John Creasey

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John Creasey MBE
Born	17 September 1908 Southfields, London Borough of Wandsworth, England
Died	9 June 1973(1973-06-09) (aged 64) Salisbury, Wiltshire, England
Pen name	Gordon Ashe Margaret Cooke (M.E. Cooke) Henry St. John Cooper Credo Norman Deane Elise Fecamps Robert Caine Frazer Patrick Gill Michael Halliday Charles Hogarth Brian Hope Colin Hughes Kyle Hunt Abel Mann Peter Manton J.J. Marric James Marsden Richard Martin Rodney Mattheson Anthony Morton Ken Ranger William K. Reilly Martin Richard Tex Riley Henry St. John Jimmy Wilde Jeremy York
Occupation	Writer
Nationality	English
Genre	Crime fiction, Science fiction, Westerns, Romantic novels
Notable works	The Toff series George Gideon series (as J.J. Marric) Inspector Roger West series The Baron series (as Anthony Morton) Doctor Emmanuel Cellini series Dr. Palfrey series

John Creasey MBE (17 September 1908 – 9 June 1973)^[1] was an English author known mostly for detective and crime novels but who also wrote science fiction, romance and westerns. He wrote more than six hundred novels using twenty-eight different pseudonyms.

He created several ongoing characters, such as The Toff (The Honourable Richard Rollison), Commander George Gideon of Scotland Yard, Inspector Roger West, The Baron (John Mannering), Doctor Emmanuel Cellini and Doctor Stanislaus Alexander Palfrey. Gideon of Scotland Yard was the basis for the television series Gideon's Way and for the John Ford movie Gideon's Day (1958). The Baron character was made into a 1960s TV series starring Steve Forrest as The Baron.^[2]

John Creasey was born in Southfields, London Borough of Wandsworth (formerly part of Surrey), to a working-class family. He was the seventh of nine children of Ruth and Joseph Creasey, a poor coach maker. Creasey was educated at Fulham Elementary School and Sloane School, both in London. From 1923 to 1935 he worked various clerical, factory, and sales jobs while trying to establish himself as a writer. After a number of rejections, Creasey's first book was published in 1930. His first crime novel, Seven Times Seven, was published in January 1932 by Melrose. It was a story about a gang of criminals. In 1935 he became a full-time writer. In 1937 alone, twenty-nine of his books were published. A phenomenally fast writer, he once suggested that he could be shut up in a glass-box and write there a whole book.^[2]

In 1938, he created the character The Toff with the first novel Introducing the Toff. The Toff series would continue for 59 novels from 1938 to 1978. The Toff, The Honourable Richard Rollison, is an aristocrat and an amateur sleuth. ("Toff" is a British slang expression for an aristocrat.)

During World War II, he created the character of Dr. Stanislaus Alexander Palfrey, a British secret service agent, who forms Z5, a secret underground group that owes its allegiance to the Allies. The first novel of the Dr. Palfrey 34-book series was Traitor's Doom, published in 1942 by John Long Ltd., while the last was The Whirlwind in 1979.

Several adaptations were made of Creasey's novels. On film these included: Salute the Toff (1952, also known as Brighthaven Express in the USA), Hammer the Toff (1952), John Ford's Gideon's Day (1958, also known as Gideon of Scotland Yard in the USA), released by Columbia Pictures, and Cat & Mouse (1958, also known as The Desperate Men in the USA), written as Michael Halliday. On television, a series based on the Commander George Gideon character, Gideon's Way, was produced from 1964 to 1965 by ITC Entertainment and starring John Gregson in the title rôle. ITC followed this with a version of Creasey's The Baron character (1965–66), starring Steve Forrest. Between 1967 and 1971 the BBC produced a radio version of Creasey's Roger West stories with actor Patrick Allen in the title role as Scotland Yard Chief Inspector Roger "Handsome" West, with Allen's real-life wife Sarah Lawson playing the role of West's wife Janet.

In 1962, Creasey won an Edgar Award for Best Novel, from the Mystery Writers of America (MWA), for Gideon's Fire, written under the pseudonym J. J. Marric. In 1969 he received the MWA's greatest honour, the Grand Master Award. He served one term as president of the organization in 1966, one of only three non-American writers to be so honoured.

Creasey had as many publishers as he had pseudonyms, but enjoyed enduring relations with John Long and Hodder & Stoughton in the UK. After he finally broke into the American market in the 1950s, many of his books were released by Harper and Scribners; Walker reissued many older titles in the revised editions.

During the 1940s, Creasey was living at "Cattistock", Fernlea Avenue, Ferndown, Wimborne in Dorset.^[3] He died at his home New Hall, which is now New Hall Hospital, Bodenham near Salisbury, Wiltshire in 1973.^[4]

In March 2007, his family sold all of Creasey's copyrights to Fleming Literary Management.^[5][6][7]

John's son Richard Creasey is an author and television producer, having served both in the private sector and at the BBC, and as the British producer of Patrick Watson's worldwide Canadian television documentary series The Struggle for Democracy. He has developed his father's "Doctor Palfrey" series by penning a new series of techno-thrillers around the character of Doctor Thomas Palfrey. ^{[citation needed]}

In 1953, John Creasey founded the Crime Writers' Association (CWA) in the UK. The CWA New Blood Dagger is awarded in his memory, for first books by previously unpublished writers; sponsored by BBC Audiobooks, it includes a prize of £1000. This award was known previously as the John Creasey Memorial Dagger.

