2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama

From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama
← 2014 December 12, 2017 (2017-12-12) 2020 →
Turnout40.5%[1] Increase
 
Nominee Doug Jones Roy Moore
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 673,896 651,972
Percentage 49.97% 48.34%
Jones:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Moore:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Tie:      40–50%      50%      No data
U.S. senator before election

Luther Strange[a]
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Doug Jones
Democratic

Elections in Alabama
Federal government
Presidential elections
Presidential primaries
Democratic
2000
2004
2008
2016
2020
2024
Republican
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
U.S. Senate elections
U.S. House of Representatives elections
State government
State elections
Gubernatorial elections
Lieutenant gubernatorial elections
Attorney General elections
State Treasurer elections
Senate elections
House of Representatives elections
Ballot measures
2000
Amendment 2
2006
Amendment 774
2020
Amendment 1
Auburn
Municipal
Birmingham
Mayoral elections
Huntsville
Mayoral elections
Mobile
Mayoral elections
Montgomery
Mayoral elections
Government

The 2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama took place on December 12, 2017, in order for the winner to serve the remainder of the U.S. Senate term ending on January 3, 2021. A vacancy arose from Senator Jeff Sessions's February 8, 2017, resignation from the Senate. Sessions resigned his post to serve as the 84th U.S. attorney general. On February 9, 2017, Governor Robert J. Bentley appointed Luther Strange, the attorney general of Alabama, to fill the vacancy until a special election could take place. The special election was scheduled for December 12, 2017.[2]

Doug Jones, a former U.S. attorney for the Northern District of Alabama, won the Democratic primary election. Roy Moore, a former chief justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama, competed with Strange and U.S. Representative Mo Brooks in the August 15, 2017, Republican primary; the two highest vote-getters, Moore and Strange, advanced to a runoff.[3] President Donald Trump supported Strange during the primary runoff, as did much of the Republican establishment in the Senate.[4][5] Moore won the primary runoff on September 26, 2017.[6][7]

Following the primaries, Moore was expected to easily win the general election. Polling showed him with a clear lead, and Alabama is known for its overwhelming support for Republicans. The race was upended in mid-November 2017, when multiple women alleged that Moore had made unwanted advances or sexually assaulted them when he was in his early thirties and they were in their teens (the youngest was 14 at the time), attracting widespread national media coverage of the election.[8][9] As a result of these allegations, many national Republican leaders and office holders called for Moore to withdraw from the special election, rescinded their endorsements of him, and stopped funding his campaign.[10][11][12] Trump and many Alabama Republicans reaffirmed their support.[13] At the time of the revelations, it was too late to remove his name from the ballot.

On December 12, 2017, the Associated Press called the election for Jones; however, Moore refused to concede.[14][15] Jones’ victory was widely labeled a major upset. He was sworn into office on January 3, 2018, becoming the first Democratic U.S. senator from Alabama since Howell Heflin left office in 1997.[16] This is the only time Democrats won a statewide election in Alabama since 2008, when Lucy Baxley was elected President of the Alabama Public Service Commission.

Background[edit]

Potential appointees[edit]

Following then-President-elect Donald Trump's nomination of then-Senator Sessions to be U.S. attorney general, Robert Aderholt, a member of the United States House of Representatives, had asked to be appointed to the seat.[17] Representative Mo Brooks had also expressed interest in the seat, while Strange had stated before being selected that he would run for the seat in the special election whether or not he was appointed.[18][19] Other candidates Governor Bentley interviewed for the Senate appointment included Moore; Del Marsh, the president pro tempore of the Alabama Senate; and Jim Byard, the director of the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs.[20]

A vacancy arose from Senator Jeff Sessions' February 8, 2017 resignation to serve as the 84th U.S. attorney general. On February 9, 2017, Governor Robert J. Bentley appointed State Attorney General Luther Strange to fill the vacancy until a special election could take place. Bentley controversially scheduled the special election to occur in 2018 instead of sooner.[21][22] When Kay Ivey succeeded Bentley as Alabama's Governor, she rescheduled the special election for December 12, 2017, a move she said was made to adhere with state law.[23]

Republican primary[edit]

Campaign[edit]

The Republican primary attracted national attention, especially following Trump's endorsement of incumbent Senator Luther Strange. Strange was backed by several key figures within the Republican establishment, most notably Mitch McConnell, the Senate Majority Leader. His two main rivals in the primary were former state judge Roy Moore and Congressman Mo Brooks. While Strange was expected to advance through the first round of the primary, almost every opinion poll showed him trailing Roy Moore in a potential runoff. Strange placed second behind Roy Moore, securing a spot in the runoff.[24]

Candidates[edit]

Nominated[edit]

Eliminated in runoff[edit]

Eliminated in primary[edit]

Withdrew[edit]

Declined[edit]

Endorsements[edit]

Roy Moore
Executive Branch officials
U.S. senators
U.S. representatives
Statewide officials
State senators
State Representatives
Local officials
Organizations
Individuals
Luther Strange
Executive Branch officials
U.S. senators
State representatives
Organizations
Mo Brooks
U.S. representatives
State representatives
  • Ed Henry, state representative and chairman of Donald Trump's Alabama campaign[98]
Organizations
Individuals

First round[edit]

Polling[edit]

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin
of error 		James
Beretta 		Joseph
Breault 		Randy
Brinson 		Mo
Brooks 		Mary
Maxwell 		Roy
Moore 		Bryan
Peeples 		Trip
Pittman 		Luther
Strange 		Undecided
Trafalgar Group (R) August 12–13, 2017 870 ± 3.3% 1% 1% 6% 17% 1% 38% 1% 6% 24% 5%
Emerson College Archived December 28, 2017, at the Wayback Machine August 10–12, 2017 373 ± 5.0% 1% 0% 0% 15% 0% 29% 0% 10% 32% 11%
Trafalgar Group (R) August 8–10, 2017 1,439 ± 2.6% 1% 1% 4% 20% 2% 35% 1% 6% 23% 8%
Cygnal (R) August 8–9, 2017 502 ± 4.4% – – 2% 18% – 31% – 7% 23% 13%
Strategy Research August 7, 2017 2,000 ± 2.0% 1% 1% 1% 19% 4% 35% 1% 9% 29% 0%
JMC Analytics (R) August 5–6, 2017 500 ± 4.4% – – 2% 19% – 30% – 6% 22% 17%
RRH Elections (R) July 31 – August 3, 2017 426 ± 5.0% – – 2% 18% – 31% – 8% 29% 11%
Strategy Research July 24, 2017 3,000 ± 2.0% 1% 1% 2% 16% 5% 33% 2% 5% 35% –
Cygnal (R)[permanent dead link] July 20–21, 2017 500 ± 2.0% – – – 16% – 26% – – 33% –

