Obraz (organization)

For other uses, see Obraz (disambiguation).
Obraz
Образ
LeaderMladen Obradović
FounderNebojša M. Krstić
Founded1993
HeadquartersBelgrade
Ideology
Political positionFar-right[9][10]
ReligionSerbian Orthodox Church
Party flag
Website
obraz.rs (archived)

Obraz (Serbian: Образ; fully the Fatherland Front "Obraz", Serbian: Отачаствени покрет "Образ", romanized: Otačastveni pokret "Obraz", lit. 'cheek') is a far-right political organization in Serbia.[11][12] The Constitutional Court of Serbia banned Obraz in 2012, although it shortly after re-registered under a similar name.[13]

The organization is classified as clero-fascist by several organizations and government institutions, including the government of the Serbian province of Vojvodina and the Serbian Ministry of Interior.[14][15][16] On 12 June 2012 Obraz was officially banned by the Constitutional Court of Serbia.[17] While swearing allegiance to the Serbian nation and to the Serbian Orthodox religion, Obraz is committed to a struggle against those groups which it views as enemies of the Orthodox Serbian people, such as "Zionists (which they also include Kabbalists, Manichaeists, Freemasons and Illuminati as part of the wider Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory), Ustashe (mainly Croatian nationalists), Muslim extremists (mainly Bosniak nationalists), Albanian terrorists (mainly Albanian nationalists), false pacifists (mainly human rights activists and NGOs in Serbia), political partisans, sectarians (religious sects), perverts (which they include pedophiles and the LGBT population), drug addicts and criminals (mainly Serbian mafia)". The movement's ideology is mainly influenced by Nikolaj Velimirović, Dimitrije Ljotić and the Yugoslav National Movement Zbor.[18][19][20]

Activities

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The current leader of Obraz, Mladen Obradović
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In late 2001 they staged the First Assembly of the Orthodox-National Youth at the Belgrade University after 1944. Participants in the Assembly were members of society "Sveti Justin Filozof", Serbian Assembly "Dveri"[citation needed], and the Serbian Orthodox priests. However, most emphasised was the "Spiritual vertical of the Serb history and Serb people". The rally underlined the spiritual authority of Justin Popović and Nikolaj Velimirović and urged creation of the Serb state in line with their ideas. There were many priests and also girls dressed in Serb folk-costumes. The Assembly also called on reconciliation between followers of Draža Mihailović, and dissemination of their ideas in schools.

Obraz praised war criminal indictees Ratko Mladić and Radovan Karadžić: "We salute the last of Serb heroes! Gen. Ratko Mladić [...] and Dr. Radovan Karadžić [...] led Bosnian Serbs in their fight for survival; we thank the great men for their sacrifices with a hope that our pages will strike a spark of inspiration for future generations."[18]

According to Professor Dr. Ljubiša Rajić, the message on the Obraz' web site: "re-hashes old ideas of svetosavlje, which attach primary importance to assembly-making, monarchy, clericalism, conservatism, and patriarchal culture. Moreover those ideas are currently openly espoused by contemporary ideologues of Serb nationalism, the far-right parties and some Serbian Orthodox priests”.

"We are waiting for you!", a message to participants of the 2009 Belgrade Gay Pride Parade that was ultimately banned by the state.[21]

But that anti-LGBT sentiment[22] is characteristic also of other organizations, like Fatherland Front "Obraz", which according to Nebojša M. Krstić, president of movement "verbally fights against abuses of human rights committed for the sake of legalization of sexually deviant homosexuals and lesbians and numerous sects in our country"[citation needed] Members of the organization chanted "Death to faggots" (Serbian: Смрт педерима).[23]

In February 2008, Obraz symbols were displayed at a Kosovo Serb rally in the northern part of the city of Kosovska Mitrovica[24] and during the Kosovo is Serbia rally in protest against the independence of Kosovo.[25] And in September 2009, they issued open threats of violence through propaganda posters to the organizers and participants of the Gay Pride Parade in Belgrade.[26]

On 11 July 2009, after the burial of 543 victims in Srebrenica, a group of men and women associated with Obraz "chanted insults directed towards the victims and in support of the Chetnik movement, calling for eradication of Islam".[27]

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On 28 February 2009, the Human and Minority Rights Ministry of Serbia sought to close Obraz and submitted an initiative to look into the legality of its work.[28][29]

In 2011, Obraz was submitted to the constitutional court of Serbia to be forbidden as an extremist organization and to prevent its registration under a different name.[30][31][32] The leader of this organization Mladen Obradović is accused for calls for lynch of the LGBT population in Serbia in 2009 and 2010.[22] He was convicted for 10 months sentence for threatening LGBT people at the pride parade in 2009.[33] He was also convicted for 2 years for the same crimes at the 2010 pride parade.[33][34]

On 12 June 2012, the Constitutional Court of Serbia declared Obraz illegal.[35]

Literature

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  • Byford, J.T. (2002). Christian right-wing organisations and the spreading of anti-Semitic prejudice in post-Miloševic Serbia: The case of the Dignity Patriotic Movement. East European Jewish Affairs, Vol. 32(2), 42–60.

