Unnyul Line

Ŭnnyul Line
Overview
Native name	은률선(殷栗線)
Status	Operational
Owner	West Chosen Development Railway (1920–1923) Chosen Railway (1923–1944) Chosen Government Railway (1944–1945) Korean State Railway (since 1945)
Locale	North Hwanghae South Hwanghae
Termini	Ŭnp'a Ch'ŏlgwang
Stations	18
Service
Type	Heavy rail, Passenger/Freight Regional rail
History
Opened	Stages from 1920-1971
Closed	1971 (Sariwŏn - Chaeryŏng)
Technical
Line length	117.8 km (73.2 mi)
Number of tracks	Single track
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Old gauge	762 mm (2 ft 6 in)
Minimum radius	300 m (980 ft)
Maximum incline	15‰
Route map Legend P'yŏngbu Line 0.0 Sariwŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn P'yŏngbu Line Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line 1.5 West Sariwŏn Closed 3.6 Migok Closed (bridge appx 125 m (410 ft)) 8.1 Sŏjong Closed Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line 0.0 Ŭnp'a Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line (bridge appx 150 m (490 ft)) Ŭnp'ach'ŏn (bridge appx 55 m (180 ft)) 5.2 Yangdong (bridge appx 30 m (98 ft)) 11.9 Samgang Closed Sahae Line (bridge appx 415 m (1,362 ft)) (bridge appx 355 m (1,165 ft)) Chaeryŏng River Taeryŏng Canal 16.0 Kŭmsan Closed 11.3 Kŭmsan quarry (bridge appx 40 m (130 ft)) (bridge appx 45 m (148 ft)) 7.9 Chaeryŏng Ch'ŏksoch'ŏn (bridge appx 45 m (148 ft)) 22.2 25.0 Paeksŏk 15.4 Changch'on Closed 32.4 Sinch'ŏn Onch'ŏn Closed 28.7 Sinch'ŏn Onch'ŏn 32.7 Sinch'ŏn 35.1 Sinch'ŏn Closed 37.6 41.3 Hwanghae Ryongmun 42.5 46.2 Munhwa Closed Samch'ŏn Catfish Breeding Plant 48.0 51.7 Samch'ŏn 51.5 55.2 Wŏlbong Closed (bridge appx 60 m (200 ft)) 54.7 57.4 Yach'on (bridge appx 60 m (200 ft)) 60.4 63.1 Sugyo Changyŏn Line Namdaech'ŏn (bridge appx 70 m (230 ft)) 64.5 Kut'an Closed (tunnel appx 75 m (246 ft)) (bridge appx 80 m (260 ft)) 69.7 Songhwa (tunnel appx 125 m (410 ft)) (bridge appx 55 m (180 ft)) 78.8 Sansu (bridge appx 55 m (180 ft)) (bridge appx 30 m (98 ft)) 87.2 Kwail (Kwail Orchard loading spur) (bridge appx 60 m (200 ft)) 96.8 Sindae (bridge appx 55 m (180 ft)) Han'ilch'ŏn (bridge appx 210 m (690 ft)) 107.5 Ŭnnyul (bridge appx 55 m (180 ft)) (bridge appx 45 m (148 ft)) (bridge appx 45 m (148 ft)) 114.0 Kŭmsanp'o (bridge appx 35 m (115 ft)) 117.8 Ch'ŏlgwang (iron ore mine) Ryongjŏng Line Closed Sŏhae Kammun Line

The Ŭnnyul Line is a non-electrified standard-gauge secondary line of the Korean State Railway in the North and South Hwanghae provinces of North Korea, running from Ŭnp'a to Ch'ŏlgwang.^[1] It is an important line in economic terms, connecting the agricultural and ore-producing areas of Kwail and Ŭnnyul counties with the rest of the DPRK.^[2]

The line connects to the Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line at Ŭnp'a, to the Changyŏn Line at Sugyo, and to the Sŏhae Kammun Line at Ch'ŏlgwang, and formerly connected to the narrow gauge Ryongjŏng Line at Ch'ŏlgwang.^[1] The ruling grade is 15‰, the minimum curve radius is 300 m; there are 67 bridges with a total length of 2,515 m (8,251 ft), but only two tunnels with a total length of 200 m (660 ft).^[2]

