Nazca Corporation

Nazca Corporation
Nazca
Native name
株式会社ナスカ
Kabushiki gaisha Nasuka
Company typeKabushiki gaisha
IndustryVideo games
FoundedMay 1994; 30 years ago (May 1994)
DefunctOctober 1996; 28 years ago (October 1996)
FateAcquired by and merged into SNK
SuccessorSNK
HeadquartersSuita, Osaka, Japan
Area served
Japan
Key people
Yoshihiko Kodo (president)
ProductsVideo games
Number of employees
Approx. 30 (1996)

Nazca Corporation[a] was a Japanese company that developed video games for the Neo Geo games console. The company was formed in 1994 by a group of employees from Irem who were tired of the company's inactivity.[1] In 1996, the company was acquired by SNK.[2]

History

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R-Type II's graphical style bears great similarity to what this team is known for. However, it is generally thought their first game was Air Duel; they would later make games such as Armed Police Unit Gallop, Undercover Cops, Pound For Pound, Ken-Go, and In the Hunt. Their final game for Irem was GunForce II, after which they left and created Nazca, creating Neo Turf Masters and Metal Slug; the latter shares many stylistic similarities to the previous Irem works and both titles were made with the same development kits used for several Irem arcade games. SNK, impressed by the success of Nazca's titles, formally acquired the developer, and would make the second and third Metal Slug games. The team disbanded after SNK filed for bankruptcy in 2001.

Nine of the original Nazca staff (including planner Meeher, designers Akio and Susumu, and development manager Kawai) answered questions from an undated text interview that was translated and included in Metal Slug Anthology.

Because the common use of pseudonyms in arcade titles to hide identities, details of its staff remains scarce. One known key member is composer Takushi Hiyamuta (credited with names such as "HIYA!" and "HIYA-UNIT"), responsible for composing nearly every game listed here, in whole or part (he did not compose for Kaitei Daisensou; also, although he did not compose for R-Type II, he did for Super R-Type). He was considered part of SNK's in-house band, the "Shinsekai Gakkyoku Zatsugidan" ("New World Music Acrobatics"). He was interviewed for the Metal Slug Complete Sound Box released in 2008. The only works he is credited for since Metal Slug 3 are Yuusha 30, and producer on Sammy Corporation's Dolphin Blue, a credit he shares with fellow Nazca staffer KOZO. He currently works as a freelance musician, serving as the lead guitarist in the rock band GRowTH.

Graphic designer Akio worked for SNK after their bankruptcy in 2001, serving as the lead character designer for Metal Slug Anthology, and as character designer for Metal Slug XX . His final involvement with the company was the design of Metal Slug protagonist Marco Rossi for 2010's Neo Geo Heroes: Ultimate Shooting, released a few months after Metal Slug XX. Other contributions he made directly for the company are currently unknown. He currently works as a freelance artist, remaining fairly active on Japanese art website Pixiv, and has contributed illustrations to Mobius Final Fantasy and Street Fighter V: Arcade Edition. He created a Twitter account in early April 2023, and would later begin to post design documents from Metal Slug.

Kazuma Kujo, credited as KIRE-NAG in the first Metal Slug, went on to form Granzella after leaving both Irem and Nazca, but declined to comment on the status and identity of key staff members including lead designer Meeher and graphic artists Akio and Susumu. While he was responsible for the design of the gameplay, he left Nazca prior to Metal Slug's release due to internal disputes but has maintained friendship with the developers.

In May 2023, Akio Oyabu, Meeher, Kuichin, Takushi Hiyamuta and Shinichi Hamada reunited and announced they are developing a spiritual successor titled Black Finger JET for Steam under Kodachi Studio, with Märchen Forest developer Shinano Ishiguro serving as director.

Staff and design philosophy

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Due to the common use of pseudonyms in arcade titles to hide identities, details of its staff remains scarce but various individuals have been important figures in the history of Nazca Corporation:

  • Yoshihiko Kodo - Former Irem executive and president of Nazca Corporation. Later appointed as president of SNK. Executive producer for Metal Slug X.[3][4][5]
  • Takashi Nishiyama – Creator of Moon Patrol, Street Fighter and Fatal Fury. Head of development for Metal Slug. Later founded Dimps.[6]
  • Kinte – Team leader for R-Type. Chief designer for Neo Turf Masters.[7]
  • Kazuma Kujo – Co-designer for Metal Slug under the pseudonym "Kire-Nag". Later formed Granzella.[8][9][10]
  • Meeher (みぃはぁ) – Co-designer for Metal Slug.[11] Left SNK after their initial bankruptcy, but would return in 2003 to be a part of their pachislot division. He was also instrumental in helping Kazuma Kujo starting up Granzella.
  • Atsushi Kurooka – Programmer for Metal Slug. Previously worked on GunForce II at Irem. Later worked at PlatinumGames on The Wonderful 101.[12]
  • Kenji Andō – Programmer for Metal Slug under the pseudonym "Andy".[13]
  • Shinichi Hamada – Programmer for Metal Slug under the pseudonym "Hamachan".[13]
  • Akio Oyabu – Character designer for R-Type. Artist for Metal Slug. Later worked as freelancer on several projects. Currently active on Pixiv.[7][14][15][16][17][18]
  • Susumu - Background artist for several Irem titles and Metal Slug. Like Akio, he became a freelance illustrator.
  • Kazuhiro Tanaka – Artist for Metal Slug under the pseudonym "Max.D".[13][19]
  • Takeshi Okui – Artist for Metal Slug. Later worked at Squaresoft and Monolith Soft on several projects.[13]
  • Takushi Hiyamuta – Composer for Neo Turf Masters and Metal Slug under the pseudonym "Hiya". Later worked as freelancer on several projects.[20]

