KCNH1
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNH1 gene.[5][6][7]
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, subfamily H. This member is a pore-forming (alpha) subunit of a voltage-gated non-inactivating delayed rectifier potassium channel. It is activated at the onset of myoblast differentiation. The gene is highly expressed in brain and in myoblasts. Overexpression of the gene may confer a growth advantage to cancer cells and favor tumor cell proliferation. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[7]
Interactions
[edit]KCNH1 has been shown to interact with KCNB1.[8]
Function
[edit]The KCNH1 gene encodes a highly conserved voltage-gated potassium channel with predominant expression in the adult central nervous system.[9]
Pathologies
[edit]Gabbett and colleagues described Temple–Baraitser syndrome (TBS) in 2008, naming the condition after English clinical geneticists Profs Karen Temple and Michael Baraitser.[10] They then went on to demonstrate that de novo missense mutations in the KCNH1 gene cause deleterious gain of function in the voltage-gated potassium channel, resulting in the multisystem developmental disorder. TBS is categorized by intellectual disabilities, epilepsy, typical facial features, and aplasia of the nails. Simons et al. demonstrated that mutational mosaicism present in the mothers of some probands was responsible for their children's TBS phenotype. This is further evidence of the role that genetic mosaicism plays in the etiology of neurological disorders.[11]
Type 1 Zimmermann–Laband syndrome was later found to be caused by similar mutations in KCNH1.[12] This has led some researchers to believe that type 1 Zimmermann-Laband and Temple-Baraitser syndromes are different manifestations of the same disorder.[13][14]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000143473 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000058248 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Occhiodoro T, Bernheim L, Liu JH, Bijlenga P, Sinnreich M, Bader CR, Fischer-Lougheed J (August 1998). "Cloning of a human ether-a-go-go potassium channel expressed in myoblasts at the onset of fusion". FEBS Letters. 434 (1–2): 177–182. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00973-9. PMID 9738473.
- ^ Gutman GA, Chandy KG, Grissmer S, Lazdunski M, McKinnon D, Pardo LA, et al. (December 2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. LIII. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of voltage-gated potassium channels". Pharmacological Reviews. 57 (4): 473–508. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.10. PMID 16382104. S2CID 219195192.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: KCNH1 potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H (eag-related), member 1".
- ^ Ottschytsch N, Raes A, Van Hoorick D, Snyders DJ (June 2002). "Obligatory heterotetramerization of three previously uncharacterized Kv channel alpha-subunits identified in the human genome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (12): 7986–7991. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.7986O. doi:10.1073/pnas.122617999. PMC 123007. PMID 12060745.
- ^ "603305 - Potassium channel, voltage-gated; subfamily H, member 1; KCNH1". Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM).
- ^ Gabbett MT, Clark RC, McGaughran JM (February 2008). "A second case of severe mental retardation and absent nails of hallux and pollex (Temple-Baraitser syndrome)". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 146A (4): 450–452. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32129. PMID 18203178. S2CID 2532859.
- ^ Simons C, Rash LD, Crawford J, Ma L, Cristofori-Armstrong B, Miller D, et al. (January 2015). "Mutations in the voltage-gated potassium channel gene KCNH1 cause Temple-Baraitser syndrome and epilepsy". Nature Genetics. 47 (1): 73–77. doi:10.1038/ng.3153. PMID 25420144. S2CID 52799681.
- ^ Kortüm F, Caputo V, Bauer CK, Stella L, Ciolfi A, Alawi M, et al. (June 2015). "Mutations in KCNH1 and ATP6V1B2 cause Zimmermann-Laband syndrome". Nature Genetics. 47 (6): 661–667. doi:10.1038/ng.3282. hdl:2108/118197. PMID 25915598. S2CID 12060592.
- ^ Mégarbané A, Al-Ali R, Choucair N, Lek M, Wang E, Ladjimi M, et al. (June 2016). "Temple-Baraitser Syndrome and Zimmermann-Laband Syndrome: one clinical entity?". BMC Medical Genetics. 17 (1): 42. doi:10.1186/s12881-016-0304-4. PMC 4901505. PMID 27282200.
- ^ Bramswig NC, Ockeloen CW, Czeschik JC, van Essen AJ, Pfundt R, Smeitink J, et al. (October 2015). "'Splitting versus lumping': Temple-Baraitser and Zimmermann-Laband Syndromes". Human Genetics. 134 (10): 1089–1097. doi:10.1007/s00439-015-1590-1. PMID 26264464. S2CID 14238362.
Further reading
[edit]- Warmke JW, Ganetzky B (April 1994). "A family of potassium channel genes related to eag in Drosophila and mammals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91 (8): 3438–3442. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.3438W. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.8.3438. PMC 43592. PMID 8159766.
