A (Mongolic)
A is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551
Mongolian language
[edit]
Look up ᠠ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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| Mongolian vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Mongolian consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Foreign consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letter[2]: 17, 18 [3]: 546 | ||
|---|---|---|
| ‑a | a | Transliteration[note 1] |
| — | ᠠ [note 2] | Alone |
| ᠠ᠋ [note 3] | ||
.svg){kind=small} [note 4] | ||
| ᠠ [note 5] | Initial | |
| ᠠ | Medial | |
| ᠠ | Connected final | |
| ᠠ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ | — | Separated final |
| Ligatures[2]: 22–23 [3]: 546 | ||
|---|---|---|
| ba | pa | Transliteration |
| ᠪᠠ [note 6] | ᠫᠠ | Alone |
| ᠪᠠ | ᠫᠠ | Initial |
| ᠪᠠ | ᠫᠠ | Medial |
| ᠪᠠ | ᠫᠠ | Final |
| Separated suffixes[note 7] | |
|---|---|
| ‑a | Transliteration |
ᠠ⟨?⟩ ⟨.svg){kind=small} ⟩ | Initial |
| ᠠ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ | Whole |
- Transcribes Chakhar /ɑ/;[8][9] Khalkha /a/, /ə/, and /∅/.[10]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter а.[11][4]
- Medial and final forms may be distinguished from those of other tooth-shaped letters through: vowel harmony (e), the shape of adjacent consonants (q/k and γ/g), and position in syllable sequence (n, ng, q, γ, d).[12]
- The final tail extends to the left after bow-shaped consonants (such as b, and p), and to the right in all other cases.
- ᠠ᠋ = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.[13]: 44
- ᠠ᠋⟨?⟩ ⟨
⟩ = connected galik final.[2]: 26–28 [13]: 38–39 - Derived from Old Uyghur aleph (𐽰), written twice for isolate and initial forms.[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [14]: 111, 113 [13]: 35
- Produced with A using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[15]
- In the Mongolian Unicode block, a comes before e.
Clear Script
[edit]Look up ᠠ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Xibe language
[edit]Look up ᠠ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Manchu language
[edit]Look up ᠠ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Scholarly transliteration.[4]
- ^ As in the interjection ᠠ a (аа aa) 'a!, oh!, well!'.[6]: 1
- ^ As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö), or interjection ᠡ e (ээ ee) 'oh!'.[6]: 1, 284
- ^ As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö).[6]: 1
- ^ Also used in enumerations, akin to a) or b).[2]: 18
- ^ As in ᠪᠠ ba (ба ba) 'and'.[6]: 64 [2]: 22
- ^ Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter a include: ᠠ⟨?⟩ ‑a (vocative or dative-locative), ᠠᠴᠠ⟨?⟩ ‑ača (ablative), and ᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ⟨?⟩ ‑ačaγan (reflexive+ablative).[7]
References
[edit]- ^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ a b c d e Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
- ^ a b c Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
- ^ a b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
- ^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
- ^ a b c d Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[5]
- ^ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
- ^ Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
- ^ Viklund, Andreas. "Lingua Mongolia - Mongolian Grammar Reference". Lingua Mongolia. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ a b c Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
- ^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
- ^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.