| Medal | Championship | Name | Event |
 Gold |  1934 Turin | Chris Berger | Men's 100 metres |
| Gold | 1934 Turin | Chris Berger | Men's 200 metres |
| Gold | 1934 Turin | Willem Peeters | Men's triple jump |
 Bronze | 1934 Turin | Tinus Osendarp | Men's 200 metres |
| Bronze | 1934 Turin | Tinus Osendarp
Tjeerd Boersma
Robert Jansen
Chris Berger | Men's 4x100 metres relay |
| Gold |  1938 Paris | Tinus Osendarp | Men's 100 metres |
| Gold | 1938 Paris | Tinus Osendarp | Men's 200 metres |
 Silver | 1938 Paris | Karl Baumgarten | Men's 400 metres |
| Silver |  1938 Vienna | Nelly van Balen-Blanken | Women's high jump |
| Bronze | 1938 Paris | Reinden Brasser | Men's 110 metres hurdles |
| Bronze | 1938 Vienna | Fanny Blankers-Koen | Women's 100 metres |
| Bronze | 1938 Vienna | Fanny Blankers-Koen | Women's 200 metres |
| Bronze | 1938 Vienna | Catherina Ter Braake | Women's 80 metres hurdles |
| Gold |  1946 Oslo | Fanny Blankers-Koen | Women's 80 metres hurdles |
| Gold | 1946 Oslo | Gerda van der Kade-Koudijs
Netty Witziers-Timmer
Marta Adema
Fanny Blankers-Koen | Women's 4x100 metres relay |
| Gold | 1946 Oslo | Gerda van der Kade-Koudijs | Women's long jump |
| Silver | 1946 Oslo | Wim Slijkhuis | Men's 5000 metres |
| Silver | 1946 Oslo | Ann Niesink | Women's discus throw |
| Bronze | 1946 Oslo | Johanna Koning | Women's javelin throw |
| Gold |  1950 Brussels | Fanny Blankers-Koen | Women's 100 metres |
| Gold | 1950 Brussels | Fanny Blankers-Koen | Women's 200 metres |
| Gold | 1950 Brussels | Fanny Blankers-Koen | Women's 80 metres hurdles |
| Gold | 1950 Brussels | Wim Slijkhuis | Men's 1500 metres |
| Silver | 1950 Brussels | Gerard Wessels | Men's long jump |
| Silver | 1950 Brussels | Wilhelmina Lust | Women's long jump |
| Silver | 1950 Brussels | Xenia Stad-de Jong
Bertha Brouwer
Gré de Jongh
Fanny Blankers-Koen | Women's 4x100 metres relay |
| Bronze | 1950 Brussels | Jan Lammers | Men's 200 metres |
| Silver |  1954 Bern | Bertha van Duyne | Women's 100 metres |
| Gold |  1962 Belgrade | Gerda Kraan | Women's 800 metres |
| Silver | 1962 Belgrade | Kees Koch | Men's discus throw |
| Bronze | 1962 Belgrade | Tilly van der Zwaard | Women's 400 metres |
| Silver |  1969 Athens | Wilma van den Berg | Women's 100 metres |
| Silver | 1969 Athens | Maria Gommers | Women's 1500 metres |
| Gold | 1982 Athens | Gerard Nijboer | Men's marathon |
| Bronze |  1986 Stuttgart | Han Kulker | Men's 1500 metres |
| Bronze | 1986 Stuttgart | Nelli Cooman | Women's 100 metres |
| Silver | 1990 Split | Erik de Bruijn | Men's discus throw |
| Bronze |  1998 Budapest | Robin Korving | Men's 110 metres hurdles |
| Silver | 2002 Munich | Simon Vroemen | Men's 3000 metres steeplechase |
| Gold |  2006 Gothenburg | Bram Som | Men's 800 metres |
| Silver | 2006 Gothenburg | Karin Ruckstuhl | Women's heptathlon |
| Bronze | 2006 Gothenburg | Rutger Smith | Men's shot put |
| Gold |  2010 Barcelona | Yvonne Hak | Women's 800 metres |
| Silver | 2010 Barcelona | Eelco Sintnicolaas | Men's decathlon |
| Bronze | 2010 Barcelona | Hilda Kibet | Women's 10,000 metres |
| Gold |  2012 Helsinki | Churandy Martina | Men's 200 metres |
| Gold | 2012 Helsinki | Churandy Martina
Brian Mariano
Giovanni Codrington
Patrick van Luijk | Men's 4 × 100 metres relay |
