List of rivers of Europe

Main European drainage divides (red lines) separating catchments (green regions)

This article lists the principal rivers of Europe with their main tributaries.

Scope

[edit]

The border of Europe and Asia is here defined as from the Kara Sea, along the Ural Mountains and Ural River to the Caspian Sea. While the crest of the Caucasus Mountains is the geographical border with Asia in the south, Georgia, and to a lesser extent Armenia and Azerbaijan, are politically and culturally often associated with Europe; rivers in these countries are therefore included.

The list is at the outset limited to those rivers that are at least 250 km long from the most distant source, have a drainage basin (catchment area, watershed) of at least 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi), or have a mean discharge (volume, flow) of at least 150 m3/s (5,300 cu ft/s). Also included are a number of rivers (currently 47) that do not meet these criteria, but are very well known and/or nearly make the mark. Examples of these are the Arno, Ruhr, Saar, and Clyde. See the lists of rivers for individual countries linked to at the bottom of the page for smaller rivers.

The rivers are ordered from those flowing to the extreme northeast into the Arctic Ocean, following the coastline anticlockwise all the way to the southeastern coast of the Black Sea. Iceland and the British Islands are included via virtual connections with northern Norway and across the Strait of Dover and the North Channel, respectively. Finally, rivers draining into the Caspian Sea are listed from Azerbaijan to the Ural River.

The table can be sorted by each column. The first three columns give a ranking for (maximum) length, area and volume of those rivers flowing into the sea or an endorheic lake down to the cut-off values. No ranking of tributaries is attempted, as the concept is too contentious; for example, hydrologically the middle and upper Volga could be considered a tributary of the Kama, in which case it would be the fifth or sixth longest river in Europe. Instead it does not appear in the table at all.

The commercial and geopolitical importance of rivers is not ranked here. As a transportation artery, a river may unite a region commercially and economically, but major rivers, as barriers to travel, may also form political boundaries between states. The Danube, the second longest river in Europe, is notable for flowing through or past ten countries; the Rhine through or past six. The Volga, the longest river in Europe, unites a huge region of European Russia; eleven of the twenty largest cities in Russia lie on its banks. The Loire and the Po unite important regions within France and Italy respectively. The most important rivers in Europe include Rhone, Elbe, Oder, Tagus, Thames, Don and Dnieper, among others.[further explanation needed]

Caveats

[edit]

The measurements shown are drawn from sources deemed most reliable, but still are often uncertain, especially when other sources disagree wildly. For example, the Siret in Romania and Ukraine is 726 km long with a basin of 44,000 km2 according to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 647 km (44,811 km2) according to a Romanian management plan for the Siret basin [1] and 559 km (47,610 km2) according to the extensive transboundary rivers study by the Economic Commission for Europe.[2]

Length estimates for rivers depend on a number of variables:

  • River Source - The choice of the source obviously has an impact. Here we attempt to list the most distant source. When that involves a tributary nearer the mouth of the river, the length of the nominal river is listed as well, if it meets the above criteria.
  • River End - Rivers flowing into estuaries have an arbitrary lower end. The channel of such a river through an estuary is usually included in the length when it is exposed at low tide.
  • Path Granularity - The estimate will be larger when the curves of the river are traced at a smaller scale.
  • Intermediate Bodies of Water - The length of a watercourse through a reservoir or lake is open to interpretation. For this table, when a source for the total length of a river system involving lakes is lacking, the shortest possible course through the lakes is used
  • Path Changes - Over time, a river's length can change through canalization, the creation of reservoirs, and natural changes in the water course.

The catchment areas are more consistent between sources. However, in low relief the watershed is less obvious, while underground connections (especially in karst systems) further complicate area measurements. Unless excellent sources are available, the areas below 70°N latitude are taken from the HydroBASINS project.[3] The River Networks and Ramsar Sites Information Service websites provide convenient interfaces to assess the accuracy of many of the basins. Areas for rivers above 70°N are warned[clarification needed] and found to be less reliable.

The listed multiyear mean discharges are even less reliable than the lengths. Underestimates are most common, as the gauging stations are often far above the mouth, so that only a fraction of the drainage basin is represented. On the other hand, the highest volume of a river may not be at the mouth due to water loss by human usage, diversion (e.g. through distributaries), evaporation, or underground drainage.