- Hoshi N, Takahashi H, Shahidullah M, Yokoyama S, Higashida H (September 1998). "KCR1, a membrane protein that facilitates functional expression of non-inactivating K+ currents associates with rat EAG voltage-dependent K+ channels". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (36): 23080–23085. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.36.23080. PMID 9722534.
- Pardo LA, del Camino D, Sánchez A, Alves F, Brüggemann A, Beckh S, Stühmer W (October 1999). "Oncogenic potential of EAG K(+) channels". The EMBO Journal. 18 (20): 5540–5547. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.20.5540. PMC 1171622. PMID 10523298.
- Schönherr R, Löber K, Heinemann SH (July 2000). "Inhibition of human ether à go-go potassium channels by Ca(2+)/calmodulin". The EMBO Journal. 19 (13): 3263–3271. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.13.3263. PMC 313935. PMID 10880439.
- Cayabyab FS, Schlichter LC (April 2002). "Regulation of an ERG K+ current by Src tyrosine kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (16): 13673–13681. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108211200. PMID 11834728.
- Schönherr R, Gessner G, Löber K, Heinemann SH (March 2002). "Functional distinction of human EAG1 and EAG2 potassium channels". FEBS Letters. 514 (2–3): 204–208. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02365-7. PMID 11943152. S2CID 8404036.
- Ottschytsch N, Raes A, Van Hoorick D, Snyders DJ (June 2002). "Obligatory heterotetramerization of three previously uncharacterized Kv channel alpha-subunits identified in the human genome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (12): 7986–7991. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.7986O. doi:10.1073/pnas.122617999. PMC 123007. PMID 12060745.
- Farias LM, Ocaña DB, Díaz L, Larrea F, Avila-Chávez E, Cadena A, et al. (October 2004). "Ether a go-go potassium channels as human cervical cancer markers". Cancer Research. 64 (19): 6996–7001. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1204. PMID 15466192. S2CID 6791131.
- Kang J, Chen XL, Wang H, Ji J, Cheng H, Incardona J, et al. (March 2005). "Discovery of a small molecule activator of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) cardiac K+ channel". Molecular Pharmacology. 67 (3): 827–836. doi:10.1124/mol.104.006577. PMID 15548764. S2CID 35049797.
- Ziechner U, Schönherr R, Born AK, Gavrilova-Ruch O, Glaser RW, Malesevic M, et al. (March 2006). "Inhibition of human ether à go-go potassium channels by Ca2+/calmodulin binding to the cytosolic N- and C-termini". The FEBS Journal. 273 (5): 1074–1086. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05134.x. PMID 16478480. S2CID 26926041.
- Weber C, de Queiroz FM, Downie BR, Suckow A, Stühmer W, Pardo LA (May 2006). "Silencing the activity and proliferative properties of the human EagI Potassium Channel by RNA Interference". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (19): 13030–13037. doi:10.1074/jbc.M600883200. PMID 16537547.
- Mello de Queiroz F, Suarez-Kurtz G, Stühmer W, Pardo LA (October 2006). "Ether à go-go potassium channel expression in soft tissue sarcoma patients". Molecular Cancer. 5: 42. doi:10.1186/1476-4598-5-42. PMC 1618397. PMID 17022811.
- Ocorr K, Reeves NL, Wessells RJ, Fink M, Chen HS, Akasaka T, et al. (March 2007). "KCNQ potassium channel mutations cause cardiac arrhythmias in Drosophila that mimic the effects of aging". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (10): 3943–3948. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.3943O. doi:10.1073/pnas.0609278104. PMC 1820688. PMID 17360457.
- Ding XW, Yan JJ, An P, Lü P, Luo HS (February 2007). "Aberrant expression of ether à go-go potassium channel in colorectal cancer patients and cell lines". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 13 (8): 1257–1261. doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i8.1257. PMC 4147004. PMID 17451210.
- Borowiec AS, Hague F, Harir N, Guénin S, Guerineau F, Gouilleux F, et al. (September 2007). "IGF-1 activates hEAG K(+) channels through an Akt-dependent signaling pathway in breast cancer cells: role in cell proliferation" (PDF). Journal of Cellular Physiology. 212 (3): 690–701. doi:10.1002/jcp.21065. PMID 17520698. S2CID 39833770.
- Simons C, Rash LD, Crawford J, Ma L, Cristofori-Armstrong B, Miller D, et al. (January 2015). "Mutations in the voltage-gated potassium channel gene KCNH1 cause Temple-Baraitser syndrome and epilepsy". Nature Genetics. 47 (1): 73–77. doi:10.1038/ng.3153. PMID 25420144. S2CID 52799681.
External links
[edit]- KCNH1+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Kv10.1+Potassium+Channel at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Human Disease Genes - KCNH1
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