The West Chosen Development Railway (西鮮殖産鉄道, Seisen Shokusan Tetsudō; 서선식산철도 Sŏsŏn Siksan Ch'ŏldo) was formed in 1920 to take over the 762 mm (30.0 in) narrow gauge Sanghae—Hwasan—Naet'o line built by the Mitsubishi Ironworks as a company-use railway,^[3][4] and then built a new narrow gauge line from Sariwŏn to Chaeryŏng via Sanghae. This new line was opened on 21 December 1920,^[5] and on 16 November of the following year it was extended from Chaeryŏng to Sinch'ŏn.^[6]

On 1 April 1923, the West Chosen Development Railway and five other railway companies merged to create the Chosen Railway (abbreviated Chōtetsu),^[7] which took over all lines and operations of its predecessors. Chōtetsu grouped the Sariwŏn—Sanghae—Sinch'ŏn and Sanghae—Hwasan—Naet'o lines inherited from the West Chosen Development Railway together, calling them the Hwanghae Line, and subsequently expanded the Hwanghae Line network significantly. These expansions included the extension of the Sariwŏn—Sinch'ŏn line, opening a section from Sinch'ŏn to Sugyo on 1 November 1929, followed by a section from Sugyo to Changyŏn on 21 January 1937.^[8]

Chōtetsu sold the Hwanghae Line network to the state-owned Chosen Government Railway (abbreviated Sentetsu) on 1 April 1944, which absorbed the Hwanghae Line network and split it up, calling the Sariwŏn—Sinch'ŏn—Changyŏn line the Changyŏn Line.^[9] Although Sentetsu did make significant expansions to other parts of the former Hwanghae Line network, this line remained unchanged for the duration of Japanese rule in Korea.

After the end of Japanese rule and the subsequent partition of Korea, Sentetsu's Changyŏn Line was located in the northern half, becoming part of the Korean State Railway. After the end of the Korean War the Railway Ministry of the DPRK began to expand and improve its network, including in South Hwanghae, leading to the opening of a line from Sugyo to Ch'ŏlgwang in 1963.^[2] With the opening of the new line, the Sariwŏn—Sugyo—Ch'ŏlgwang line was named Ŭnnyul Line, leaving the Changyŏn Line as just the short branch from Sugyo to Changyŏn. In 1971, a new standard gauge line was opened from Ŭnp'a on the former Sahae Line to Chaeryŏng, and at the same time, the Chaeryŏng—Sinch'ŏn—Sugyo section was converted to standard gauge.^[2] The opening of the new standard gauge line from Ŭnp'a to Chaeryŏng led to the closure of the narrow gauge Sariwŏn—Chaeryŏng line.^[10] The regauging of the rest of the line from Sugyo to Ch'ŏlgwang was completed in 1973.^[2]

In terms of traffic quantity, freight on the Ŭnp'a–Sugyo section is roughly the same in both directions, but the bulk of freight on the Sugyo–Ch'ŏlgwang section is iron ore eastbound from the Ch'ŏlgwang area destined for the Hwanghae Iron & Steel Complex on the Songrim Line. Fruit from Kwail and Hwanghae Ryongmun is also a significant source of freight originating on the line. The primary commodities arriving onto the line from elsewhere include anthracite, fertiliser, wood and cement.^[2]

The following passenger trains were scheduled on this line in the 2002 passenger timetable:^[11]

• Semi-express trains 119-122/120-121, operating between Sinch'ŏn and Ch'ŏngjin Ch'ŏngnyŏn via Sariwŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn and P'yŏngyang, run on this line between Sinch'ŏn and Ŭnp'a, taking three days to travel each way;^[12]
• Semi-express trains 138-139/140-141, operating between Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn and Changyŏn, run on this line between Ŭnp'a and Sugyo;
• Regional trains 219/220, operating between Taedonggang and Ch'ŏlgwang, run on the entirety of this line between Ŭnp'a and Ch'ŏlgwang;
• Regional trains 244-245/246-247, operating between Haeju Ch'ŏngnyŏn and Ch'ŏlgwang, run on the entirety of this line between Ŭnp'a and Ch'ŏlgwang.

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates non-electrified standard gauge; orange indicates non-electrified 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge.

Prior to 1971, the Sariwŏn – Chaeryŏng – Sugyo section was part of the Changyŏn Line.

• Japanese Government Railways (1937), 鉄道停車場一覧. 昭和12年10月1日現在(The List of the Stations as of 1 October 1937), Kawaguchi Printing Company, Tokyo, p508