References

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  1. ^ Bakić, Jovo (February 2013). Right-Wing Extremism in Serbia. p. 3.
  2. ^ "Facing Far Right Extremism In Serbia". Eurasia Review. 17 November 2011.
  3. ^ "Serbia's Radical Right and Homophobia". Unique. 11 January 2014.
  4. ^ Serbia and Montenegro: Country Report October 2003. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. October 2003. p. 28.
  5. ^ Ilić, Vladimir (May 2012). Temerin: Sadašnjost ili Budućnost Vojvodine. p. 5.
  6. ^ Serbia Chronicle 2 - Ethnic tensions in Serbia. Belgrade: Citizens Network For Peace, Reconciliation and Human Security. May 2013. p. 2.
  7. ^ Radicalization: A Constant Threat to Democratic Forces. Belgrade: Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia. October 2009. p. 2.
  8. ^ Serbia and Montenegro: Country Report October 2003. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. October 2003. p. 51.
  9. ^ "Serbia Bans Far-Right Organisation Obraz". BIRN. 12 June 2012.
  10. ^ Bakić, Jovo (February 2013). Right-Wing Extremism in Serbia. p. 2.
  11. ^ "Desničarska organizacija Obraz zaobišla ustavnu zabranu". Radio Slobodna Evropa (in Serbo-Croatian).
  12. ^ "I "Obraz" u referendumskoj kampanji - Politika - Dnevni list Danas". Danas (in Serbian). 12 January 2022.
  13. ^ TV, Insajder (6 December 2017). "Zabranjeni Obraz deluje pod drugim imenom, vlast ne reaguje". insajder.net (in Serbian).
  14. ^ "Prvi zvaničan spisak neonacista". B92.net (in Serbian). 10 December 2010.
  15. ^ "I Obraz najavio šetnju 7. oktobra". B92.net (in Serbian). 28 September 2007.
  16. ^ "Zabranite ekstremističke grupe". B92.net (in Serbian). 21 December 2005.
  17. ^ "B92". Archived from the original on 2014-01-06. Retrieved 2014-08-10.
  18. ^ a b Ramet, Sabrina P. (2008). Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia at Peace and at War: Selected Writings, 1983-2007. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 144. ISBN 978-3-03735-912-9.
  19. ^ "Obraz na promociji knjige Peščanika". B92.net. 2 December 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  20. ^ M.Maričić, Slobodan. "ŠTA JE OTAČASTVENI POKRET OBRAZ ?". Akademediasrbija.com. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  21. ^ "Unacceptable ban of Belgrade Pride 2009 - Regionalni centar za manjine". Minoritycentre.org. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  22. ^ a b ""Obraz", pozivi na linč i posledice". B92.net. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  23. ^ Петровић, Александра (14 December 2011). "Образ" пред Уставним судом". Politika Online. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  24. ^ Kosovo: Time For Serbia To Wake Up, Radio Free Europe, 29 February 2008
  25. ^ Photos 2 and 4 of the essay “Belgrade Riots”, TIME Magazine, 21 February 2008
  26. ^ Serbian gay parade is called off, BBC News, 19 September 2009
  27. ^ "Controversial group in Srebrenica incident". B92.net. 13 July 2009. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012.
  28. ^ "Ministry in bid to shut down Obraz". B92.net. 28 February 2009. Archived from the original on 23 March 2013.
  29. ^ "Obraz "ne primećuje" neonacizam". B92.net. 28 February 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  30. ^ "Posle Stroja, slede Obraz i 1389?". B92.net. 6 March 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  31. ^ Zorić, Ognjen (14 December 2011). "Da li će Ustavni sud zabraniti "Obraz"". Radio Slobodna Evropa. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  32. ^ http://www.dnevnik.rs/hronika/treba-li-zabraniti-obraz [dead link]
  33. ^ a b "Vođi "Obraza" 10 meseci zatvora". B92.net. 27 March 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  34. ^ "Minimalne kazne za "obrazovce"". B92.net. 20 April 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  35. ^ "Ustavni sud Srbije zabranio "Obraz"". B92.net. 6 December 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
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