards, while he was searching for the mutineers of HMS Bounty in 1791. Edwards renamed it "Lord Hood".

According to Russian Admiral Adam Johann von Krusenstern Marutea was once inhabited by the ancient Polynesians. British mariner Frederick William Beechey found a stone-walled hut upon it in 1825.

In 1984 Marutea Atoll was bought by Robert Wan, the main Tahitian black pearl trader, in order to engage in cultured black pearl farming.^[3]

A private airfield was built in 1993.

Administration

Administratively Marutea Sud belongs to the commune of the Gambier (commune).

References

^ "Population". Institut de la statistique de la Polynésie française. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
^ Kelly, Celsus, O.F.M. La Austrialia del Espiritu Santo. The Journal of Fray Martín de Munilla O.F.M. and other documents relating to the Voyage of Pedro Fernández de Quirós to the South Sea (1605–1606) and the Franciscan Missionary Plan (1617–1627) Cambridge, 1966, p.39, 62.
^ "La Perle de Tahiti : un siècle d'histoire" (in French). Tahiti Infos. 11 December 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2022.