Results[edit]

Primary results by county
  Moore
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  Strange
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  Brooks
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
Republican primary results, August 15, 2017[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Roy Moore 164,524 38.9%
Republican Luther Strange (incumbent) 138,971 32.8%
Republican Mo Brooks 83,287 19.7%
Republican Trip Pittman 29,124 6.9%
Republican Randy Brinson 2,978 0.6%
Republican Bryan Peeples 1,579 0.4%
Republican Mary Maxwell 1,543 0.4%
Republican James Beretta 1,078 0.3%
Republican Dom Gentile 303 0.1%
Republican Joseph Breault 252 0.1%
Total votes 423,282 100.0%

Runoff[edit]

President Donald Trump supported Strange during the primary runoff, in addition to much of the Republican establishment in the Senate, including Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, who made the success of Strange's candidacy a major priority.[108][5] Trump's efforts on behalf of Strange included tweeting and a rally in Huntsville, Alabama. Vice President Mike Pence campaigned for Strange as well.[109][6] With McConnell's help, Strange outspent Moore by a margin of 10-to-1.[109][110]

National interest in the race dramatically increased in the month before the runoff. Strange maintained his endorsement from Trump, who campaigned for him in Huntsville during the closing days of the campaign.[111] Trump's endorsement of Strange sparked criticism among his own base, many of whom preferred Moore and detested Strange for being seemingly too friendly with the GOP establishment. Several notable figures close to Trump broke from the president to endorse Moore, including HUD Secretary Ben Carson and Breitbart Executive Chairman Steve Bannon. Despite Trump’s endorsement, Strange was defeated by Roy Moore in the runoff,[112] 54.6%-45.4%.[113]

Moore won the primary runoff on September 26, 2017.[6][114] This was the first time that an incumbent U.S. senator having active White House support lost a primary since Arlen Specter lost to Joe Sestak in 2010.[115]

Debates[edit]

Averages[edit]

Model Moore Strange Spread
RealClearPolitics[116] 52.5% 41.5% Moore +11.0

Polling[edit]

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin
of error 		Roy
Moore 		Luther
Strange 		Undecided
Cygnal (R) September 23–24, 2017 996 ± 3.1% 52% 41% 7%
Trafalgar Group (R) September 23–24, 2017 1,073 ± 3.0% 57% 41% 2%
Optimus (R) September 22–23, 2017 1,045 ± 2.9% 55% 45% –
Emerson College September 21–23, 2017 367 ± 5.1% 50% 40% 10%
Gravis Marketing September 21–22, 2017 559 ± 4.1% 48% 40% 12%
Strategy Research Archived September 22, 2017, at the Wayback Machine September 20, 2017 2,000 ± 3.0% 54% 46% –
Strategy Research September 18, 2017 2,930 ± 3.0% 53% 47% –
JMC Analytics (R) September 16–17, 2017 500 ± 4.4% 47% 39% 14%
Voter Consumer Research (R-SLF) September 9–10, 2017 604 ± 4.0% 41% 40% 19%
Emerson College September 8–9, 2017 355 ± 5.2% 40% 26% 34%
Strategic National September 6–7, 2017 800 ± 3.5% 51% 35% 14%
Southeast Research August 29–31, 2017 401 ± 5.0% 52% 36% 12%
Harper Polling Archived August 30, 2017, at the Wayback Machine August 24–26, 2017 600 ± 4.0% 47% 45% 8%
Voter Consumer Research (R-SLF) August 21–23, 2017 601 ± 4.0% 45% 41% 14%
Opinion Savvy August 22, 2017 494 ± 4.4% 50% 32% 18%
JMC Analytics (R) August 17–19, 2017 515 ± 4.3% 51% 32% 17%
Cygnal (R) August 8–9, 2017 502 ± 4.4% 45% 34% 11%
RRH Elections (R) July 31 – August 3, 2017 426 ± 5.0% 34% 32% 34%
Hypothetical polling
Poll source Date(s)

administered

Sample
size 		Margin
of error 		Roy
Moore 		Mo
Brooks 		Undecided
RRH Elections (R) July 31 – August 3, 2017 426 ± 5.0% 43% 20% 37%

Results[edit]

Primary runoff results by county
  Moore
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  •   70–80%
  Strange
  •   50–60%
Republican primary runoff results, September 26, 2017[113]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Roy Moore 262,204 54.6%
Republican Luther Strange (incumbent) 218,066 45.4%
Total votes 480,270 100.0%

Democratic primary[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Nominated[edit]

Eliminated in primary[edit]

Withdrew[edit]

  • Ron Crumpton, activist, nominee for the state senate in 2014 and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2016[124][53]
  • Brian McGee, retired teacher and Vietnam War veteran[27][125][126]

Declined[edit]

Endorsements[edit]

Doug Jones
Executive Branch officials
U.S. senators
U.S. representatives
State legislators
Local officials
Newspapers
Organizations
Individuals
Robert Kennedy Jr.
Individual
  • Carl Lewis, Olympic gold medalist and University of Houston track and field head coach[148]

Polling[edit]

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin
of error 		Will
Boyd 		Vann
Caldwell 		Jason
Fisher 		Michael
Hansen 		Doug
Jones 		Robert
Kennedy Jr. 		Charles
Nana 		Undecided
Emerson College Archived December 28, 2017, at the Wayback Machine August 10–12, 2017 164 ± 7.6% 8% 2% 1% 0% 40% 23% 1% 25%
Strategy Research August 7, 2017 2,000 ± 2.0% 9% 5% 3% 7% 30% 40% 5% –
Strategy Research July 24, 2017 3,000 ± 2.0% 6% 4% 4% 4% 28% 49% 5% –

Results[edit]

