Test Pilot (film)

Test Pilot
Test Pilot
	Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Victor Fleming
Written by	Frank Wead
Screenplay by	Waldemar Young; Vincent Lawrence; Howard Hawks; John Lee Mahin
Produced by	Louis D. Lighton
Starring	Clark Gable; Myrna Loy; Spencer Tracy
Cinematography	Ray June
Edited by	Tom Held
Music by	Franz Waxman
Production; company	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Distributed by	Loew's Inc.
Release dates	April 15, 1938; (New York and Los Angeles) ; April 22, 1938 (US);
Running time	118 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$1.7 million
Box office	$3.9 million

Test Pilot is a 1938 American drama film directed by Victor Fleming, starring Clark Gable, Myrna Loy and Spencer Tracy, and featuring Lionel Barrymore. The Oscar-nominated film tells the story of a daredevil test pilot (Gable), his wife (Loy), and his best friend (Tracy).

Test Pilot was written by Howard Hawks, Vincent Lawrence, John Lee Mahin, Frank Wead, and Waldemar Young. The screenplay was largely based on an original story by former naval aviator Wead.

Plot

Reckless test pilot Jim Lane is forced to land on a Kansas farm in his aircraft, the "Drake Bullet", where he meets Ann "Thursday" Barton. They spend the day together and fall in love. Once Jim's best friend and mechanic, Gunner Morris, arrives, Jim ignores Ann. To spur him, she gets engaged to her sweetheart. Jim leaves in the morning, but soon comes back for her. They quickly get married.

Jim loses his job at Drake when he clashes with the owner. He gets a job with another outfit, flying a very experimental aircraft. Ann soon finds out how dangerous her husband's occupation is, but she promises Gunner that she will stick to her man. Jim wins the race, but Benson, the man Drake sends in Jim's place, dies, leaving a wife and three children behind.

Jim tries to reform his ways and begins by taking a job testing aircraft, even conducting dangerous flights as he wants to give Ann a real home. Gunner remains true to his friend.^{[N 1]}

One day, Gunner accompanies Jim on a test flight of a new bomber (a Y1B-17, a pre-production Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress prototype). Upon reaching 30,000 feet (9,100 m; 9.1 km), the bomber goes into a spin and sandbags (substituting for the weight of bombs) break loose, pinning Gunner. Unwilling to bail out without his buddy, Jim manages to crash land, and pulls a badly injured Gunner out of the wreckage right before it burst into flames, but it is too late for Gunner. When Jim realizes the toll his job has taken on his wife, he gives it up and joins the United States Army Air Corps.

Cast

As appearing in Test Pilot (main roles and screen credits identified):^[4]

Clark Gable as Jim Lane
Myrna Loy as Ann Barton
Spencer Tracy as Gunner Morris
Lionel Barrymore as Drake
Samuel S. Hinds as General Ross
Marjorie Main as Landlady
Ted Pearson as Joe
Gloria Holden as Mrs. Benson
Louis Jean Heydt as Benson
Virginia Grey as Sarah
Priscilla Lawson as Mable
Arthur Aylesworth as Mr. Frank Barton
Claudia Coleman as Mrs. Barton
Fay Holden as Lingerie Saleslady (uncredited)
Roger Converse as Advertising Man (uncredited)
Gregory Gaye as Grant (uncredited)
Lester Dorr as Pilot (uncredited)

Production

Test Pilot brought together three of the most bankable Hollywood stars of the period, but while Loy and Gable became friends, an uneasy relationship existed between Tracy and Gable. At the climax of a lengthy take where he was cradling his comrade's head in his arms, Gable was reported to have said, "Die, goddamn it, Spence! I wish to Christ you would!" and dropped Tracy's head with a thud.^[5]

Principal photography took place from December 1, 1937, to February 18, 1938, at MGM studios and on location at Van Nuys, California, Lindbergh Field (San Diego), March Field, California, and at the Cleveland National Air Races, with retakes on March 30 to early April 1938.^[6] Test Pilot utilized authentic United States Army Air Corps airfield settings and was able to obtain rights to film using Boeing's new Y1B-17, which was destined to become the progenitor of the wartime B-17 bomber series. The Drake Bullet was actually the SEV-S2 NR70Y, a modified civilian racer version of the U.S. Army Air Corps P-35. The other test aircraft that is flown to its top diving speed is a Northrop A-17 attack bomber.^[7]^{[N 2]} Renowned movie stunt pilot Paul Mantz served as the second unit director in charge of the flying sequences.^[8] Although uncredited, real-life test pilot Sammy Wroath did the flying sequences.

