Visa requirements for Armenian citizens

An Armenian passport

Visa requirements for Armenian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Armenia. As of July 2024, Armenian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 70 countries and territories, ranking the Armenian passport 75th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Armenian citizens in other countries also can benefit from the mobility rights arrangements within the Commonwealth of Independent States and the rules of the single market of the Eurasian Economic Union.

On 22 July 2024, the European Commission officially agreed to launch visa liberalization talks with Armenia.[2] Once negotiations conclude, Armenian citizens will be able to travel to the Schengen Area visa-free.

Visa requirements map

[edit]
Visa requirements for Armenian citizens holding ordinary passports
  Armenia
  Visa not required
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required
  Admission refused

Visa requirements

[edit]
Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[3]
 Albania Visa not required[4] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Algeria Visa required[5]
 Andorra Visa required[6]
 Angola Visa required[7]
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[8] 1 month
 Argentina Visa not required[9] 90 days
 Australia Visa required[10][11]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).
 Austria Visa required[12]
 Azerbaijan Admission refused[13]
 Bahamas Visa not required[14] 3 months
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[15] 14 days
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[16] 30 days
 Barbados Visa not required[17] 28 days
 Belarus Visa not required[18]
 Belgium Visa required[19]
 Belize Visa required[20]
  • Visa not required, if passengers have with a valid visa issued by a Schengen Member State for a maximum stay of 90 days.
 Benin eVisa[21][22] 30 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan eVisa[23][24]
 Bolivia Online Visa / Visa on arrival[25] 30 days[26]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa required[27]
  • Visa not required for a maximum stay of 7 days for valid visa holders or residents of the European Union member states.
 Botswana eVisa[28][29] 3 months
 Brazil Visa not required[30] 90 days
 Brunei Visa required[31]
 Bulgaria Visa required[32]
  • Visa not required for a maximum stay of 90 days within 180 days for valid visa holders or residents of the European Union member states. The visa must be used at least once and has an entry stamp from the issuing country.
 Burkina Faso eVisa[33][34]
 Burundi Visa on arrival[35] 1 month
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[36][37] 30 days
 Cameroon eVisa[38][39]
 Canada Visa required[40]
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[41]
 Central African Republic Visa required[42]
 Chad Visa required[43]
 Chile Visa required[44]
 China Visa not required[45] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  • Visa-free access to  Hong Kong for 30 days.
  • Visa-free access to  Macau for 90 days.
 Colombia eVisa[46][47]
 Comoros Visa on arrival[48] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[49]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[50][51] 7 days
 Costa Rica Visa required[52]
  • Visa required, except for Passengers with a multiple-entry business or tourist visa issued by Canada, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland or an EU Member State.
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[53][54] 3 months
 Croatia Visa required[55]
 Cuba Tourist card required[56] 90 days
  • Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
 Cyprus Visa required[57]
 Czech Republic Visa required[58]
 Denmark Visa required[59]
 Djibouti eVisa[60][61] 90 days
 Dominica Visa not required[62] 21 days
 Dominican Republic Visa required[63]
  • Visa required, except for passengers with a valid visa issued by Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Ireland (Rep.), Romania, United States, United Kingdom or a Schengen Member State.
 Ecuador Visa not required[64] 90 days
 Egypt eVisa / Visa on arrival[65][66] 30 days
 El Salvador Visa required[67]
 Equatorial Guinea eVisa[68][69]
 Eritrea Visa required[70]
 Estonia Visa required[71]
 Eswatini Visa required[72]
 Ethiopia eVisa[73][74] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa required[75]
 Finland Visa required[76]
 France Visa required[77]
 Gabon eVisa[78][79] 90 days
 Gambia Visa required[80]
 Georgia Visa not required[81] 1 year
  • Passport not required, identification card suffices.[82]
 Germany Visa required[83]
 Ghana Visa required[84]
 Greece Visa required[85]
 Grenada Visa required[86]
 Guatemala Visa required[87]
 Guinea eVisa[88][89] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[90] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[91]
 Haiti Visa not required[92] 3 months
 Honduras Visa required[93]
 Hungary Visa required[94]
 Iceland Visa required[95]
 India eVisa[96] 30 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][97]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[98]
 Indonesia e-VOA / Visa on arrival[99] 30 days[100]
 Iran Visa not required[101] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Iraq eVisa[102]
 Ireland Visa required[103]
 Israel Visa required[104]
 Italy Visa required[105]
 Jamaica Visa on arrival[106]
 Japan Visa required[107]
 Jordan eVisa / Visa on arrival[108][109] 3 months
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[110] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
 Kenya Electronic Travel Authorisation[111][112] 90 days
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee is USD 32.50.
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
 Kiribati Visa required[113]
 North Korea Visa required[114]
 South Korea Visa required[115]
 Kosovo Visa required[116]