Atsushi Inaba, formerly of Capcom and current CEO at PlatinumGames, was a member of Nazca after leaving Irem, doing income management, then SNK after its acquisition, rekindling his interest in video game development. Although details were never delved, Inaba stated he did programming work on a Samurai Shodown title and was unhappy with his experience at SNK.[21] R-Type composer Masato Ishizaki was also a member of Nazca.[22]

Games

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Developed

[edit]
Year Title Original platform(s) Publisher Co-developer
1996 Neo Turf Masters Arcade, Android, iOS, Linux, Macintosh, Microsoft Windows, Neo Geo AES, Neo Geo CD, Neo Geo Pocket Color SNK Saurus (NGPC), Dotemu (Mobile/PC)
Metal Slug Arcade, Android, iOS, Linux, Macintosh, Microsoft Windows, Neo Geo AES, Neo Geo CD, PlayStation, PlayStation Network, Sega Saturn SNK SNK (SS), Ukiyotei (PS), M2 (PSN), Dotemu (Mobile/PC)
1998 Metal Slug 2 Arcade, Android, iOS, Linux, Macintosh, Microsoft Windows, Neo Geo AES, Neo Geo CD, PlayStation Network SNK M2 (PSN), Dotemu (Mobile/PC)
1999 Metal Slug X Arcade, Android, iOS, Linux, Macintosh, Microsoft Windows, Neo Geo AES, PlayStation SNK Prosoft Corporation (PS), Dotemu (Mobile/PC)
2000 Metal Slug 3 Arcade, Android, iOS, Linux, Macintosh, Microsoft Windows, Neo Geo AES, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Network, Xbox SNK Noise Factory (PS2), Dotemu (Mobile/PC), Code Mystics (PSN)

Notes

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  1. ^ Japanese: 株式会社ナスカ, Hepburn: Kabushiki gaisha Nasuka

References

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  1. ^ "Overseas Readers Column - Irem Reduces Its Video Game R&D Division". Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 470. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 April 1994. p. 26.
  2. ^ "SNK 会社ナスカ". Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 528. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 October 1996. p. 7.
  3. ^ "Overseas Readers Column - N. Ota for President of Irem Corp". Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 466. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 February 1994. p. 26.
  4. ^ "SNK 会社ナスカ". Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 473. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 June 1994. p. 7.
  5. ^ "Overseas Readers Column - New SNK President; Yoshihiko Kodo". Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 511. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 February 1996. p. 22.
  6. ^ Leone, Matt (14 December 2011). "The Man Who Created Street Fighter". 1UP.com. IGN. Archived from the original on 3 January 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  7. ^ a b Ishii, Zenji; Suzuki, GOD (December 1987). "R-TYPE開発座談会; R-TYPE Q&A". Gamest (in Japanese). No. 15. Shinseisha. pp. 10–12. (Translation by Shmuplations. Archived 2019-12-30 at the Wayback Machine).
  8. ^ Szczepaniak, John (January 2012). "The Making Of: Metal Slug". Retro Gamer. No. 98. Imagine Publishing. pp. 24–31. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  9. ^ Szczepaniak, John (4 November 2015). Kazuma KUJO. Vol. 2. S.M.G. Szczepaniak. p. 322. ISBN 978-1518818745. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  10. ^ Mielke, James (25 June 2019). "How R-Type came back from the dead". Polygon. Vox Media. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  11. ^ "Metal Slug – 1999 Developer Interview". shmuplations.com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  12. ^ @PG_kurooka (18 October 2014). "Latest The Wonderful 101. Oldest GunForce2, MetalSlug1 RT @HokutoAndy: @PG_kurooka Other than Korra, what video games have you worked on?" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2020 – via Twitter.
  13. ^ a b c d Games 96-09: Metal Slug: Super Vehicle-001; Interviews: Kazuma Kujo; Interviews: Shinichi Hamada & Takeshi Okui; Interviews: Andoh Kenji. Bitmap Books. 11 November 2019. pp. 70–111, 390–394, 407–414, 423–427. ISBN 978-1-9993533-5-3. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  14. ^ "ゲームデザ イナー大全集". Famitsu (in Japanese). No. 151. ASCII Corporation. 8 November 1991. pp. 85–100. (Translation by Shmuplations. Archived 2020-05-20 at the Wayback Machine).
  15. ^ "AKIO". Monthly Arcadia (in Japanese). No. 119. Enterbrain. April 2010. pp. 23–25.
  16. ^ Akio (2012). "Welcome to the Akio Laboratory". Akio Lab. FC2. Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  17. ^ aiko (24 March 2009). "akio". Pixiv. Pixiv Inc. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  18. ^ Bitmap Books (25 June 2022). "Birth of the cool: How The King of Fighters came to be". eurogamer.
  19. ^ "SNK". Famitsu (in Japanese). No. 1545. Gzbrain. 26 July 2018. (Translation by One Million Power. Archived 2019-12-23 at the Wayback Machine).
  20. ^ "Neo Turf Masters with Takushi Hiyamuta". pixelatedaudio.com. Pixelated Audio. December 2016. Archived from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  21. ^ Sheffield, Brandon (23 October 2006). "Capcom & Clover, Over and Over: Former Clover Head Atsushi Inaba on a Post-Capcom World". Gamasutra. UBM Technology Group. Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  22. ^ Tanaka, Haruhisa (25 March 2014). "R-Type Creator Interview (クリエイターインタビュー): Masato Ishizaki (石崎正人)". Shooting Gameside (in Japanese). Vol. 9. Micro Magazine. pp. 50–57. ISBN 978-4896374551. (Translation by Shmuplations. Archived 2020-01-23 at the Wayback Machine).
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