Rivers of Europe

[edit]
Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean North Sea White Sea Baltic Sea Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Caspian Sea
Europe's largest rivers ( over 100 km long, > 10,000 km2 watershed, or > 150 m3/s mean discharge)
º
Rank (of fleuves) River or river system Length
(km) 		Basin
(km2) 		Flow
(m³/s) 		Mouth
 Countries
[note 1] 		Notes Refs
Length Area Flow
94 82 - Kara ← Bolshoy Kara 289 13400 ? Kara Sea near Ust-Kara  RUS [note 2] [4]
86 86 - Korotaikha [de; it; ru] ← Syadej-Yu 310 12700 ? Pechora Sea  RUS [note 3] [5]
6 6 3 Pechora 1809 322000 4380 Pechora Sea near Naryan-Mar  RUS [6][7]
- - - Sula 353 10400 92 Pechora  RUS [8]
- - - Shapkina [de; ru] ← Lekeyyu [ru] 506 6570 582 Pechora  RUS [9]
- - - Tsilma 374 21500 228 Pechora  RUS [10]
- - - Pizhma 389 5470 55 Pechora  RUS [11]
- - - Izhma 531 31000 317 Pechora near Ust-Izhma  RUS [12][13]
- - - Laya [de; no; ru] 332 9530 50 Pechora  RUS [14]
- - - Usa 565 93600 1310 Pechora near Usinsk  RUS [15]
- - - Kolva 546 18100 165 Usa near Usinsk  RUS [16]
- - - Adzva 334 10600 110 Usa  RUS [17]
- - - Kosyu [de; nl; ru] 259 14800 122 Usa  RUS [18]
- - - Bolshaya Rogovaya [de; no; ru] 311 7290 ? Usa  RUS [19]
- - - Shchugor 300 9660 252 Pechora  RUS [20]
- - - Ilych 411 16000 177 Pechora  RUS [21]
105 98 - Voronya ← Lake Lovozero ← Kurga [ru] 251 9940 114 Barents Sea  RUS [note 4] [22]
84 58 61 Tuloma ← Lake Notozero ← Lutto 320 21140 241 Barents Sea near Murmansk  RUS  FIN [note 5] [23][2]
73 62 86 Paatsjoki ← Lake Inari ← Ivalo 360 18403 157 Barents Sea near Kirkenes  NOR  RUS  FIN [24][25]
70 72 73 Tana/Deatnu ← Karasjohka 366 16386 197 Barents Sea near Tana Bru  NOR  FIN [note 6] [2]
- - 74 Jökulsá á Fjöllum 206 7750 183 Arctic Ocean  ISL [26]
- - 32 Ölfusá ← Hvítá 185 6100 423 Atlantic Ocean near Selfoss  ISL [26][25]
- - 39 Þjórsá 230 7530 370 Atlantic Ocean  ISL [26][25]
- - 65 Kúðafljót 115 2400 250 Atlantic Ocean  ISL [26]
- - 71 Jökulsá á Dal 150 3700 205 Atlantic Ocean  ISL [note 7] [26]
- - - Altaelva 240 8693 101 Norwegian Sea in Alta Municipality  NOR
- - 78 Målselva ← Rostaelva 145 6144 171 Norwegian Sea in Målselv Municipality  NOR
- - 70 Vefsna 161 4122 207 Norwegian Sea in Vefsn Municipality  NOR
- - 53 Namsen 229 6298 285 Norwegian Sea in Namsos Municipality  NOR
- - 90 Otra 245 3740 150 North Sea in Kristiansand Municipality  NOR
99 93 59 Skien ← Norsjø ← Saua ← Heddalsvatnet ← Tinne - etc. system 273 10815 263 Skagerrak in Porsgrunn Municipality  NOR
76 - - Numedalslågen 356 5554 111 Skagerrak in Larvik Municipality  NOR
89 66 49 Drammenselva ← Tyrifjorden ← Storelva-Ådalselva-Sperillen ← Begna ← Otrøelva 310 17113 314 Skagerrak in Drammen Municipality  NOR
38 37 15 Glomma/Glåma 619 42441 709 Skagerrak in Fredrikstad Municipality  NOR [2][25]
- - - Vorma ← Mjøsa ← Gudbrandsdalslågen 358 17412 330 Glomma at Årnes in Nes Municipality  NOR
29 34 24 Göta älv ← Vänern ← Klarälven system 756 50229 554 Kattegat in Gothenburg  SWE  NOR [27][25]
- - - Klarälven ← Trysilelva ← Femundelva ← Rogen 460 11820 165 Vänern near Karlstad  SWE  NOR [note 8]
- - - Ätran 243 3342 53 Kattegat in Falkenberg  SWE
- - - Lagan 232 6452 82 Kattegat near Laholm  SWE
10 12 14 Elbe ← Vltava ← Teplá Vltava 1329 148268 860 Wadden Sea near Cuxhaven  GER  CZE [note 9] [28][2]
- - - Elbe 1094 148268 860 Wadden Sea near Cuxhaven  GER  CZE [note 10] [29][2]
- - - Havel ← Spree 560 24096 103 Elbe near Havelberg  GER [note 11] [29]
- - - Havel 334 24096 103 Elbe near Havelberg  GER [29]
- - - Spree 382 10110 35 Havel in Berlin-Spandau  GER [29]
- - - Saale 413 24167 117 Elbe in Barby  GER [29]