Primary results by county
  Jones
  •   ≥90%
  •   80–90%
  •   70–80%
  •   60–70%
  •   50–60%
  •   40–50%
  Boyd
  •   Boyd—30–40%
Democratic primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Doug Jones 109,105 66.1%
Democratic Robert Kennedy Jr. 29,215 17.7%
Democratic Michael Hansen 11,105 6.7%
Democratic Will Boyd 8,010 4.9%
Democratic Jason Fisher 3,478 2.1%
Democratic Brian McGee 1,450 0.9%
Democratic Charles Nana 1,404 0.9%
Democratic Vann Caldwell 1,239 0.8%
Total votes 165,006 100.0%

Independents and write-in candidates[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Declared[edit]

  • Ron Bishop (L, write-in)[149]
  • Lee Busby (R, write-in), retired Marine colonel[150]
  • Jeff "Cog" Coggin (I, write-in), Air Force veteran[151]
  • Chanda Mills Crutcher (I, write-in), minister[152]
  • Eulas Kirtdoll (I, write-in)[153]
  • Arlester "Mack" McBride (I, write-in)[154]
  • Mac Watson (R, write-in)[155]

Declined[edit]

General election[edit]

Controversies[edit]

Roy Moore sexual misconduct allegations[edit]

Main article: Roy Moore sexual misconduct allegations

On November 9, The Washington Post reported that four women had accused Roy Moore of engaging in sexual conduct with them when they were teenagers and he was an assistant district attorney in his thirties. One of the women was 14 years old at the time, below the legal age of consent.[8] A few days later a fifth woman said that she had received unwanted attention from Moore when she was 15 years old, and that in December 1977 or January 1978,[156] when she was 16, Moore sexually assaulted her.[9][157] Moore denied the allegations.

After this, certain Republican leaders and conservative organizations withdrew their endorsements of Moore or asked him to drop out of the campaign. These included Texas Senator Ted Cruz, U.S. Attorney General and former seat holder Jeff Sessions, Ivanka Trump,[158] the National Republican Senatorial Committee,[159] former Republican presidential nominees Mitt Romney[160] and John McCain,[161] Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell,[162] Ohio Governor John Kasich,[163] Utah Senator Mike Lee,[164] Montana Senator Steve Daines,[165] and House Representatives Barbara Comstock, Carlos Curbelo, and Adam Kinzinger, as well as the Young Republican Federation of Alabama.[166][167][168][169][170] The state’s senior Senator Richard Shelby also refused to endorse Moore. Other conservative websites and organizations such as National Review urged readers not to vote for Moore.[171][172] Despite this, Moore continued to receive support from the state party and a week before the election, President Donald Trump strongly endorsed Moore.[173] Following Trump's endorsement, the RNC reinstated their support for him,[174] and Republican leaders said they would "let the people of Alabama decide" whether to elect Moore.[175]

At the time of the revelations, it was too close to the election for Moore's name to be removed from the ballot, as Alabama law forbids any change to names on the ballot within 76 days of any primary or general election.[176] Republican officials proposed various ways to promote an alternate Republican candidate. One suggestion was to ask Governor Kay Ivey to delay the special election until 2018,[177] but Ivey said she had no plans to change the election date.[178] Some Republicans such as Senator Lisa Murkowski floated the prospect of a write-in campaign to elect Luther Strange, with Utah Senator Orrin Hatch actively endorsing a write-in campaign for Strange.[179] However, Strange said it was "highly unlikely" that he would run a write-in campaign.[180] Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell proposed Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who formerly held the Senate seat, as a write-in candidate.[181] In late November, Retired Marine Col. Lee Busby launched a write-in campaign, stating that he thought there was room for a centrist in the race.[182]

Debates[edit]

Republican nominee Roy Moore refused to debate Democratic nominee Doug Jones.[183][184][185] Moore turned down debate invitations extended by the League of Women Voters,[184] WHNT-TV and AL.com.[185][183] Jones' campaign said that Jones was "willing to debate Roy Moore anytime, anywhere" and accused Moore of "hiding from the voters, from the media and from his record for weeks."[185][183] Moore and his campaign stated that he refused to debate Jones because their policy positions were already clear to voters and thus there was no need for a formal debate.[185][183]

Predictions[edit]

Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[186] Tossup December 7, 2017
Sabato's Crystal Ball[187] Tossup December 7, 2017
Rothenberg Political Report[188] Tossup December 7, 2017

Candidates[edit]

On ballot[edit]

Write-in[edit]

Endorsements[edit]

Doug Jones (D)
Executive Branch officials
U.S. senators
U.S. representatives
Statewide officials
State legislators
Local officials
Individuals
Newspapers
Organizations
Roy Moore (R)
U.S. Executive Branch officials
U.S. Senators
U.S. Representatives
Statewide office holders
State Senators
State Representatives
Sheriffs
Political commentators
Religious leaders
White nationalists
Other individuals
Organizations

Polling[edit]

