Punjabi Braille

Punjabi Braille
Gurmukhi Braille
Punjabi Braille; Gurmukhi Braille
Script type	Alphabet
Print basis	Gurmukhi alphabet
Languages	Punjabi language
Related scripts
Parent systems	Braille English Braille Northern Punjabi Braille; ; ;
	Indic

Punjabi Braille is the braille alphabet used in India for Punjabi. It is one of the easiest alphabets, and largely conforms to the letter values of the other Northern alphabets.^[1]

Alphabet

The alphabet is as follows: Vowel letters are used rather than diacritics, and they occur after consonants in their spoken order.^[2] For orthographic conventions, see Bharati Braille.

ISO	a	ā	i	ī	u	ū	ē	e	ō	o
Gurmukhi	ਅ	ਆ	ਇ	ਈ	ਉ	ਊ	ਏ	ਐ	ਓ	ਔ
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠁	⠜	⠊	⠔	⠥	⠳	⠑	⠌	⠕	⠪

ISO	k	kh	g	gh	ṅ
Gurmukhi	ਕ	ਖ	ਗ	ਘ	ਙ
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠅	⠨	⠛	⠣	⠬

ISO	c	ch	j	jh	ñ
Gurmukhi	ਚ	ਛ	ਜ	ਝ	ਞ
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠉	⠡	⠚	⠴	⠒

ISO	ṭ	ṭh	ḍ	ḍh	ṇ
Gurmukhi	ਟ	ਠ	ਡ	ਢ	ਣ
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠾	⠺	⠫	⠿	⠼

ISO	t	th	d	dh	n
Gurmukhi	ਤ	ਥ	ਦ	ਧ	ਨ
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠞	⠹	⠙	⠮	⠝

ISO	p	ph	b	bh	m
Gurmukhi	ਪ	ਫ	ਬ	ਭ	ਮ
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠏	⠖	⠃	⠘	⠍

ISO	y	r	l	v
Gurmukhi	ਯ	ਰ	ਲ	ਵ
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠽	⠗	⠇	⠧

ISO	s	h	ṛ ^[3]
Gurmukhi	ਸ	ਹ	ੜ
Braille (Image)
Braille (inline)	⠎	⠓	⠻

Pointing

The Bharati point, ⠐, is only used to derive one consonant, ਗ਼ ġa /ɣə/, from the base consonant letter ਗ ga /ɡə/. This system also operates in Hindi Braille and Indian Urdu Braille, but the Punjabi Braille alphabet is closer to Indian Urdu, as all other consonants that are pointed in print, such as ਖ਼ xa, are rendered with dedicated letters in braille based on international values. The six pointed letters in the Gurmukhi script have the following equivalents in braille:

ISO	x	ġ	z	f	ḷ	ś
Gurmukhi	ਖ਼	ਗ਼	ਜ਼	ਫ਼	ਲ਼	ਸ਼
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠭	⠐⠛	⠵	⠋	⠸	⠩

Codas

Points are used for syllable codas.

Diacritics	Halant	Anusvara	Visarga	Candrabindu
Gurmukhi	ਕ੍	ਕਂ	ਕਃ	ਕਁ
Braille (Image)
Braille (Inline)	⠈	⠰	⠠	⠄

Punctuation

See Bharati Braille#Punctuation.

References

^ World Braille Usage, UNESCO, −2013
^ UNESCO (2013) World Braille Usage, 3rd edition.
^ Unesco (2013) also has ⠐⠻ for ੜ੍ਹ ṛh, but this is an apparent copy error: ੜ੍ਹ is a sequence ṛ-h, not the equivalent of the single letter ṛh in other Indic scripts.

[unesco3-1] World Braille Usage, UNESCO, −2013

[Unesco-2] UNESCO (2013) World Braille Usage, 3rd edition.

[3] Unesco (2013) also has ⠐⠻ for ੜ੍ਹ ṛh, but this is an apparent copy error: ੜ੍ਹ is a sequence ṛ-h, not the equivalent of the single letter ṛh in other Indic scripts.

[1]

[2]