- - - White Elster 257 5154 26 Saale near Halle (Saale)  GER  CZE [29]
- - - Mulde ← Zwickauer Mulde 290 7400 75 Elbe in Dessau  GER [note 12] [29]
- - - Ohře / Eger 316 5588 38 Elbe in Litoměřice  CZE  GER [29]
- - - Vltava - Teplá Vltava 431 28101 154 Elbe in Mělník  CZE [note 13] [29]
30 35 44 Weser ← Werra 751 46259 365 Wadden Sea near Bremerhaven  GER [note 14] [30][31]
- - - Aller ← Leine 346 15721 120 Weser near Verden  GER [note 15] [30]
- - - Aller 260 15721 120 Weser near Verden  GER 211? [30]
- - - Leine 278 6517 62 Aller near Schwarmstedt  GER [30]
- - - Fulda 220 6947 67 Weser in Hannoversch Münden  GER [30]
- - - Werra 300 5497 50 Weser in Hannoversch Münden  GER [30]
69 64 - Ems 371 17802 89 Wadden Sea near Delfzijl  GER  NED [note 16] [31][2]
- - - Zwarte Water ← Vecht/Vechte 201 5741 50 IJsselmeer near Genemuiden  NED  GER [note 17] [32]
- - 41 IJssel ← Oude IJssel 188 4533 380 IJsselmeer near Kampen  NED  GER [note 18] [33][34]
11 11 6 Rhine 1233 185263 2315 North Sea at Hook of Holland  NED  GER  FRA
 AUT  LIE   SWI		 [note 19]
- - - Waal 82 ? 1500 Rhine delta in Gorinchem  NED [note 20]
- - - Lek 62 ? 429 Rhine delta at Kinderdijk  NED [note 20]
- - - Lippe ← Alme 268 4882 46 Rhine in Wesel  GER [note 21] [32]
- - - Ruhr ← Neger ← Renau 227 4485 82 Rhine in Duisburg  GER [note 22] [32]
- - - Moselle ← Moselotte 549 28153 320 Rhine in Koblenz  GER  LUX  FRA [note 23] [35][2]
- - - Saar 235 7431 78 Moselle near Konz  GER  FRA [35]
- - - Sauer 173 4259 41 Moselle in Wasserbillig  LUX  GER  BEL [35]
- - - Lahn ← Ohm ← Felda 251 5925 51 Rhine in Lahnstein  GER [note 24] [32]
- - - Main ← Regnitz system 583 27208 211 Rhine in Mainz  GER [note 25] [36]
- - - Main 525 27208 211 Rhine in Mainz  GER [note 26] [36]
- - - Regnitz ← Pegnitz ← Fichtenohe 191 7521 57 Main in Bamberg  GER [note 27] [36]
- - - Neckar ← Eschach 380 13934 136 Rhine in Mannheim  GER [37]
- - - Ill 217 4760 54 Rhine near Strasbourg  FRA [38]
- - - Aare 288 17684 559 Rhine in Koblenz   SWI [39]
- - - Limmat ← Lake Zürich ← Linth 140 2417 101 Aare in Brugg   SWI [39]
- - - Reuss 164 3443 140 Aare in Brugg   SWI [39]
20 40 46 Meuse/Maas 950 34364 357 North Sea near Hellevoetsluis  NED  BEL  FRA [note 28] [40][2]
- - - Ourthe 181 3624 55 Meuse in Liège  BEL
- - - Sambre 193 2856 29 Meuse in Namur  BEL  FRA
73 56 - Scheldt 360 21683 129 North Sea near Flushing  NED  BEL  FRA [note 29] [41][42][31]
- - - Leie/Lys 202 4305 28 Scheldt in Ghent  BEL  FRA [41]
73 77 - Thames ← Churn 360 14292 66 North Sea near Southend-on-Sea  UK [note 30] [43]
- - - Great Ouse 230 8172 39 North Sea in King's Lynn  UK [44]
92 96 - Trent 298 10435 100 Humber Estuary near Scunthorpe  UK [note 31] [45]
- 94 - Ouse ← Ure 208 10704 145 Humber Estuary near Scunthorpe  UK [note 32] [46]
- - - Tyne ← North Tyne 118 2936 45 North Sea at South Shields  UK
- - - Tweed 156 4988 90 North Sea in Berwick-upon-Tweed  UK [47][48]
- - 67 Tay 193 6019 220 North Sea near Dundee  UK [note 33] [49]
- - - Spey 173 2944 66 North Sea near Elgin  UK [50]
18 20 12 Mezen 966 78000 890 White Sea (Mezen Bay) near Mezen  RUS [51][25]
- - - Pyoza 363 15100 123 Mezen  RUS [52][53]
- - - Vashka 605 20500 184 Mezen  RUS [54]
78 60 - Kuloy ← Sotka 350 19000 17 White Sea near Dolgoshchelye  RUS [note 8] [55]
7 5 4 Northern Dvina ← Vychegda 1803 357052 3330 Dvina Bay in Severodvinsk  RUS [note 34] [56][25]
- - - Northern Dvina ← Sukhona ← Lake Kubenskoye ← Kubena 1685 357052 3330 Dvina Bay in Severodvinsk  RUS [note 35] [56][25]
- - - Pinega 779 42600 430 Northern Dvina in Ust-Pinega  RUS [57]
- - - - Yula 250 5290 49 Pinega  RUS [58]
- - - Yemtsa ← Mekhrenga 299 14100 70 Northern Dvina near Bolshaya Gora  RUS [note 36] [59]
