Mount Mihara

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Mount Mihara" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Mount Mihara
三原山
Volcanic peak of Mount Mihara
Highest point
Elevation	764 m (2,507 ft)
Coordinates	34°43′28″N 139°23′41″E / 34.72444°N 139.39472°E / 34.72444; 139.39472
Geography
Mount Mihara Izu Ōshima, Japan
Geology
Mountain type	Stratovolcano with summit caldera
Last eruption	October 1990

Mount Mihara (三原山, Mihara-yama) is an active volcano on the Japanese isle of Izu Ōshima. Although the volcano is predominantly basaltic, major eruptions have occurred at intervals of 100–150 years.^[1]

Mount Mihara's major eruption in 1986 saw lava fountains up to 1.6 kilometres (1.0 mi) high. The eruption had a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 3, and involved a central vent eruption, radial fissure eruption, explosive eruption, lava flows, and a lava lake eruption. There was also a 16 km high subplinian plume. All of the island's 12,000 inhabitants were evacuated by dozens of military and civilian volunteer vessels.^[1]

The most recent eruption was in 1990.^[1]

From a vantage point near the top of the cone it was once possible to leap into the crater. As a result, the volcano became a popular venue for suicides. Beginning in the 1920s, several suicides occurred in the volcano every week. The most notable death by suicide is Matsumoto Kiyoko who tossed herself into Mihara's fiery pit due to her homosexuality, considered taboo at the time. Matsumoto, a young student who was in a relationship with fellow student Tomita Masako, traveled to the rim of the volcano where both intended to take their lives, with only Matsumoto herself doing so. After the incident, the suicide toll skyrocketed to 945 that year alone. Authorities eventually erected a fence around the base of the structure to curb the number of suicides.^[2]

Mt Mihara has been featured numerous times in fiction. In 1965, Oshima Island and the volcano itself appeared in the climax of Gamera's debut film, where the military lured the giant turtle there as a means to trap it in a giant rocket-ship built on the island.

Mount Mihara was the place where the Japanese government imprisoned Godzilla in the movie The Return of Godzilla. Five years later, in the sequel Godzilla vs. Biollante, bombs placed on Mt. Mihara go off and release Godzilla from his fiery tomb.

In the novel Ring by Koji Suzuki and its subsequent film adaption, Shizuko Yamamura, the mother of Sadako, predicted that Mount Mihara would someday erupt using her psychic abilities. After a failed psychic demonstration which resulted in Sadako psychically murdering a reporter, Shizuko became depressed and ultimately insane and committed suicide by leaping into the crater of Mount Mihara.

• Night Falls Fast: Understanding Suicide by Kay Redfield Jamison, Vintage Books 2000

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mount Mihara.

• Izu-Oshima - Japan Meteorological Agency (in Japanese)
• "Izu-Oshima: National catalogue of the active volcanoes in Japan" (PDF). - Japan Meteorological Agency
• Izu Oshima - Geological Survey of Japan