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin
of error 		Roy
Moore (R) 		Doug
Jones (D) 		Lee
Busby (R)
write-in 		Other Undecided
Change Research December 9–11, 2017 1,543 ± 2.0% 51% 45% – – 4%
SurveyMonkey November 30 – December 11, 2017 2,203 ± 4.5% 47% 49% – – 4%
Fox News Archived December 11, 2017, at the Wayback Machine December 7–10, 2017 1,127 ± 3.0% 40% 50% – 2% 8%
Emerson College December 7–9, 2017 600 ± 3.9% 53% 44% – 4% –
Monmouth University December 6–9, 2017 546 ± 4.2% 46% 46% – 2% 6%
Public Policy Polling (D)* December 7–8, 2017 1,092 ± 3.8% 46% 48% – – 6%
Gravis Marketing December 5–8, 2017 1,254 ± 2.8% 49% 45% – – 6%
Trafalgar Group (R) December 6–7, 2017 1,419 ± 3.1% 51% 46% – 3% –
Change Research December 5–7, 2017 2,443 ± 2.0% 51% 44% – – 5%
SurveyMonkey November 30 – December 7, 2017 1,559 ± 5.5% 47% 49% – – 4%
Strategy Research December 4, 2017 3,200 ± 2.0% 50% 43% – 3% 4%
Gravis Marketing December 1–3, 2017 1,276 ± 2.7% 44% 48% – – 8%
Emerson College November 30 – December 2, 2017 500 ± 4.3% 49% 46% 5% – –
YouGov November 28 – December 1, 2017 1,067 ± 3.8% 49% 43% – 4% 4%
Washington Post/Schar School November 27–30, 2017 739 ± 4.5% 47% 50% – 3% –
JMC Analytics (R) November 27–28, 2017 650 ± 3.8% 49% 44% – 5%[356] 2%
National Research Inc (R) November 26–28, 2017 600 ± 4.0% 46% 45% – – 9%
Change Research November 26–27, 2017 1,868 ± 2.3% 49% 44% – – 7%
Emerson College November 25–27, 2017 500 ± 4.3% 53% 47% – – –
Strategy Research November 20, 2017 3,000 ± 2.0% 47% 45% – 3% 5%
WT&S Consulting (R) November 18–20, 2017 11,641 ± 1.2% 46% 40% – – 13%
Change Research November 15–16, 2017 2,090 – 43% 46% – – 11%
National Research Inc November 13–16, 2017 600 ± 4.0% 41% 49% – – 10%
Gravis Marketing November 14–15, 2017 628 ± 3.5% 42% 47% – – 11%
Fox News November 13–15, 2017 649 ± 3.5% 42% 50% – 2% 7%
Strategy Research Archived November 15, 2017, at the Wayback Machine November 13, 2017 3,000 ± 2.0% 49% 43% – – 8%
NRSC (R) November 12–13, 2017 500 – 39% 51% – – 10%
WT&S Consulting (R) November 11, 2017 1,536 ± 3.3% 50% 40% – – 11%
Emerson College November 9–11, 2017 600 ± 3.9% 55% 45% – – –
JMC Analytics (R) November 9–11, 2017 575 ± 4.1% 44% 48% – 2%[357] 6%
Change Research November 9–11, 2017 1,855 – 44% 40% – 3% 13%
Gravis Marketing November 10, 2017 478 ± 4.5% 48% 46% – – 6%
WT&S Consulting (R) November 9, 2017 1,354 ± 3.5% 50% 39% – – 11%
Opinion Savvy November 9, 2017 515 ± 4.3% 46% 46% – 4% 4%
NRSC (R) November 6–7, 2017 – – 51% 42% – – 8%
Strategy Research November 6, 2017 2,200 ± 2.0% 51% 40% – – 9%
Axis Research (R-SLF) October 24–26, 2017 503 ± 4.5% 56% 39% – – 5%
Strategy Research Archived October 24, 2017, at the Wayback Machine October 19, 2017 3,000 ± 3.0% 52% 41% – – 7%
Strategy Research Archived October 19, 2017, at the Wayback Machine October 16, 2017 3,000 ± 2.5% 51% 40% – – 9%
Fox News October 14–16, 2017 801 ± 3.5% 42% 42% – 3% 11%
NRSC (R) October 3–5, 2017 – – 53% 37% – – 10%
Cygnal (R) October 2–5, 2017 497 ± 4.4% 49% 41% – – 9%
JMC Analytics (R) September 30 – October 1, 2017 500 ± 4.4% 48% 40% – 1%[358] 11%
Opinion Savvy September 27–28, 2017 590 ± 4.0% 50% 45% – – 5%
Emerson College September 21–23, 2017 519 ± 4.3% 52% 30% – – 18%
Emerson College September 8–9, 2017 416 ± 4.8% 44% 40% – – 16%

* Unpublished poll released on December 15

Hypothetical polling
with Roy Moore on ballot and Luther Strange as write-in candidate
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin
of error 		Roy
Moore (R) 		Doug
Jones (D) 		Luther
Strange (R) 		Other Undecided
Opinion Savvy[359] November 9, 2017 515 ± 4.3% 41% 44% 12% 1% 2%
with Luther Strange on ballot
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin
of error 		Luther
Strange (R) 		Doug
Jones (D) 		Other Undecided
Fox News[360] November 13–15, 2017 649 LV ± 3.5% 38% 48% 3% 5%
823 RV ± 3.0% 39% 46% 3% 6%
Emerson College[361] September 21–23, 2017 519 ± 4.3% 49% 36% – 15%
Emerson College[362] September 8–9, 2017 416 ± 4.8% 43% 40% – 17%
with generic Republican/Democrat
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin
of error 		Generic
Republican 		Generic
Democrat 		Undecided
Washington Post/Schar School[363] November 27–30, 2017 739 ± 4.5% 50% 44% 6%
JMC Analytics (R)[364] November 27–28, 2017 650 ± 3.8% 49% 46% 3%
JMC Analytics (R)[365] November 9–11, 2017 575 ± 4.1% 45% 47% 8%
JMC Analytics (R)[366] September 30 – October 1, 2017 500 ± 4.4% 49% 45% 6%

Results[edit]

Turnout map by county
  25–30%
  30–35%
  35–40%
  40–45%
  45–50%
  50–55%

At 9:23 p.m. CST on December 12, 2017, the Associated Press called the election for Jones; however, Moore refused to concede.[367][368] Jones was the first Democratic candidate to win a statewide election in Alabama since former lieutenant governor Lucy Baxley was elected president of the Alabama Public Service Commission in 2008.[369] Jones was sworn into office on January 3, 2018, becoming the first Democratic U.S. senator from Alabama since Howell Heflin left office in 1997.[16]

United States Senate special election in Alabama, 2017[370][371]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Doug Jones 673,896 49.97% +49.97%
Republican Roy Moore 651,972 48.34% −48.91%
Write-in 22,852 1.69% −1.06%
Total votes 1,348,720 100.00% N/A
Democratic gain from Republican

By congressional district[edit]

Despite his statewide win, Jones only won one district.[372]

District Moore Jones Representative
1st 51% 47% Bradley Byrne
2nd 55% 44% Martha Roby
3rd 51% 48% Mike Rogers
4th 68% 31% Robert Aderholt
5th 49% 49% Mo Brooks
6th 51% 47% Gary Palmer
7th 21% 78% Terri Sewell

Results by county[edit]