- - - Vaga ← Ustya 736 44800 384 Northern Dvina near Bereznik  RUS [note 37] [60]
- - - Vaga 575 44800 384 Northern Dvina near Bereznik  RUS [61]
- - - Ustya 477 17500 92 Vaga  RUS [62]
- - - Kokshenga 251 5670 36 Ustya  RUS [63]
- - - Vychegda 1130 121000 1160 Northern Dvina in Kotlas  RUS [64]
- - - Viled 321 5610 43 Vychegda near Koryazhma  RUS [65]
- - - Yarenga 281 5140 49 Vychegda  RUS [66]
- - - Vym 499 25600 260 Vychegda near Ust-Vym  RUS [67]
- - - Yolva [de] 255 3440 31 Vym  RUS [68][69]
- - - Sysola 487 17200 105 Vychegda in Syktyvkar  RUS [70][71]
- - - Lokchim [de; ru] 272 6600 52 Vychegda  RUS [72]
- - - Vishera 247 8780 79 Vychegda  RUS [73]
- - - Nem [de; ru] 260 4230 37 Vychegda  RUS [74]
- - - Lower Yug ← Luza 609 35600 290 Northern Dvina in Veliky Ustyug  RUS [note 38] [75]
- - - Yug 574 35600 290 Northern Dvina in Veliky Ustyug  RUS [76][77]
- - - Luza 574 18300 132 Yug  RUS [78]
- - - Sukhona ← Lake Kubenskoye ← Kubena 941 50300 438 Northern Dvina in Veliki Ustyug  RUS [note 39] [79]
33 28 28 Onega ← Lake Lacha ← Svid ← Lake Vozhe ← Vozhega 680 56900 492 Onega Bay at Onega town  RUS [note 40] [80][81]
- - - Onega 416 56900 492 Onega Bay at Onega town  RUS [82]
- - - Voloshka 260 7100 72 Onega  RUS [83]
55 45 58 Lower Vyg ← Lake Vygozero ← Segezha [de; ru]-system 436 27100 267 White Sea near Belomorsk  RUS [note 41] [84][85]
- - - Vyg ← Umba [ru] 315 27100 267 White Sea near Belomorsk  RUS [note 42] [86]
- - - Segezha [de; ru] ← Lake Segozero ← Vuoloma [de; ru] ← Talviesdegi [ru] 329 9140 74 Lake Vygozero near Segezha  RUS [note 43] [87]
59 44 55 Kem ← Čirka-Kem [de; ru] 422 27700 279 White Sea near Kem  RUS [note 44] [88]
- - - Kem ← Kuyto Lakes ← Pista/Pistojoki [de; fi; ru] 399 27700 279 White Sea near Kem  RUS  FIN [note 45] [89]
82 49 56 Kovda ← Lake Topozero ← Karango [ru] 325 26100 276 Kandalaksha Gulf  RUS  FIN [note 46] [90][91]
- 85 83 Niva 36 12830 164 Kandalaksha Gulf near Kandalaksha  RUS [note 47] [92]
104 - - Varzuga 254 9840 79 White Sea  RUS [93]
58 74 81 Ponoy 426 15500 167 White Sea  RUS [94][95]
96 75 - Motala ström ← Vättern ← Huskvarnaån system 285 15481 100 Baltic Sea in Norrköping  SWE [27]
91 54 82 Norrström ← Mälaren ← Kolbäcksån system 307 22650 166 Baltic Sea in Stockholm  SWE [27]
43 43 47 Dalälven ← Österdalälven 542 28954 353 Bothnian Sea near Gävle  SWE  NOR [96][25]
- - - Västerdalälven ← Fulan 315 8642 124 Dalälven in Djurås  SWE [96]
52 59 66 Ljusnan 443 19828 226 Bothnian Sea in Söderhamn  SWE [96]
64 84 - Ljungan 399 12851 135 Bothnian Sea near Sundsvall  SWE [96]
57 48 30 Indalsälven 430 26726 448 Bothnian Sea near Sundsvall  SWE [96][25]
48 42 29 Ångerman 463 31864 481 Bothnian Sea near Kramfors  SWE [96][25]
- - - Faxälven 399 9037 152 Ångerman near Sollefteå  SWE [96]
- - - Fjällsjöälven 263 8432 139 Ångerman near Näsåker  SWE [96]
47 47 33 Umeälven 467 26815 435 Bothnian Sea in Umeå  SWE [96][25]
- - - Vindelälven 453 12654 188 Umeälven near Umeå  SWE [96]
53 89 86 Skellefteälven 440 11731 157 Bothnian Bay in Skellefteå  SWE [96]
63 92 89 Piteälven 402 11285 156 Bothnian Bay in Piteå  SWE [96]
49 50 26 Luleälven 461 25240 500 Bothnian Bay in Luleå  SWE [96][25]
- - - Lesser Lule 238 9678 180 Luleälven near Vuollerim  SWE [96]
49 63 52 Kalixälven 461 18130 289 Bothnian Bay in Kalix  SWE [96]
40 38 34 Torne ← Torneträsk ← Abiskojokk ← Válfojohka 565 40157 430 Bothnian Bay in Tornio  SWE  FIN  NOR [note 48] [96][2]
- - - Muonio ← Könkämäeno ← Kilpisjärvi 350 14430 162 Torne near Pajala  SWE  FIN  NOR [note 49] [96]
- - - Lainioälven ← Rostoeatnu ← Rostojávri ← Ohmátjohka 290 6002 70 Torne near Junosuando  SWE  NOR [note 50] [96]
