Mochrum

Mochrum
Mochrum is located in Dumfries and Galloway
Mochrum
Mochrum
Location within Dumfries and Galloway
Council area
Lieutenancy area
CountryScotland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townNewton Stewart
Postcode districtDG8
PoliceScotland
FireScottish
AmbulanceScottish
UK Parliament
Scottish Parliament
List of places
UK
Scotland
54°48′N 4°34′W / 54.80°N 4.56°W / 54.80; -4.56

Mochrum (/ˈmɔːxrʌm/) is a coastal civil and Church of Scotland parish situated to the east of Luce Bay on the Machars peninsula and 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Wigtown and in the historical county of Wigtownshire in Galloway, Scotland. It covers 22,000 acres (8,900 ha) and is approximately 10 miles (16 km) in length and 5 miles (8.0 km) in breadth. The parish contains the eponymous village of Mochrum, as well as Port William and the clachan of Elrig.

Etymology

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Mochrum is recorded as Mochrumm in Blaeu as a hill-name. It is a Cumbric name formed of the elements moch 'pigs, swine' and drum 'ridge'. It is possible, but unlikely, that the name is Gaelic rather than Cumbric, formed of the cognate elements muc-druim.[1]

Kirk of Mochrum

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Mochrum kirk

Mochrum kirk was built on the site of a previous church building dating back to the 12th century. The former building was largely destroyed by fire in the 1770s, and the current building used most of the former building's rectangular walls in its construction in 1794, and was substantially altered again ca. 1840.

The churchyard contains ten war graves, of which four male and one female are unknown.

History

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Sir John Dunbar of Mochrum was killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. He was survived by his wife Janet Stewart, and his third son Gavin Dunbar (1490-1547), became Archbishop of Glasgow in 1524. A fortified mediaeval manor house is located at Castle Island, also called Drumwalt.

Myretoun McCulloch was owned by the McCullochs, and in 1574 they had the 5-merkland of Balsalloch in the "Barony of Myretoun".[2] Myretoun Castle is on the Monreith Estate, on the border of Mochrum and Glasserton parishes. It was owned by Sir William Maxwell, and then the Maxwells built Monreith House. Myrtoun Castle was built on an earlier motte,[3] but was there also a castle and motte on the island.

Archaeology

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The remains of Chapel Finian

Mochrum is the site of numerous prehistoric forts, earthworks, standing stones, and crannógs

About 1 mile (1.6 km) from Monreith is Barsalloch Point, where evidence of human encampments as early as 6000 BC may make it the oldest dated settlement in Galloway.

Barsalloch Iron Age fort at Mochrum, as well as both early and medieval crosses.[4][5] There is another Iron Age hill fort at Doon of May hill fort.[6]

The foundations are all that is left of Chapel Finian, a 10th-11th-century chapel standing on an old raised beach at Corwall Port. It most likely takes its name from Saint Finnian who was educated at nearby Whithorn and died ca. 579 AD. The site was probably a landing place for Irish pilgrims to Saint Ninian's shrine.[7] It is shown on Timothy Pont's map in Blaeu's Atlas, as "Chappel finan".[8]

Druchtag Motehill is a steep-sided mound and site of a 12th-century motte-and-bailey castle, lying about 100 metres (330 ft) north west of Mote Brae.[9][10] The Old Place of Mochrum was built in 1368.[11]

A crannog is in Elrig Loch.[12] A standing stone, the Carlin Stone, can be found on The Derry, near to the head of Elrig Loch. The ruins of a mediaeval chapel can be found at Barhobble, which is near to the House of Elrig.[13]

See also

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  • Garheugh Cave
    Garheugh Cave
  • Castle Island, Castle Loch
    Castle Island, Castle Loch
  • Castle Loch Burn flows from Castle Loch into Mochrum Loch
    Castle Loch Burn flows from Castle Loch into Mochrum Loch
  • Bronze Age cairn on Mochrum Fell
    Bronze Age cairn on Mochrum Fell
  • Burial cist on Mochrum Fell
    Burial cist on Mochrum Fell
  • Old Place of Mochrum, Drumwalt
    Old Place of Mochrum, Drumwalt
  • Mote of Crailloch and site of chapel on the right
    Mote of Crailloch and site of chapel on the right
  • View from the base of Mote of Crailloch
    View from the base of Mote of Crailloch
  • view of Mochrum Fell
    view of Mochrum Fell
  • Iron Age Hill Fort, Doon of May
    Iron Age Hill Fort, Doon of May
  • Mote of Druchtag
    Mote of Druchtag
  • Steps to Barsalloch Fort Iron-Age Settlement
    Steps to Barsalloch Fort Iron-Age Settlement
  • Elrig Loch crannog on the right
    Elrig Loch crannog on the right

References

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  1. ^ James, Alan G. (2014). "Cumbric trev in Kyle, Carrick, Galloway and Dumfriesshire". Transactions of the Dumfries and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society. 88. 31.
  2. ^ Rodney L. McCulloh. "Myreton 1". Mccullohreunion.org. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  3. ^ "Myrton Castle". ScotlandsPlaces. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  4. ^ "Barsalloch Fort Property Detail". Historic Scotland. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  5. ^ The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map (28 October 2007). ": The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map:". 46.37.163.74. Archived from the original on 28 November 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  6. ^ "Site Record for Doon Of May, May Details Details". Canmore.rcahms.gov.uk. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  7. ^ "finian". Dumfriesmuseum.demon.co.uk. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  8. ^ National Library of Scotland http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/page.cfm?id=95
  9. ^ "Druchtag Motte Property Detail". Historic Scotland. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  10. ^ "Druchtag Mote Hill". ScotlandsPlaces. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  11. ^ [1] Archived March 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Loch Elrig Crannog". megalithic.co.uk.
  13. ^ "Local St. Ninian Sites including St. Ninian's Cave, St. Ninian's Chapel and the Witness Cairn". Whithorn.com. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
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