Doug Jones Roy Moore Write-ins Total votes
County Votes % Votes % Votes % Turnout %
Autauga 5,615 38.38% 8,762 59.90% 253 1.73% 14,630 38.32%
Baldwin 22,261 35.60% 38,566 61.68% 1,703 2.72% 62,530 42.74%
Barbour 3,716 57.53% 2,702 41.83% 41 0.63% 6,459 38.35%
Bibb 1,567 29.95% 3,599 68.79% 66 1.26% 5,232 38.32%
Blount 2,408 16.94% 11,631 81.80% 180 1.27% 14,219 37.45%
Bullock 2,715 80.37% 656 19.42% 7 0.21% 3,378 45.53%
Butler 2,915 51.02% 2,758 48.27% 41 0.72% 5,714 42.36%
Calhoun 12,331 44.04% 15,238 54.43% 429 1.53% 27,998 36.18%
Chambers 4,257 55.75% 3,312 43.37% 67 0.88% 7,636 32.42%
Cherokee 1,529 27.09% 4,006 70.98% 109 1.93% 5,644 33.00%
Chilton 2,306 23.06% 7,563 75.62% 132 1.32% 10,001 35.42%
Choctaw 2,277 53.66% 1,949 45.93% 17 0.40% 4,243 40.10%
Clarke 4,363 51.93% 3,995 47.55% 43 0.51% 8,401 43.96%
Clay 990 27.52% 2,589 71.96% 19 0.53% 3,598 36.92%
Cleburne 600 19.37% 2,468 79.66% 30 0.97% 3,098 29.47%
Coffee 3,730 31.10% 8,063 67.22% 202 1.68% 11,995 36.52%
Colbert 6,881 46.41% 7,771 52.41% 171 1.15% 14,828 37.75%
Conecuh 2,259 55.21% 1,815 44.35% 18 0.44% 4,092 39.84%
Coosa 1,415 42.71% 1,867 56.39% 30 0.91% 3,312 41.42%
Covington 2,107 23.33% 6,835 75.69% 88 0.97% 9,030 35.09%
Crenshaw 1,320 35.46% 2,347 63.04% 56 1.50% 3,725 37.66%
Cullman 4,161 19.73% 16,609 78.74% 324 1.54% 21,094 37.61%
Dale 3,844 35.04% 6,991 63.72% 136 1.24% 10,971 34.87%
Dallas 10,503 74.75% 3,487 24.82% 60 0.43% 14,050 44.88%
DeKalb 3,559 25.62% 10,097 72.69% 234 1.68% 13,890 34.31%
Elmore 7,711 34.33% 14,415 64.16% 338 1.50% 22,464 41.34%
Escambia 3,642 41.78% 4,987 57.22% 87 1.00% 8,716 35.39%
Etowah 10,568 40.34% 15,730 60.04% 620 2.37% 26,918 38.57%
Fayette 1,143 24.39% 3,491 74.55% 50 1.07% 4,684 38.40%
Franklin 1,771 29.34% 4,216 69.86% 48 0.80% 6,035 33.50%
Geneva 1,290 18.92% 5,433 79.72% 93 1.37% 6,816 37.84%
Greene 3,345 87.64% 462 12.12% 9 0.24% 3,816 53.89%
Hale 3,902 69.33% 1,691 30.11% 32 0.57% 5,625 46.26%
Henry 1,899 38.32% 3,015 60.91% 38 0.77% 4,952 39.20%
Houston 9,198 37.81% 14,846 61.02% 285 1.17% 24,329 34.18%
Jackson 3,330 30.82% 7,317 67.75% 154 1.43% 10,801 29.44%
Jefferson 149,759 68.13% 66,350 30.18% 3,716 1.69% 219,825 47.38%
Lamar 779 21.31% 2,847 77.89% 29 0.79% 3,655 34.46%
Lauderdale 9,970 43.02% 12,818 55.31% 388 1.67% 23,176 37.53%
Lawrence 3,033 36.04% 5,321 63.23% 61 0.72% 8,415 35.49%
Lee 19,886 57.61% 14,059 40.73% 674 1.95% 34,519 32.90%
Limestone 9,606 39.19% 14,298 58.33% 515 2.10% 24,514 41.18%
Lowndes 3,783 79.08% 988 20.65% 13 0.27% 4,784 47.14%
Macon 5,783 88.14% 759 11.56% 20 0.30% 6,567 37.70%
Madison 65,997 56.98% 46,381 40.04% 3,447 2.98% 115,825 45.68%
Marengo 4,498 61.11% 2,805 38.11% 62 0.84% 7,361 46.01%
Marion 1,311 19.72% 5,269 79.25% 68 1.02% 6,647 32.82%
Marshall 5,145 26.47% 13,842 71.21% 450 2.32% 19,437 34.22%
Mobile 62,716 56.46% 46,828 42.15% 1,546 1.39% 111,090 38.55%
Monroe 3,266 49.59% 3,280 49.80% 40 0.61% 6,586 40.79%
Montgomery 48,374 72.35% 17,739 26.53% 745 1.11% 66,858 44.05%
Morgan 10,935 35.48% 19,215 62.34% 671 2.18% 30,821 40.28%
Perry 3,140 79.04% 821 20.68% 11 0.28% 3,972 48.70%
Pickens 3,064 50.44% 2,965 48.81% 46 0.76% 6,075 44.18%
Pike 4,015 48.51% 4,165 50.32% 97 1.17% 8,277 37.58%
Randolph 1,695 34.25% 3,231 65.29% 23 0.46% 4,949 29.66%
Russell 6,761 64.77% 3,622 34.70% 55 0.53% 10,438 28.52%
Shelby 27,311 41.71% 36,455 55.67% 1,718 2.62% 65,484 45.63%
St. Clair 6,212 27.43% 15,889 70.15% 459 2.03% 22,560 38.05%
Sumter 3,527 80.91% 814 18.67% 18 0.41% 4,359 43.95%
Talladega 9,977 50.13% 9,701 48.75% 223 1.12% 19,901 37.45%
Tallapoosa 4,605 38.59% 7,179 60.16% 150 1.26% 11,934 40.19%
Tuscaloosa 30,869 57.23% 22,067 40.91% 1,007 1.87% 53,943 40.83%
Walker 4,330 26.20% 11,938 72.23% 259 1.57% 16,527 35.19%
Washington 1,805 34.86% 3,325 64.21% 48 0.93% 5,178 39.78%
Wilcox 3,345 76.74% 1,000 22.94% 16 0.37% 4,359 46.94%
Winston 911 16.10% 4,681 82.71% 67 1.18% 5,659 35.80%
Totals 673,896 49.97% 651,972 48.34% 22,852 1.69% 1,348,720 100.00%

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic[edit]

Analysis[edit]

External videos
video icon Doug Jones election night remarks, December 12, 2017, C-SPAN
video icon Roy Moore election night remarks, December 12, 2017, C-SPAN
Jones on stage following his victory
Write-in votes by county:
  <1%
  >1%
  >2%
  >3%

Doug Jones defeated Roy Moore by a margin of 21,924 votes. Voter turnout was 40.54% of Alabama's 3,326,812[373] registered voters.