42 33 25 Kemijoki 552 51127 553 Bothnian Bay in Kemi  FIN [2][25]
- - - Ounasjoki 300 13968 140 Kemijoki in Rovaniemi  FIN [97]
- - - Kitinen 278 11214 ? Kemijoki near Pelkosenniemi  FIN
86 78 76 Iijoki 310 14191 174 Bothnian Bay in Ii  FIN [note 51]
60 53 60 Oulujoki ← Oulujärvi ← Hyrynsalmi system 420 22841 262 Bothnian Bay in Oulu  FIN [note 52] [2]
- 46 63 Kokemäenjoki 150 27046 238 Bothnian Sea in Pori  FIN [note 53]
41 39 54 Kymi ← Lake Päijänne ←←← Koivujärvi sources 554 37159 282 Gulf of Finland in Kotka  FIN [note 54]
15 7 5 Neva ← Lake Ladoga ← Volkhov-system 1010 281000 2490 Gulf of Finland in Saint Petersburg  RUS [note 55] [98][25]
- - - Neva 74 281000 2490 Gulf of Finland in Saint Petersburg  RUS [98][25]
- - - Vuoksi ← Saimaa ← Pielisjoki-system 806 68501 584 Lake Ladoga at Solovyovo and at Priozersk  RUS  FIN [note 56] [99][2]
- - - Pielisjoki ← Pielinen ← Lieksanjoki ←← Murdoyoki [ru] 390 20000 240 Lake Saimaa in Joensuu  FIN  RUS [note 57]
- - - Svir ← Lake Onega ← Vodla-system 678 88200 790 Lake Ladoga near Lodeynoye Pole  RUS [note 58] [100]
- - - Oyat 266 5220 52 Svir near Lodeynoye Pole  RUS [101]
- - - Shuya 194 10100 130 Lake Onega near Petrozavodsk  RUS [102]
- - - Suna 280 7670 66 Lake Onega near Kondopoga  RUS [103]
- - - Vodla ← Lake Vodlozero ← Ileksa ← Olova [ru] 358 13700 130 Lake Onega near Pudozh  RUS [note 59] [104]
- - - Syas 260 7330 53 Lake Ladoga in Syasstroy  RUS [105]
- - - Volkhov ← Lake Ilmen ← Msta-system 844 80200 580 Lake Ladoga near Volkhov  RUS [note 60] [106]
- - - Msta ← Lake Mstino ← Tsna 620 23300 202 Lake Ilmen near Velikiy Novgorod  RUS [note 61] [107]
- - - Pola 267 7420 63 Lake Ilmen near Staraya Russa  RUS [108]
- - - Lovat 530 21900 105 Lake Ilmen near Staraya Russa  RUS  BLR [109]
- - - Shelon 248 9710 44 Lake Ilmen near Shimsk  RUS [110]
67 83 - Luga ← Oredezh 383 13364 93 Gulf of Finland in Ust-Luga  RUS [note 62] [111]
- - - Luga 353 13364 93 Gulf of Finland in Ust-Luga  RUS [112]
35 29 37 Narva ← Lake Peipus ← Velikaya 647 56229 400 Gulf of Finland near Narva  EST  RUS [2]
- - - Narva 77 56229 400 Gulf of Finland near Narva  EST  RUS [2]
- - - Plyussa 281 6963 50 Narva near Narva  RUS [113]
- - - Velikaya 430 25153 134 Lake Peipus near Pskov  RUS [114]
- - - Emajõgi ← Võrtsjärv ← Väike Emajõgi 218 10039 70 Lake Peipus  EST [note 63] [115]
- - - Pärnu 144 6887 64 Gulf of Riga in Pärnu  EST [116]
51 - - Gauja 452 9161 71 Gulf of Riga near Riga  LAT  EST [2]
14 18 19 Daugava/Western Dvina 1020 85613 640 Gulf of Riga near Riga  LAT  BLR  RUS [25]
- - - Aiviekste ← Pededze 254 9135 57 Daugava near Pļaviņas  LAT  EST [note 64] [117]
- - - Mezha 259 9525 61 Daugava near Doroshkino  RUS
86 65 - Lielupe ← Mēmele/Nemunėlis 310 17504 106 Gulf of Riga near Jūrmala  LAT  LIT [2]
79 87 - Venta 346 11843 98 Baltic Sea in Ventspils  LAT  LIT [2]
22 17 20 Neman 914 92523 634 Baltic Sea near Šilutė  LIT  RUS  BLR [2]
- - - Šešupė 298 6194 34 Neman near Neman  LIT  RUS  POL
- - - Nevėžis 209 5947 33 Neman near Raudondvaris  LIT
- - - Neris/Viliya 510 25254 182 Neman in Kaunas  LIT  BLR
- - - Šventoji 246 6804 56 Neris in Jonava  LIT
- - - Shchara 325 6724 31 Neman  BLR
80 79 - Pregolya ← Lava/Łyna 336 14117 90 Baltic Sea near Kaliningrad  RUS  POL [note 65] [118]
- - - Pregolya ← Angrapa ← Gołdapa 310 14117 90 Baltic Sea near Kaliningrad  RUS  POL [note 66] [119]
- - - Łyna/Alna/Lava 264 7020 40 Pregolya in Znamensk  RUS  POL [note 67] [120][121]
12 9 10 Vistula ← Bugonarew ← Western Bug 1211 192632 1080 Baltic Sea near Gdańsk  POL  BLR  UKR [note 68] [122][2][25]
- - - Vistula 1047 192632 1080 Baltic Sea near Gdańsk  POL [note 69] [122][2][25]
