Thieme-Becker

Thieme-Becker is a German biographical dictionary of artists.

The dictionary was begun under the editorship of Ulrich Thieme (1865–1922)^[1] (volumes one to fifteen) and Felix Becker (1864–1928)^[2] (volumes one to four). It was completed under the editorship of Frederick Charles Willis (b. 1883) (volumes fourteen and fifteen) and Hans Vollmer (1878–1969) (volumes sixteen to thirty-seven).^[3][4]

Its full title is Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart (English: General Dictionary of Artists from Antiquity to the Present), and it was published in thirty-seven volumes between 1907 and 1950, the first four volumes by Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann of Leipzig, and the remainder by Verlag E.A. Seemann, also of Leipzig.^[3][4]

Thieme-Becker was immediately supplemented by Vollmer's Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler des XX. Jahrhunderts (English: General Dictionary of Artists of the 20th Century), published in six volumes by E.A. Seemann between 1953 and 1962.^[4] The supplement is referred to as Vollmer, and the two works together as Thieme-Becker-Vollmer.

The first thirty-seven volumes contain 148,180 biographies written with the help of around 400 specialists worldwide.^[3][4] The six supplementary volumes contain a further 47,229 biographies written almost entirely by Hans Vollmer.^[3][4] The attention Thieme-Becker-Vollmer paid to non-Western artists, including those from Asia and the Islamic world, made it a "pioneering enterprise."^[5] It is still valued for its coverage of otherwise little-known artists, architects, and designers, and as a summa of art scholarship in the first half of the twentieth century. It "remains the most authoritative dictionary of artists"^[6] and the most widely consulted reference of its kind, even in English-speaking countries.^[7][8] The bibliographic sections are considered "outstanding" and "invaluable."^[9]

Thieme-Becker-Vollmer has rarely been out of print. Anastatic and photomechanical facsimiles of the original volumes were published from the 1940s to the 1980s, and the entire forty-three-volume set has been reissued in trade paperback (1992), in a student edition (1999), and on CD-ROM (2008).^[10] The publication of a six-volume index as late as 1996–1997 was a measure of the work's enduring usefulness.^[11]

A complete overhaul of Thieme-Becker-Vollmer began in 1969 under the title Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon: Die bildenden Künstler aller Zeiten und Völker, or AKL (English: literally General Dictionary of Artists: The Artists of All Times and Nations, but marketed as Artists of the World).^[3] Early progress was slow (three volumes 1983–1989), due partly to the project's isolation in East Germany.^[3] The pace picked up in 1991, when it switched to "electronic data processing" and a new publisher, K.G. Saur Verlag of Munich.^[3] Since 2006, AKL has been published by Walter de Gruyter of Berlin, and by 2014 it had reached Volume 83: Lalix–Leibowitz.^[12] There is also an online edition, Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon: Internationale Künstlerdatenbank, or AKL-IKD or AKL Online, which by 2014 included 500,000 biographies (containing information on one million artists); it is continuously updated and about 3,500 new entries are added annually.^[13]