Jones won primarily by running up huge margins in the state's major cities. The state's four largest counties—Jefferson (home to the state's largest city of Birmingham), Mobile (home to Mobile), Madison (home to Huntsville), and Montgomery (home to the state capital of Montgomery)—all gave Jones 56 percent or more of the vote. He carried Jefferson by over 83,800 votes, and Montgomery by almost 30,500 votes; either county would have been more than enough to give him the victory. Jones also dominated the Black Belt. Jones took 61% of votes from voters under 45. He also took over 96 percent of the Black vote. While Moore dominated the state's rural areas outside of the Black Belt, he significantly underperformed Trump's totals in those areas, as well as the suburbs such as traditional GOP fortress Shelby County, which Moore won by a small margin.[374]

An envelope to a Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee fundraising mailer distributed in 2018 with a reference to Jones' victory in the traditionally strongly Republican state of Alabama

As of December 15, Moore demanded a recount and refused to concede the race, despite being urged by Trump, Bannon, and others to concede. In Alabama, if the final margin of victory is less than 0.5%, then a recount is automatically triggered. If not, then either candidate can request a recount at their own expense.[375][376] However, Alabama Secretary of State John Merrill estimated that a recount could cost anywhere from $1 million to $1.5 million, an amount that would have had to be paid in full when the request is made. Moore had only $636,046 on hand by the time the campaign ended.[377] A number of right-leaning websites pushed conspiracy theories about voter fraud providing the margin for Jones.[378] Merrill noted on December 20 that the only outstanding ballots were 366 military ballots and 4,967 provisional ballots; even if all those votes were for Moore, it would not have been enough to trigger an automatic recount.[379]

Because the number of write-in votes was larger than Jones' margin of victory, the names written in were both counted and listed.[380] Luther Strange, who lost the Republican primary to Moore, received the most write-in votes, followed by former White House aide Lee Busby, U.S. Rep. Mo Brooks, who also ran in the Republican Senate primary, Libertarian write-in candidate Ron Bishop, and Attorney General Jeff Sessions. Nick Saban, Alabama's head coach, finished in seventh with more than 250 votes.[381]

After the election, Moore filed a lawsuit attempting to block the state from certifying the election and calling for an investigation into voter fraud. On December 28, 2017, a judge dismissed this lawsuit and state officials certified the election results, officially declaring Doug Jones the winner.[382] Jones was sworn into office on January 3, 2018, by Vice President Mike Pence.[16] Jones became the first Democrat to win a statewide race in Alabama since former lieutenant governor Lucy Baxley was elected president of the Alabama Public Service Commission in 2008 over Republican Twinkle Andress Cavanaugh.[369] Prior to that, Democrat Jim Folsom Jr. was elected Lieutenant Governor of Alabama in 2006 over Republican Luther Strange.[383] The last Democrat to win a federal statewide election in Alabama was Richard Shelby in 1992, who switched to the Republican Party in late 1994.[384]

Voter demographics[edit]