 Kuwait Visa required[117]
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[118] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[119] 30 days
 Latvia Visa required[123]
 Lebanon Free visa on arrival[124] 1 month
  • 1 month extendable for 2 additional months.
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 Lesotho eVisa[125][126]
 Liberia Visa required[127]
 Libya eVisa[128][129]
 Liechtenstein Visa required[130]
 Lithuania Visa required[131]
 Luxembourg Visa required[132]
 Madagascar Visa on arrival[133] 60 days
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[134][135] 90 days
 Malaysia Visa not required[136] 30 days
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[137] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[138]
 Malta Visa required[139]
 Marshall Islands Visa required[140]
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[141]
 Mauritius Visa on arrival[142] 60 days
 Mexico Visa required[143]
  • Visa required, except for passengers with a valid visa issued by Canada, Japan, United States, United Kingdom or a Schengen Member State for a maximum stay of 180 days.
 Micronesia Visa not required[144] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[145] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Monaco Visa required[146]
 Mongolia eVisa[147][148] 30 days
 Montenegro Visa required[149]
 Morocco Visa required[150]
  • US, UK or Schengen (business or tourist) visa holders are eligible for e-Visa.
 Mozambique eVisa / Visa on arrival[151][152] 30 days
 Myanmar Visa required[153]
 Namibia Visa not required[154] 3 months
 Nauru Visa required[155]
   Nepal eVisa / Visa on arrival[156] 90 days[157]
 Netherlands Visa required[158]
 New Zealand Visa required[159]
  • Diplomatic and service passports with the former USSR symbol issued in Armenia are unacceptable, and visas will not be endorsed in them.[160]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[161]
 Nicaragua Visa required[162]
 Niger Visa required[163]
 Nigeria eVisa[164][165] 90 days
 North Macedonia Visa required[166]
 Norway Visa required[167]
 Oman Visa not required[168] 14 days
 Pakistan Visa required[169]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[170] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[171] 90 days
 Papua New Guinea eVisa[172][173] 60 days
  • Visitors may apply for a visa online under the "Tourist - Own Itinerary" category.
 Paraguay Visa required[174]
 Peru Visa required[175]
 Philippines Visa required[176]
 Poland Visa required[177]
 Portugal Visa required[178]
 Qatar Visa not required[179] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Romania Visa required[180]
 Russia Visa not required[181] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Rwanda Visa not required[182] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis eVisa[183][184]
 Saint Lucia Visa required[185]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[186] 3 months
 Samoa Visa not required[187] 60 days
 San Marino Visa required[188]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[189][190]
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[191]
  • US, UK or Schengen (business or tourist) visa holders are eligible for visa on arrival; the visa must be used at least once and has an entry stamp from the issuing country.
 Senegal Visa on arrival[192] 1 month
 Serbia Visa not required[193] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  • Long stay (up to 180 days) visas are issued free of charge.
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[194] 3 months
  • Extendable with a fee.
 Sierra Leone eVisa[195][196] 3 months
 Singapore Visa required[197]
 Slovakia Visa required[199]
 Slovenia Visa required[200]
 Solomon Islands Visa required[201]
 Somalia Visa on arrival[202] 30 days
 South Africa Visa required[203]
 South Sudan eVisa[204][205]
  • Obtainable online.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
 Spain Visa required[206]
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[207][208] 60 days / 30 days
  • The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6 month period.[209]
  • Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa):
  • e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee.
  • If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).
 Sudan Visa required[210]
 Suriname Visa not required[211][212] 90 days
  • An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival.[213]
  • Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[214]
 Sweden Visa required[215]
  Switzerland Visa required[216]
 Syria eVisa[217]
 Taiwan Visa required[218] 90 days
 Tajikistan Visa not required[219] 90 days
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[220][221] 90 days
 Thailand Visa on arrival[222] 15 days
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[223] 30 days
 Togo eVisa[224][225] 15 days
 Tonga Visa required[226]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa required[227]
 Tunisia Visa required[228]
 Turkey eVisa[229][230] 30 days
 Turkmenistan Visa required[231]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[232] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa[233][234] 3 months
 Ukraine Visa not required[235] 90 days
 United Arab Emirates Visa not required[236] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 United Kingdom Visa required[237]
 United States Visa required[238]
 Uruguay Visa not required[239] 90 days
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[240] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
 Vanuatu Visa required[241]
 Vatican City Visa required[242]
 Venezuela Visa required[243]
 Vietnam eVisa[244][245]
  • e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry.
 Yemen Visa required[246]
 Zambia eVisa[247][248] 90 days
 Zimbabwe Visa on arrival[249] 30 days
  • 30 days for visits on business, 3 months for tourists.