- - - Bugonarew ← Western Bug 810 74714 328 Vistula in Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki  POL  BLR  UKR [note 70]
- - - Wkra 249 5322 20 Bugonarew near Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki  POL [123]
- - - Narew 446 28645 146 Bugonarew near Serock  POL [note 71] [124]
- - - Western Bug 772 38676 158 Bugonarew near Serock  POL  BLR  UKR [125]
- - - Pilica 319 9138 46 Vistula near Warka  POL [126]
- - - Wieprz 303 10256 43 Vistula in Dęblin  POL [127]
- - - San 443 16769 126 Vistula near Sandomierz  POL  UKR [128]
- - - Dunajec 247 6802 85 Vistula in Opatowiec  POL  SVK [129][2]
13 13 22 Oder ← Warta 1045 118791 574 Baltic Sea in Świnoujście  GER  POL [note 72] [130][2]
- - - Oder 854 118791 574 Baltic Sea in Świnoujście  GER  POL  CZE [note 73] [2][25]
- - - Warta 808 55538 195 Oder in Kostrzyn nad Odrą  POL [130]
- - - Noteć 388 17159 76 Warta in Santok  POL [131]
- - - Lusatian Neisse 255 4403 31 Oder in Neißemünde  GER  POL  CZE [132]
- - - Bóbr 272 5943 39 Oder in Krosno Odrzańskie  POL  CZE [133]
- - - Clyde 176 3045 83 North Channel near Glasgow  UK [134]
- - - Lower Bann ← Lough Neagh ← Ulster Blackwater 186 5775 92 North Channel in Coleraine  UK  IRL [31]
101 88 69 Shannon 258 11773 208 Shannon Estuary near Limerick  IRL [note 74] [31]
- - 86 The Three Sisters 192 9207 157 Celtic Sea near Waterford  IRL [note 75] [135][31]
- - - Mersey ← Tame 160 4312 66 Irish Sea near Liverpool  UK [note 76] [136]
- - - Wye 215 4136 80 Severn Estuary near Chepstow  UK [137]
77 91 - Severn 354 11420 120 Bristol Channel near Weston-super-Mare  UK [138]
- - - Somme 245 6548 37 English Channel near Abbeville  FRA [31][41]
26 21 23 Seine ← Marne 875 75374 560 English Channel in Le Havre  FRA [note 77] [139]
- - - Seine 777 75374 560 English Channel in Le Havre  FRA [note 78]} [139]
- - - Eure 229 6017 26 Seine in Pont-de-l'Arche  FRA [140]
- - - Oise ← Aisne ← Aire 454 16783 110 Seine in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine  FRA [note 79]
- - - Oise 341 16783 110 Seine in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine  FRA  BEL [141]
- - - Aisne 356 7939 65 Oise in Compiègne  FRA [142]
- - - Marne 514 12783 110 Seine in Ivry-sur-Seine  FRA [143]
- - - Yonne 292 10836 93 Seine in Montereau-Fault-Yonne  FRA [144]
- - - Aube 249 4595 41 Seine near Romilly-sur-Seine  FRA [145]
- 95 - Vilaine 218 10459 72 Bay of Biscay in Pénestin  FRA [146]
17 14 13 Loire 1006 117356 889 Bay of Biscay in Saint-Nazaire  FRA [147][148]
- - - Maine ← Sarthe ← Loir 338 22240 127 Loire near Angers  FRA [note 80] [149]
- - - Mayenne 202 5844 50 Maine near Angers  FRA [150]
- - - Sarthe 314 16250 82 Maine near Angers  FRA [151]
- - - Loir 317 8294 32 Sarthe near Angers  FRA [152]
- - - Vienne 363 21161 210 Loire in Candes-Saint-Martin  FRA [153]
- - - Creuse 264 10279 85 Vienne near Châtellerault  FRA [154]
- - - Indre 279 3428 19 Loire near Candes-Saint-Martin  FRA [155]
- - - Cher 368 13718 96 Loire in Villandry  FRA [156]
- - - Allier 421 14350 144 Loire near Nevers  FRA [157]
68 99 - Charente 381 9855 49 Bay of Biscay near Rochefort  FRA [158]
46 52 41 Dordogne 483 23957 380 Gironde estuary near Bordeaux  FRA [159]
- - - Isle 255 7558 63 Dordogne in Libourne  FRA [160]
- - - Vézère 211 3715 58 Dordogne near Le Bugue  FRA [161]
39 30 17 Garonne ← Tarn 610 55846 650 Gironde estuary near Bordeaux  FRA [note 81] [162]
- - - Garonne 575 55846 650 Gironde estuary near Bordeaux  FRA  ESP [note 82] [162]
- - - Lot 485 11538 155 Garonne near Aiguillon  FRA [163]
- - - Tarn 380 15586 233 Garonne near Castelsarrasin  FRA [164]