Cnn Exit Poll
Demographic subgroup Jones Moore % of
Voters
Gender
Men 42 56 49
Women 57 41 51
Age
18–24 years old 59 40 8
25–29 years old 62 35 5
30–39 years old 66 32 12
40–49 years old 53 46 20
50–64 years old 46 53 32
65 and older 40 59 23
Race
White 30 68 66
Black 96 4 29
Race by gender
White men 26 72 35
White women 34 63 31
Black men 93 6 11
Black women 98 2 17
Education
High school or less 44 56 20
Some college education 46 50 36
College degree 52 46 28
Advanced degree 58 39 16
Party ID
Democrats 98 2 37
Republicans 8 91 43
Independents 51 43 21
Ideology
Liberals 86 14 23
Moderates 74 25 31
Conservatives 15 83 45
Children under 18 in your home?
Yes 56 42 35
No 49 50 65
Are sexual misconduct allegations against Moore:
Definitely True 97 2 26
Probably True 82 15 26
Probably False 3 95 27
Definitely False 7 93 15
When did you decide your vote?
Last few days 38 57 12
Earlier in December 47 50 9
In November 53 46 21
Before November 53 46 57
Area type
Urban 85 14 20
Suburban 47 51 38
Rural 36 62 42
Source: CNN[385]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ In February 2017, Strange was appointed by Governor Robert J. Bentley to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Jeff Sessions, who had appointed U.S. attorney general.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Unofficial Election Night Result". Alabama Secretary of State. Retrieved December 25, 2017.
  2. ^ "Governor Ivey Moves US Senate Special Election to Adhere with State Law" (Press release). Office of the Governor of Alabama. April 18, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
  3. ^ a b c Bloch, Matthew; Lee, Jasmine (August 15, 2017). "Alabama Election Results: Two Republicans Advance, Democrat Wins in U.S. Senate Primaries". The New York Times. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
  4. ^ Ball, Molly. "The Alabama Senate Race Gets Moore Strange", The Atlantic (August 16, 2017).
  5. ^ a b "Sexual misconduct accusations transform Alabama Senate race", Associated Press via ABC News (November 10, 2017): "Virtually the entire Republican establishment — including President Donald Trump — opposed Moore's primary bid in September."
  6. ^ a b c Scherer, Michael. "Moore wins Republican Senate primary, dealing blow to GOP establishment" (September 27, 2017): "He also won despite a last-minute push by Trump for Strange that included a barrage of late tweets and a rally Friday in Alabama."
  7. ^ Strauss, Daniel. "Moore crushes Strange in Alabama Senate primary", Politico (September 26, 2017).
  8. ^ a b McCrummen, Stephanie; Crites, Alice; Reinhard, Beth (November 9, 2017). "Woman says Roy Moore initiated sexual encounter when she was 14, he was 32". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  9. ^ a b Tillett, Emily (November 13, 2017). "New accuser steps forward in Roy Moore case – live updates". CBS News.
  10. ^ Isenstadt, Alex; Debenedetti, Gabriel (November 10, 2017). "Moore defiant as Senate Republicans sever ties". Politico. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  11. ^ Sullivan, Sean (November 14, 2017). "Paul Ryan joins GOP calls for Roy Moore to end campaign amid sexual misconduct allegations". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
  12. ^ Sullivan, Sean; Viebeck, Elise (November 13, 2017). "McConnell calls on Roy Moore to end Senate campaign following accusations of sexual misconduct". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
  13. ^ Berenson, Tessa (November 10, 2017). "All the Ways Alabama Republicans Are Defending Roy Moore". Time. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  14. ^ Chandler, Kim; Peoples, Steve (December 12, 2017). "Jones wins in stunning Alabama upset". Associated Press. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  15. ^ Sullivan, Sean; Weigel, David; Fahrenthold, David A. (December 12, 2017). "Doug Jones declared victor in Alabama race for Senate; Roy Moore may seek recount". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  16. ^ a b c "Doug Jones swearing-in: Watch live as Senate seats new Alabama member". Al.com. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  17. ^ "Sessions' Nomination Sets Off Political Jockeying for Alabama Senate Seat". Roll Call. November 18, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
  18. ^ "Who Might Replace Sessions?". Roll Call. November 16, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
  19. ^ "Alabama AG Luther Strange to Run for Sessions Senate Seat". The Weekly Standard. November 22, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2017.[permanent dead link]
  20. ^ "Alabama Governor Near Decision on Sessions Replacement". The Daily Progress.[dead link]
  21. ^ "No special election to replace Sessions; Bentley says move could save $16 million". AL.com. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
  22. ^ "Election to Fill the Vacancy of Sen. Jeff Sessions", Legislative Reference Service (February 13, 2017).
  23. ^ "Governor Ivey Moves US Senate Special Election to Adhere with State Law" (Press release). Office of the Governor of Alabama. April 18, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
  24. ^ Matthew Bloch, Jasmine Lee (August 16, 2017). "Alabama Primary Results". The New York Times. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  25. ^ Cason, Mike (April 26, 2017). "Roy Moore announces run for US senate: Alabama chief justice challenging Luther Strange". AL.com. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
  26. ^ a b Sharp, John (January 17, 2017). "All eyes on 'Big' Luther Strange as Alabama looks to fill Jeff Sessions' Senate seat". al.com. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
  27. ^ a b c d e f Gore, Leada (May 17, 2017). "Alabama Senate race updated list: 11 Republicans, 8 Democrats qualify". AL.com. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
  28. ^ Koplowitz, Howard (June 6, 2017). "Senate candidate Joseph Breault keeping a low profile". AL.com. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
  29. ^ Lyman, Brian (April 24, 2017). "Christian Coalition head Randy Brinson makes Senate bid". Montgomery Advertiser. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
  30. ^ "GOP Rep. Brooks enters Alabama Senate race". The Hill. May 15, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
    "Brooks Announces Primary Challenge to Strange". Rollcall.com. May 15, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  31. ^ Poe, Kelly (May 9, 2017). "Hoover businessman Dom Gentile announces run for U.S. Senate seat". AL.com. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  32. ^ Koplowitz, Howard (July 17, 2017). "Senate candidate Dom Gentile drops out of race, endorses Mo Brooks". AL.com. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
  33. ^ Koplowitz, Howard (May 24, 2017). "Senate special election hopeful withdraws; candidates shrink to 18". AL.com. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
  34. ^ "2017 U.S. Senate Special Election Info". Alabama Republican Party. Retrieved May 16, 2017.[permanent dead link]
  35. ^ Maxwell, Mary W. (May 17, 2017). "A New Legislator on the Horizon?". Gumshoe News. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
  36. ^ Gore, Leada (May 16, 2017). "Birmingham businessman Bryan Peeples running for U.S. Senate seat". AL.com. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  37. ^ Sharp, John (May 17, 2017). "Alabama State Senator Trip Pittman announces run for U.S. Senate". AL.com. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
  38. ^ Sell, Mary (April 17, 2017). "Ed Henry says he'll run for US Senate seat". Decatur Daily. Retrieved April 17, 2017.
  39. ^ Edgemon, Erin (May 17, 2017). "Ed Henry says he will not run for U.S. Senate". AL.com. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
  40. ^ "Aderholt not running for Senate seat". Decatur Daily. April 29, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
  41. ^ a b Gore, Leada (April 19, 2017). "Who will challenge Sen. Luther Strange? With new election date set, here are some possibilities". al.com. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