His pseudonyms include:

In addition, he wrote Westerns under the names of Ken Ranger, Tex Riley, William K. Reilly, and Jimmy Wilde. He also wrote Romantic novels under the names of Margaret Cooke, M.E. Cooke, and Elise Fecamps.

Creasey was a longtime committed Liberal party member though he later became an independent.^[8] He said that he had been organising Liberal street-corner meetings from the age of 12. At the time of the 1945 general election Creasey was Chairman of the local Liberal Association in Bournemouth where his publicity and writing skills were instrumental in helping the Liberals to an atypical second place. He was adopted as prospective parliamentary candidate for Bournemouth West in 1946 and appeared on the platform at the 1947 Liberal Assembly, which was held in Bournemouth.

He fought Bournemouth West in the 1950 general election, coming third. He became increasingly unhappy with the party through the 1950s though and disagreed so much with the party's policy concerning the Suez Crisis he resigned his membership. However, after the Orpington by-election success of 1962 and impressed with Jo Grimond's leadership of the party he seemed to be reviving his Liberal activity. By January 1966 however, he had founded the All Party Alliance, a pressure group which sought to unite the best people from all parties.

The platform of the All Party Alliance was based on running industry by councils made up of workers, managers, investors and government to avoid industrial action, with a mind to eventually eliminate income tax.^[8]

Creasey fought by-elections as an independent in support of this idea around 1967 at Nuneaton, Brierley Hill and Manchester Gorton. He also fought Oldham West during the by-election of June 1968. He did well for an independent with the first-past-the-post system, having limited resources and often little time to campaign.

In Oldham West he beat his old party's candidate into fourth place. He could not seem to shed his affection for the Liberal party however, congratulating Birmingham Ladywood by-election victor Wallace Lawler in July 1969 and attending the 1969 party assembly albeit to promote All Party Alliance aims.

In 1972 he relaunched the All Party Alliance as Evolution to Democracy (Evo). Evo merged with Colin Campion's "The Organisation", a Yorkshire-based party which advocated coalition governments based on the proportion of votes cast for each party, to form the "Independent Democratic Alliance", which soon faded after Creasey's death, and its poor performance in the February 1974 general election.^[9]

John Creasey features in the Look At Life film I Protest! where he is seen collecting signatures for a petition to lobby the government to take action against the number of deaths due to road accidents.

Creasey was awarded the Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services in the United Kingdom's National Savings Movement during World War II.

The Young Gallery in Salisbury holds a collection of books, personal affects and objects relating to John Creasey as part of its collection. This was previously known as the John Creasey Museum, but now comes under the Young & Creasey Gallery Trust. ^[10]

This literature-related list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (October 2021)

The series was continued after Creasey's death by William Vivian Butler ("as J.J. Marric"):

• Gideon's Force (1978)
• Gideon's Law (1981)
• Gideon's Way (1983)
• Gideon's Raid (1986)
• Gideon's Fear (1990)

Four additional Z5 stories have been written by the author's son Richard; in these, the central figure is Thomas Palfrey, the doctor's grandson: Eternity's Sunrise (2012); Hard Targets (2013, an omnibus of three shorter adventures – "Wings of Fear", "Burning Night" and "Deadly Sleep").

1. Secret Errand (1939)
2. Dangerous Journey (1939)
3. Unknown Mission (1940)
4. The Withered Man (1940)
5. I Am the Withered Man (1941)
6. Where is the Withered Man (1942)

1. Return to Adventure (1943)
2. Gateway to Escape (1944)
3. Come Home to Crime (1945)

1. Mark Kilby Solves a Murder (1959; also known as R.I.S.C. and The Timid Tycoon)
2. Mark Kilby and the Secret Syndicate (1960)
3. Mark Kilby and the Miami Mob (1960)
4. Mark Kilby Stands Alone (1962)
5. Mark Kilby Takes a Risk (1962)
6. The Hollywood Hoax (1964)

In the asterisked titles, Folly was added for the revised editions of novels originally written as standalones.

Written under the pseudonym "Michael Halliday" for UK publication (1951–1955), but published under the pseudonym "Jeremy York" in the US (all in 1972).

Written under the pseudonym "Michael Halliday" for UK publication (1965–1975), but published under the pseudonym "Kyle Hunt" for US.

• Who Was the Jester? (1940)
• The Man Who Stayed Alive (1955)
• No Need to Die (1956)
• You Bet Your Life (1957)

• Danger Woman (1966)

• Biography and bibliography at Creasey copyright holder Owatonna Media (owatonnamedia.co.uk)
• "John Creasey – Ten Authors in One" at The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: Earth Edition (h2g2.com)
• The John Creasey Online Resource Archived 14 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine (johncreasey.co.uk) – fan site
• Works by or about John Creasey at the Internet Archive
• Works by John Creasey at Open Library
• John Creasey at Library of Congress, with 212 library catalogue records of works catalogued under his own name and several pseudonyms, and links to many others

As of October 2018, the Library of Congress assigns LCCN to, or identifies, about 20 pseudonyms, and evidently catalogues some works under about 10 of them.