- - - Aveyron 291 5176 57 Tarn near Montauban  FRA [165]
- - - Ariège 163 4135 76 Garonne in Toulouse  FRA [166]
89 67 45 Adour 308 16912 360 Bay of Biscay in Bayonne  FRA [167][25]
- - - Gaves réunis ← Gave de Pau 193 5464 82 Adour near Peyrehorade  FRA [168]
71 70 48 Minho ← Sil 361 16651 340 Atlantic Ocean near Caminha  POR  ESP [note 83] [2]
- - - Minho 309 16651 340 Atlantic Ocean near Caminha  POR  ESP [2]
- - - Sil 226 7969 100 Minho near Ourense  ESP
25 16 17 Douro 897 97290 650 Atlantic Ocean in Porto  POR  ESP [2][25]
- - - Tormes 247 7054 42 Douro near Bemposta [de; pt] / Villarino  ESP
- - - Esla 275 16018 182 Douro near Muelas del Pan  ESP
- - - Pisuerga 276 15665 82 Douro near Valladolid  ESP
- - - Mondego 234 6656 108 Atlantic Ocean in Figueira da Foz  POR
16 24 26 Tagus 1007 70756 500 Atlantic Ocean near Lisbon  POR  ESP [note 84] [169][2][25]
- - - Jarama 194 11532 32 Tagus in Aranjuez  ESP
- - - Sado 180 6186 40 Atlantic Ocean in Setúbal  POR
21 25 - Guadiana (← Cigüela) ← Záncara 922 67027 79 Gulf of Cadiz near Ayamonte  POR  ESP [note 85] [170][2]
- - - Guadiana ← Guadiana Alto [es]. 852 67027 79 Gulf of Cadiz near Ayamonte  POR  ESP [note 86] [170][2]
31 27 83 Guadalquivir ← Guadiana Menor [es; fr] ← Guardal [es; fr] 722 57053 164 Gulf of Cadiz in Sanlúcar de Barrameda  ESP [note 87] [171]
- - - Genil 358 8257 9.3 Guadalquivir in Palma del Río  ESP
82 71 - Segura 325 16599 26 Mediterranean Sea in Guardamar del Segura  ESP
45 57 - Júcar 498 21430 49 Balearic Sea in Cullera  ESP
98 - - Turia 280 6674 14 Balearic Sea in Valencia  ESP
23 19 21 Ebro 910 84763 577 Balearic Sea near Tortosa  ESP [25]
- - - Segre 265 22719 100 Ebro in Mequinenza  ESP
- - - Cinca 170 9720 82 Segre near Mequinenza  ESP
- - - Jalón ← Jiloca 224 9658 21 Ebro near Torres de Berrellén  ESP
- - - Aragón 195 8529 41 Ebro near Tudela  ESP
- - - Llobregat 170 4948 21 Balearic Sea near Barcelona  ESP
- - - Aude 224 5327 44 Gulf of Lion near Narbonne  FRA [172]
19 15 7 Rhône ← Saône ← Doubs 957 98131 1900 Gulf of Lion in Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône  FRA   SWI [note 88] [173][25]
- - - Rhône 812 98131 1900 Gulf of Lion in Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône  FRA   SWI [174][25]
- - - Durance 323 14342 180 Rhône in Avignon  FRA [175]
- - - Isère 286 11890 333 Rhône near Valence  FRA [176]
- - - Saône 480 29321 473 Rhône in Lyon  FRA [177]
- - - Doubs 453 7874 176 Saône in Verdun-sur-le-Doubs  FRA   SWI [178]
- - - Ain 190 3765 123 Rhône near Pont-de-Chéruy  FRA [179]
- - - Arno 241 8852 110 Ligurian Sea near Pisa  ITA [note 89]
62 69 62 Tiber 405 16668 239 Tyrrhenian Sea in Ostia  ITA
- - - Nera 116 4163 168 Tiber near Orte  ITA
- - - Garigliano ← Liri 158 4059 120 Tyrrhenian Sea near Minturno  ITA
- - - Volturno 175 5784 82 Tyrrhenian Sea in Castel Volturno  ITA
- - - Reno 212 5615 95 Adriatic Sea near Comacchio  ITA
32 22 9 Po ← Tanaro 702 73746 1460 Adriatic Sea near Porto Tolle  ITA [note 90] [25]
- - - Po 652 73746 1460 Adriatic Sea near Porto Tolle  ITA [180][25]
- - - Mincio ← Lake Garda ← Sarca 203 2977 60 Po near Mantua  ITA
- - - Oglio ← Lake Iseo ← Oglio 280 6598 130 Po near Mantua  ITA
- - - Adda ← Lake Como ← Adda 313 7842 187 Po in Cremona  ITA
- - - Ticino ← Lake Maggiore ← Ticino 248 8061 348 Po in Pavia  ITA   SWI
- - - Tanaro ← Negrone 285 8182 116 Po near Alessandria  ITA [note 91]
- - - Dora Baltea 168 3921 96 Po in Crescentino  ITA
- - 68 Tartaro-Canalbianco-Po di Levante 147 2885 218 Adriatic Sea near Porto Viro  ITA
55 76 64 Adige ← Eisack ← Rienz ← Ahr 436 14543 235 Adriatic Sea near Chioggia  ITA [note 92] [181]