Recent changes

[edit]
  • On 2 May 2002, Brazil lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 28 June 2006, Ecuador lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 23 June 2008, Bolivia lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 1 August 2009, Belarus lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 17 November 2009, Russia lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 13 July 2010, Jamaica introduced a visa on arrival for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 16 October 2010, Haiti lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 12 December 2010, Dominica lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia
  • On 18 February 2011, Singapore introduced E-visa for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 27 February 2011, Micronesia lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 5 April 2011, Antigua and Berduda lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 10 May 2011, Moldova lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 12 July 2011, Ukraine lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 15 September 2011, Argentina lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 12 November 2012, Lebanon lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 3 July 2013, Georgia lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 18 September 2013, Namibia lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 20 December 2013, Saint Vincent and The Grenadines lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 9 July 2014, Uruguay lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 14 October 2014, Jordan lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 15 August 2015, India introduced e-Visa for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 7 October 2015, Indonesia lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 10 November 2015, Malaysia lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • In 2016, Iran lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On June 12, 2017, Ethiopia introduced e-Visa for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 23 June 2017, Qatar lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 14 August 2017, Bahamas lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 15 March 2017 the Ex-President of Armenia, Serzh Sargsyan announced that Armenia will launch talks with the European Union over establishing visa-free travel for Armenian citizens into the EU's Schengen Area soon.[250]
  • On 23 March 2017 The United Arab Emirates and Armenia agreed on exempting citizens of both countries from visas, as they will be given visas on arrival at the airport.[251]
  • On 20 April 2017, Montenegro lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 16 March 2018, Albania lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 1 May 2018 the newly appointed Prime Minister of Armenia, Nikol Pashinyan announced that Armenian citizens would be able to travel within the EU's Schengen Area visa-free in the nearest future.[citation needed]
  • On 24 August 2018 the Chancellor of Germany, Angela Merkel during her meeting with the Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan said "Georgian and Ukrainian citizens don't need visa to enter the European Union, and we will do everything possible to reach visa liberalisation with Armenia as well."[citation needed]
  • On 25 April 2019, Tanzania introduced E-visa for the citizens for Armenia.
  • On 2 August 2019, Madagascar introduced a visa on arrival for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 1 March 2020, Serbia lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 20 July 2020, China lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 13 September 2020, South Sudan introduced E-visa for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 20 January 2021, Oman lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.
  • On 21 October 2021, Dominica lifted visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.[252]
  • On 26 January 2023, the United Arab Emirates announced plans to lift visa requirements for the citizens of Armenia.[253]
  • On 8 September 2023, the United Arab Emirates and Armenia announced their mutual visa regimes had been lifted.[254]

Artsakh

[edit]
See also: Visa policy of Artsakh

Non-visa restrictions

[edit]
This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

[edit]

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[255] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

[edit]
Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[256] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[257]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[258][259]

Passport validity length

[edit]

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[260][261] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[262]

Some countries, such as Japan,[263] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[264] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[265] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[266] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[267] Philippines,[268] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[269]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[270] and South Africa.