| Silver | 2012 Helsinki | Kadene Vassell
Dafne Schippers
Eva Lubbers
Jamile Samuel | Women's 4 × 100 metres relay |
| Silver | 2012 Helsinki | Patrick van Luijk | Men's 200 metres |
| Silver | 2012 Helsinki | Rutger Smith | Men's shot put |
| Bronze | 2012 Helsinki | Rutger Smith | Men's discus throw |
| Gold | 2014 Zurich | Dafne Schippers | Women's 100m |
| Gold | 2014 Zurich | Dafne Schippers | Women's 200m |
| Gold | 2014 Zurich | Sifan Hassan | Women's 1500m |
| Silver | 2014 Zurich | Nadine Broersen | Women's heptathlon |
| Silver | 2014 Zurich | Sifan Hassan | Women's 5000m |
| Bronze | 2014 Zurich | Susan Kuijken | Women's 5000m |
| Gold |  2016 Amsterdam | Churandy Martina | Men's 100m |
| Gold | 2016 Amsterdam | Dafne Schippers | Women's 100m |
| Gold | 2016 Amsterdam | Anouk Vetter | Women's heptathlon |
| Gold | 2016 Amsterdam | Jamile Samuel
Dafne Schippers
Tessa van Schagen
Naomi Sedney | Women's 4 x 100 metres relay |
| Silver | 2016 Amsterdam | Sifan Hassan | Women's 1500m |
| Bronze | 2016 Amsterdam | Liemarvin Bonevacia | Men's 400m |
| Bronze | 2016 Amsterdam | Ignisious Gaisah | Men's long jump |
| Gold | 2018 Berlin | Sifan Hassan | Women's 5000m |
| Silver | 2018 Berlin | Dafne Schippers | Women's 200m |
| Silver | 2018 Berlin | Susan Krumins | Women's 10,000m |
| Silver | 2018 Berlin | Dafne Schippers
Marije van Hunenstein
Jamile Samuel
Naomi Sedney | Women's 4 x 100 metres relay |
| Bronze | 2018 Berlin | Dafne Schippers | Women's 100m |
| Bronze | 2018 Berlin | Jamile Samuel | Women's 200m |
| Bronze | 2018 Berlin | Lisanne de Witte | Women's 400m |
| Bronze | 2018 Berlin | Chris Garia
Churandy Martina
Hensley Paulina
Taymir Burnet | Men's 4 x 100 metres relay |
| Gold | 2022 Munich | Jessica Schilder | Women's shot put |
| Gold | 2022 Munich | Femke Bol | Women's 400 metres |
| Gold | 2022 Munich | Femke Bol | Women's 400 metres hurdles |
| Gold | 2022 Munich | Eveline Saalberg
Lieke Klaver
Lisanne de Witte
Femke Bol | Women's 4 × 400 metres relay |
| Bronze | 2022 Munich | Nienke Brinkman | Women's marathon |
| Bronze | 2022 Munich | Jorinde van Klinken | Women's shot put |
| Gold |  2024 Rome | Jessica Schilder | Women's shot put |
| Gold | 2024 Rome | Femke Bol | Women's 400 metres hurdles |
| Gold | 2024 Rome | Cathelijn Peeters
Lieke Klaver
Lisanne de Witte
Femke Bol | Women's 4 × 400 metres relay |
| Silver | 2024 Rome | Jorinde van Klinken | Women's shot put |
| Silver | 2024 Rome | Jorinde van Klinken | Women's discus throw |
| Silver | 2024 Rome | Diane van Es | Women's 10,000m |
| Silver | 2024 Rome | Elvis Afrifa
Taymir Burnet
Xavi Mo-Ajok
Nsikak Ekpo | Men's 4 x 100 metres relay |
| Bronze | 2024 Rome | Liemarvin Bonevacia | Men's 400 metres |
| Bronze | 2024 Rome | Lieke Klaver | Women's 400 metres |
| Bronze | 2024 Rome | Cathelijn Peeters | Women's 400 metres hurdles |
| Bronze | 2024 Rome | Liemarvin Bonevacia
Lieke Klaver
Isaya Klein Ikkink
Femke Bol | Mixed 4 × 400 metres relay |
| Bronze | 2024 Rome | Nadine Visser
Marije van Hunenstijn
Minke Bisschops
Tasa Jiya | Women's 4 × 400 metres relay |
1934 Turin
/
1938 Paris/Vienna
1946 Oslo
1950 Brussels
1954 Bern
1958 Stockholm
1962 Belgrade
1966 Budapest
1969 Athens
1971 Helsinki
1974 Rome
1978 Prague
1986 Stuttgart
2010 Barcelona
2016 Amsterdam