- - - Adige ← Etsch ← Karlinbach 421 14543 235 Adriatic Sea near Chioggia  ITA [note 93] [181]
- - - Brenta 174 4811 93 Adriatic Sea near Chioggia  ITA
- - - Piave 231 4420 137 Adriatic Sea near Venice  ITA
- - - Tagliamento 170 2939 92 Adriatic Sea near Lignano  ITA
- - 77 Isonzo/Soča 138 3327 173 Adriatic Sea near Monfalcone  ITA  SVN [2]
- 97 43 Neretva 240 10380 378 Adriatic Sea near Ploče  CRO  BIH [2][25]
- - - Trebišnjica 187 4926 114 Neretva in Neum  BIH [note 94]
66 61 16 Bojana/Buna ← Drin 384 18620 672 Adriatic Sea near Ulcinj  ALB  MNE  KOS
 MKD		 [note 95] [182]
- - - Drin ← Black Drin ← Sateska 343 14351 352 Buna near Lezhë  ALB  MKD [note 96] [2]
- - - White Drin 136 5005 66 Drin in Kukës  ALB  KOS [2]
- - - Morača 100 2820 156 Lake Skadar (Bojana) near Žabljak Crnojevića  MNE [183]
- - - Shkumbin 181 2922 62 Adriatic Sea near Lushnjë  ALB [182]
97 - - Seman ← Devoll 281 6124 96 Adriatic Sea near Fier  ALB [182]
100 - 72 Aoös/Vjosë 272 6777 204 Adriatic Sea near Vlorë  ALB  GRE [2]
- - - Achelous 220 5662 137 Ionian Sea near Astakos  GRE
- - - Pineios (Thessaly) 216 9301 81 Aegean Sea near Larissa  GRE
93 - - Haliacmon 297 8664 80 Aegean Sea near Thessaloniki  GRE
65 51 79 Vardar/Axios ← Treska 393 24503 170 Aegean Sea near Thessaloniki  GRE  MKD [note 97] [2]
- - - Vardar/Axios 388 24503 170 Aegean Sea near Thessaloniki  GRE  MKD [2]
61 68 - Struma/Strymon 415 16801 76 Thracian Sea in Amphipolis  GRE  BUL [2]
- - - Nestos/Mesta 243 5864 45 Thracian Sea near Thasos  GRE  BUL [2]
44 31 40 Maritsa/Meriç/Evros 515 53475 383 Thracian Sea near Alexandroupoli  GRE  TUR  BUL [2]
- - - Ergene 281 11016 28 Maritsa near İpsala  TUR [note 98] [2][184][185]
- - - Tundzha 380 8583 32 Maritsa in Edirne  TUR  BUL
- - - Arda 290 5623 77 Maritsa near Edirne  GRE  BUL
- - - Veleka 147 995 9.4 Black Sea near Sinemorets  BUL  TUR
104 - - Kamchiya ← Luda Kamchiya 254 5373 26 Black Sea near Varna  BUL [186]
2 2 2 Danube 2857 801463 6450 Black Sea near Sulina  ROM  UKR  MDA
 BUL  SRB  CRO
 HUN  SVK  AUT
 GER		 [note 99] [2][25]
- - - Prut 953 27820 105 Danube at Giurgiulești  MDA  ROM  UKR [note 100] [187][2]
- - - Jijia 275 5757 14 Prut near Huși  ROM  UKR
- - - Siret 559 45857 240 Danube in Galați  ROM  UKR [note 101] [2]
- - - Buzău 325 5537 29 Siret near Galați  ROM
- - - Bistrița 283 7018 66 Siret near Bacău  ROM
- - - Ialomița 417 11116 40 Danube near Hârșova  ROM
- - - Argeș 350 12652 73 Danube in Oltenița  ROM
- - - Dâmbovița 245 2837 26 Argeș near Budești  ROM [note 102] [188]
- - - Yantra 285 7897 47 Danube near Svishtov  BUL
- - - Osam 314 2866 16 Danube near Nikopol  BUL
- - - Olt 615 24130 174 Danube near Turnu Măgurele  ROM
- - - Iskar 368 8511 54 Danube near Gigen  BUL
- - - Jiu 339 10157 86 Danube near Bechet  ROM
- - - Great Morava ← West Morava ← Ibar 550 37709 232 Danube near Smederevo  SRB [note 103] [2]
- - - South Morava 295 15550 100 Great Morava near Kruševac  SRB  KOS
- - - West Morava 308 15710 120 Great Morava near Kruševac  SRB
- - - Ibar 276 7914 60 West Morava in Kraljevo  SRB  KOS  MNE
- - - Timiš/Tamis 359 10495 47 Danube in Pančevo  SRB  ROM
- - - Sava ← Sava Dolinka 945 94613 1609 Danube in Belgrade  SRB  BIH  CRO
 SVN		 [note 104] [2][189][190]
- - - Drina ← Tara 486 19650 370 Sava near Bijeljina  BIH  SRB  MNE [note 105] [191][190]
- - - Lim 220 6797 96 Drina near Višegrad  BIH  SRB  MNE [192]
- - - Bosna 271 10490 174 Sava in Bosanski Šamac  BIH [2][191]
- - - Vrbas 235 6501 132 Sava in Srbac  BIH [191]
- - - Una 214 9657 220 Sava in Jasenovac  BIH  CRO [note 106] [2][190]
- - - Kupa/Kolpa 297 10194 201 Sava in Sisak  CRO  SVN [2]
- - - Tisza ← Someș 1111 154073 863 Danube near Titel  SRB