Criminal record

[edit]

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[271] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

[edit]

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[272]

Israeli stamps

[edit]
Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[273] Lebanon,[274] Libya,[275] Syria,[276] and Yemen[277] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

[edit]
See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[278]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[279][280] Argentina,[281] Brunei, Cambodia,[282] China,[283] Ethiopia,[284] Ghana, Guinea,[285] India, Japan,[286][287] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[288] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[289] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[290] Singapore, South Korea,[291] Taiwan, Thailand,[292] Uganda,[293] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[294][295][296] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[297]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[298] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[299][300]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Global Passport Ranking".
  2. ^ "Commission launches a dialogue on visa liberalisation with Armenia".
  3. ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
  4. ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  5. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  6. ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  7. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  11. ^ "Australia Subclass 600".
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  15. ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
  16. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  24. ^ "Bhutan eVisa".
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  33. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  34. ^ "Burkina Faso eVisa".
  35. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  36. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  37. ^ "Cambodia eVisa".
  38. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  39. ^ "Cameroon eVisa".
  40. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  41. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  44. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  49. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  50. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  51. ^ "DR Congo eVisa".
  52. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  53. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  54. ^ "CI eVisa".
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  58. ^ List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
  59. ^ Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
  60. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  61. ^ "Djibouti eVisa".
  62. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  63. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  64. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  65. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  66. ^ "Egypt eVisa".
  67. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  68. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  69. ^ "Equatorial Guinea eVisa".
  70. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  71. ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
  72. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  73. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  74. ^ "Ethiopia eVisa".
  75. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  76. ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
  77. ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
  78. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  79. ^ "Gabon eVisa".
  80. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  81. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  82. ^ "The agreement on simplified border crossing with Armenia comes into effect in Georgia".
  83. ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
  84. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  85. ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
  86. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  87. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  88. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  89. ^ "Guinea eVisa".
  90. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  91. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  92. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  93. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  94. ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
  95. ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
  96. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  97. ^ e-Visa
  98. ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
  99. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  100. ^ "Indonesia e-VOA".
  101. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  102. ^ Iraq eVisa portal
  103. ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
  104. ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
  105. ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
  106. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  107. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  108. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  109. ^ "Jordan E-Services".
  110. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  111. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  112. ^ "Kenya eTA".
  113. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  114. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  115. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  116. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  117. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  118. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  119. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  120. ^ a b "Checkpoints – ກົມຕຳຫຼວດກວດຄົນເຂົ້າ-ອອກເມືອງ". immigration.gov.la. Department of Immigration of Lao PDR. Retrieved 2023-04-29.
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  122. ^ "Laos International Travel Information". travel.state.gov. U.S. Department of State – Bureau of Consular Affairs. Retrieved 2023-04-29.
  123. ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
  124. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  125. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  126. ^ "Lesotho eVisa".
  127. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  128. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  129. ^ "Libya eVisa".
  130. ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
  131. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
  132. ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
  133. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  134. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  135. ^ "Malawi eVisa".
  136. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  137. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  138. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  139. ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
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  141. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  142. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  143. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  144. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  145. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  146. ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
  147. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  148. ^ "Mongolia eVisa".
  149. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  150. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  151. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  152. ^ "Mozambique eVisa".
  153. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  154. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  155. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  156. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  157. ^ "Nepal Online Visa".
  158. ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
  159. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  160. ^ "A2.15 Unacceptable travel documents". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. 8 April 2013.
  161. ^ "Information about: Australian Resident Visa". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved May 21, 2020. Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
  162. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  163. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  164. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  165. ^ "Nigeria Immigration Services".
  166. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  167. ^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
  168. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  169. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  170. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  171. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  172. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  173. ^ "PNG eVisa".
  174. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  175. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  176. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  177. ^ Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