Reception

Proving to be an "audience-pleaser"^[9] and becoming one of MGM's top money-makers in 1938, Test Pilot also found favor with critics. Frank S. Nugent of The New York Times called it "a bang-up aviation drama ... It is a generous show by any reckoning, long in its running time, star-studded and spectacular, and Victor Fleming, its director, has paced it wisely."^[10] Film Daily raved, "Spectacular romance thriller ... It can't miss."^[11] Harrison's Reports wrote, "Excellent entertainment ... Other air pictures have been made; but for sheer thrills, this one leads them all because of the realistic way it has been done."^[12] John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote that while aviation films with fine flying scenes had already been done, those in this picture were "superior to the average".^[13]

Today, it is considered a significant aviation film by historians due to the use of contemporary aircraft.^[14] Even at the time of its release, Variety noted that the "story bespeaks authority in detail, obviously explained by the fact that Capt. Frank Wead, who authored the original, has had (a) practical aviation background."^[15] Both Loy and Tracy (despite his obvious scene-stealing battles with Gable) later claimed Test Pilot was their favorite film.^[5]

Box office

According to MGM records, Test Pilot earned $2,431,000 in the U.S. and $1,472,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of $967,000.^[2]

Academy Award nominations

Test Pilot was nominated for Best Picture at the 11th Academy Awards, while Wead was nominated for Best Story, and Tom Held for Best Film Editing.

References

Notes

^ Gunner has a superstitious preflight ritual of putting a piece of chewing gum on the aircraft. In The Right Stuff (1983), Jack Ridley, Chuck Yeager's best friend and engineer on his test missions, also had given him a stick of Beemans chewing gum before Yeager's test flights. This allusion to a chewing gum ritual was later included in The Rocketeer (1991).^[3]
^ In the film, the A-17 sheds a wing.

Citations

^ Hanson 1993, p. 2144.
^ ^a ^b ^c "The Eddie Mannix Ledger". Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Picture Study, Los Angeles.
^ "Beemans Gum Featured In The Right Stuff." Archived 2013-08-10 at the Wayback Machine Beemans gum. Retrieved: August 25, 2013.
^ "Credits: 'Test Pilot' (1938)." IMDb. Retrieved: January 5, 2013.
^ ^a ^b Tatara, Paul. "Test Pilot: Articles." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved: February 15, 2024.
^ "Test Pilot: Original Print Information."Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved: February 15, 2024.
^ "Test Pilot". Aero Files. Retrieved: August 25, 2013.
^ Orriss 1984, pp. 13–14.
^ Erickson, Hal. "Test Pilot." The New York Times. Retrieved: September 21, 2015.
^ Nugent, Frank S. "The Screen: 'Test Pilot,' Metro's aviation drama, opens at the Capitol". The New York Times, April 16, 1938, p. 17.
^ "Reviews of the new films." Film Daily (New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk, Inc.), April 15, 1938, p. 7.
^ "Test Pilot." Harrison's Reports (New York), April 30, 1938, p. 70.
^ Mosher, John. "The current cinema." The New Yorker (F-R Publishing Corp.), April 23, 1938, p. 68.
^ Hardwick and Schnepf 1989, p. 61.
^ "Film reviews." Variety, April 20, 1938, p. 15.

Bibliography

Dolan, Edward F. Jr. Hollywood Goes to War. London: Bison Books, 1985. ISBN 0-86124-229-7.
Hanson, Patricia King, ed. The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States: Feature Films, 1931-1940. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993. ISBN 0-520-07908-6.
Hardwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf. "A Buff's Guide to Aviation Movies". Air Progress Aviation, Vol. 7, No. 1, Spring 1983.
Orriss, Bruce. When Hollywood Ruled the Skies: The Aviation Film Classics of World War II. Hawthorne, California: Aero Associates Inc., 1984. ISBN 0-9613088-0-X.

External links

Test Pilot at the TCM Movie Database
Test Pilot at IMDb
Test Pilot at AllMovie
Test Pilot at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
Test Pilot at Rotten Tomatoes

[4] Gunner has a superstitious preflight ritual of putting a piece of chewing gum on the aircraft. In The Right Stuff (1983), Jack Ridley, Chuck Yeager's best friend and engineer on his test missions, also had given him a stick of Beemans chewing gum before Yeager's test flights. This allusion to a chewing gum ritual was later included in The Rocketeer (1991).^[3]

[9] In the film, the A-17 sheds a wing.

[1] Hanson 1993, p. 2144.

[Mannix-2] "The Eddie Mannix Ledger". Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Picture Study, Los Angeles.

[3] "Beemans Gum Featured In The Right Stuff." Archived 2013-08-10 at the Wayback Machine Beemans gum. Retrieved: August 25, 2013.

[credits-5] "Credits: 'Test Pilot' (1938)." IMDb. Retrieved: January 5, 2013.

[Articles-6] Tatara, Paul. "Test Pilot: Articles." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved: February 15, 2024.

[7] "Test Pilot: Original Print Information."Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved: February 15, 2024.

[8] "Test Pilot". Aero Files. Retrieved: August 25, 2013.

[10] Orriss 1984, pp. 13–14.

[11] Erickson, Hal. "Test Pilot." The New York Times. Retrieved: September 21, 2015.

[12] Nugent, Frank S. "The Screen: 'Test Pilot,' Metro's aviation drama, opens at the Capitol". The New York Times, April 16, 1938, p. 17.

[13] "Reviews of the new films." Film Daily (New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk, Inc.), April 15, 1938, p. 7.

[14] "Test Pilot." Harrison's Reports (New York), April 30, 1938, p. 70.

[15] Mosher, John. "The current cinema." The New Yorker (F-R Publishing Corp.), April 23, 1938, p. 68.

[16] Hardwick and Schnepf 1989, p. 61.

[17] "Film reviews." Variety, April 20, 1938, p. 15.

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