  178. ^ Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
  179. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  180. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
  181. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  182. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  183. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  184. ^ "ST.KittsNevis eVisa".
  185. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  186. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  187. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  188. ^ Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
  189. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  190. ^ "ST eVisa".
  191. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  192. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  193. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  194. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  195. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  196. ^ "Sierra Leone eVisa".
  197. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  198. ^ "Singapore E-Services".
  199. ^ Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
  200. ^ Visa regimes and visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
  201. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  202. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  203. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  204. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  205. ^ "South Sudan eVisa".
  206. ^ Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
  207. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  208. ^ "SL eVisa".
  209. ^ "Information".
  210. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  211. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  212. ^ "Suriname eVisa".
  213. ^ "Entry-fee".
  214. ^ "Suriname eVisa | VFS Global | Official partner of the Government of Suriname".
  215. ^ List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden, Government of Sweden.
  216. ^ Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
  217. ^ eVisa Syria
  218. ^ Visa, Bureau of Consular Affairs of Taiwan.
  219. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  220. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  221. ^ "Tanzania eVisa".
  222. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  223. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  224. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  225. ^ "Togo eVisa".
  226. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  227. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  228. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  229. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  230. ^ "Türkiye eVisa".
  231. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  232. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  233. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  234. ^ "Uganda eVisa".
  235. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  236. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  237. ^ UK visa requirements: list for carriers, Government of the United Kingdom, 2 October 2017.
  238. ^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
  239. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  240. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  241. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  242. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  243. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  244. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  245. ^ "Vietnam eVisa".
  246. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  247. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  248. ^ "Zambia eVisa".
  249. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  250. ^ "By holding talks with EU we don't harm anyone - Serzh Sargsyan". 2017-03-15.
  251. ^ "UAE and Armenia citizens exempted from entry visas". 2017-03-15.
  252. ^ "Armenia, Commonwealth of Dominica to sign visa waiver". 21 October 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  253. ^ "ՀՀ քաղաքացիները կկարողանան Արաբական Միացյալ Էմիրություններ այցելել առանց մուտքի արտոնագրի" (in Armenian). 26 January 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  254. ^ "Armenia, UAE abolish visa regime".
  255. ^ Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
  256. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
  257. ^ "Fièvre jaune" (in French). September 2, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  258. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
  259. ^ Country list - Yellow fever vaccination requirements and recommendations; and malaria situation; and other vaccination requirement
  260. ^ "Foreign Affairs Manual, 9 FAM 403.9-3(B)(2) f". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  261. ^ "Visitor Visa". travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
  262. ^ "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
  263. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
  264. ^ "Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021. You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
  265. ^ Bahrain government website
  266. ^ "Passports and Visa | GoIsrael - the Official Website of Tourism to Israel".
  267. ^ "Government Of Peru Requires Six-Month Validity On Passports To Enter Peru". Traveling & Living in Peru. 2 January 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  268. ^ "Bureau of Immigration of the Republic of the Philippines". Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  269. ^ Timatic
  270. ^ "Maldives Reduces Passport Validity Requirement of Minimum 6 Months to Just 1 Month". Corporate Maldives. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  271. ^ Government of Canada -- Overcome criminal convictions
  272. ^ "No entry for Modi into US: visa denied | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Mar 18, 2005. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
  273. ^ "Travel Report - Kuwait". Voyage.gc.ca. 2012-11-16. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  274. ^ Travel Advice for Lebanon - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-24 at the Wayback Machine and Lebanese Ministry of Tourism Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
  275. ^ "Travel Advice for Libya - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2013-06-22. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  276. ^ Travel Advice for Syria - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-19 at the Wayback Machine and Syrian Ministry of Tourism
  277. ^ "Travel Advice for Yemen - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2011-08-20. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  278. ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
  279. ^ "How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports". Countryreports.org.
  280. ^ Nordland, Rod (19 November 2011). "In Afghanistan, Big Plans to Gather Biometric Data". The New York Times.
  281. ^ "Argentina strengthens migratory control". Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
  282. ^ "Cambodia Foreign Entry Requirements". Us-passport-information.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  283. ^ "China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 Jan 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
  284. ^ "Äthiopien: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise". Auswaertiges-amt.de.
  285. ^ "Visa". paf.gov.gn.
  286. ^ "Japan fingerprints foreigners as anti-terror move". Reuters. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  287. ^ "Anger as Japan moves to fingerprint foreigners - World". Theage.com.au. 2007-10-26.
  288. ^ "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019. Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
  289. ^ "Malaysia". CountryReports. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  290. ^ "Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews". secureidnews.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  291. ^ "S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors - People's Daily Online". peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  292. ^ "National News Bureau of Thailand".
  293. ^ AfricaNews (2019-01-14). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  294. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  295. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  296. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  297. ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  298. ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  299. ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  300. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^
  2. ^
  3. ^
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Lantui - Baka (China)
    • Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    • Lalai (Vietnam)
    • Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    • Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • Savannakhet Airport
  4. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Bokeo
  5. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammouane
    • Bokeo
  6. ^
    • Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
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