  42. ^ Walsh, Lauren [@LaurenWalshTV] (May 17, 2017). "Sen. Slade Blackwell (R-Mountain Brook) also considered a run for US Senate, but decided not to enter race" (Tweet). Retrieved May 17, 2017 – via Twitter.
  43. ^ a b c d e Gattis, Paul (April 19, 2017). "Alabama's sudden Senate race: Who's in, who's out, and who's on the fence?". al.com. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
  44. ^ Sharp, John (May 1, 2017). "U.S. Rep. Bradley Byrne not running for Senate". AL.com. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
  45. ^ Gattis, Paul (May 16, 2017). "Perry Hooper Jr. sets Senate announcement, expected to join race". AL.com. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  46. ^ a b Koplowitz, Howard (May 17, 2017). "Perry Hooper Jr. not running for Senate; endorses Luther Strange". AL.com. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
  47. ^ a b Moseley, Brandon (April 24, 2017). "Qualifying for Senate Seat Begins Today". Alabama Political Reporter. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
  48. ^ a b c Sharp, John (February 9, 2017). "Does Senate appointment hurt Luther Strange's 2018 prospects?". al.com. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  49. ^ Lyman, Brian (May 2, 2017). "Del Marsh confirms DC trip; blasts Luther Strange". Montgomery Advertiser. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  50. ^ Cason, Mike (May 17, 2017). "Del Marsh will not run for Alabama seat in U.S. Senate". AL.com. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
  51. ^ Wetzel, Michael (May 11, 2017). "Merrill noncommittal on seeking governor's job". The Decatur Daily. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
  52. ^ "Bentley interviews Aderholt, Byard and Magee for Senate". The Montgomery Advertiser. December 30, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
  53. ^ a b Gattis, Paul (May 16, 2017). "Democrat Ron Crumpton drops out of Senate race". AL.com. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  54. ^ a b "Ben Carson Splits With Trump, Basically Endorses Roy Moore In Alabama". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
  55. ^ a b Keyes, Alan Lee [@loyaltoliberty] (August 21, 2017). "My column after Roy Moore came first in the Alabama GOP US Senate vote, urging support for him in the run-off" (Tweet). Retrieved September 18, 2017 – via Twitter.
  56. ^ a b Wegmann, Philip. "Tom Coburn endorses Roy Moore in Alabama Senate race". Washington Examiner. Retrieved September 20, 2017.
  57. ^ a b "Facebook". Facebook. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  58. ^ a b Manchester, Julia (September 16, 2017). "Alabama Rep. Mo Brooks endorses Moore for Senate". The Hill. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  59. ^ a b "Latest: President Trump to visit Alabama to back Strange in Senate primary runoff against Moore". WVTM. Associated Press. September 17, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  60. ^ a b Scherer, Michael (September 16, 2017). "Roy Moore picks up endorsement of former rival Mo Brooks in Ala. Senate race". The Washington Post Powerpost blog. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  61. ^ a b "Brooks to endorse Moore in Alabama Senate race". Politico. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  62. ^ a b c d e "Meadows endorses Moore in Alabama Senate race". Politico. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  63. ^ "Congressman Jim Jordan Endorses Judge Roy Moore" (Press release). Roy Moore for Senate. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
  64. ^ a b "Georgia Politics, Campaigns, and Elections for September 22, 2017 – Georgia Politics, Campaigns and Elections". GaPundit. September 22, 2017. Archived from the original on September 23, 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  65. ^ a b Walsh, Joe [@WalshFreedom] (September 26, 2017). "Look, if you ride your horse to the polls to cast your vote, dang, you got my vote. Judge Roy Moore" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  66. ^ a b c d "Roy Moore on Senate endorsement: 'People are not voting for President Trump'". AL.com. August 9, 2017. Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  67. ^ a b c d "Judge Roy Moore Endorsements". RoyMoore.org. Archived from the original on September 17, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  68. ^ a b "Jim Zeigler throws support behind Roy Moore for US Senate". AlToday.com. August 25, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  69. ^ a b Cason, Mike (June 6, 2017). "Former GOP chairman Bill Armistead to lead Roy Moore campaign". AL.com. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  70. ^ a b "Trip Pittman endorses Roy Moore in Alabama Senate race". AL.com. August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  71. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Roy Moore gets endorsements from 14 Alabama lawmakers". AL.com. August 15, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  72. ^ a b "Ed Henry endorses Roy Moore for US Senate". Decatur Daily. August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  73. ^ a b "Vote for Judge Roy Moore in Alabama". The Resurgent. Archived from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  74. ^ a b Erickson, Erick [@EWErickson] (September 12, 2017). "Vote for Judge Roy Moore in Alabama" (Tweet). Retrieved September 18, 2017 – via Twitter.
  75. ^ a b "Roy Moore for US Senate Campaign Announces Endorsement of Coalition of African-American Pastors" (Press release). Roy Moore for Senate. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  76. ^ a b "A Mistaken Endorsement? – Courageous Conservatives PAC". Courageousconservativespac.com. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  77. ^ a b "GOA Recommends Brooks, Moore for Alabama Senate". Gun Owners of America. August 2, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  78. ^ a b "Gun rights group backs Roy Moore in Senate race". al.com. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  79. ^ a b "Steve Bannon breaks with Trump to pick Roy Moore over Luther Strange in Alabama Senate election". Washington Examiner. August 28, 2017.
  80. ^ a b @ForAmerica (September 13, 2017). "ForAmerica Chairman Brent Bozell officially endorses Moore in AL Senate" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  81. ^ a b Deace, Steve [@SteveDeaceShow] (August 4, 2017). "Steve Deace on Twitter: Yes! Go @MooreSenate – finest man I've met in politics" (Tweet). Retrieved August 25, 2017 – via Twitter.
  82. ^ a b Jacobs, Ben (September 24, 2017). "Nigel Farage to support controversial judge Roy Moore in Alabama election". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved September 24, 2017.
  83. ^ a b "Franklin Graham – I met Judge Roy Moore last year when I..." Facebook. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  84. ^ a b Stafford, Dylan. "Chuck Norris endorses in Alabama Senate race". CNN. Retrieved September 20, 2017.
  85. ^ a b Gattis, Paul (August 10, 2017). "Roy Moore gets endorsement from Duck Dynasty patriarch". AL.com. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
  86. ^ a b "Judge Roy Moore Endorsements". Roymoore.org. Archived from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  87. ^ a b Stone, Roger [@RogerJStoneJr] (September 21, 2017). "RI am really pulling for Roy Moore in Alabama. Luther Strange is a McConnell lap dog surrounded by the pungent aroma of corruption" (Tweet). Retrieved September 26, 2017 – via Twitter.[permanent dead link]
  88. ^ a b Woolery, Chuck [@chuckwoolery] (September 20, 2017). "I do not agree with #Trump and #McConnell on Lex #LutherStrangeAlabama! I want more of Roy Moore" (Tweet). Retrieved September 26, 2017 – via Twitter.
  89. ^ Trump, Donald J. [@realDonaldTrump] (August 9, 2017). "Senator Luther Strange has done a great job representing the people of the Great State of Alabama. He has my complete and total endorsement!" (Tweet). Retrieved August 9, 2017 – via Twitter.
    Trump, Donald J. [@realDonaldTrump] (September 26, 2017). "ALABAMA, get out and vote for Luther Strange – he has proven to me that he will never let you down!" (Tweet). Retrieved September 26, 2017 – via Twitter.
  90. ^ "Pence to campaign for Luther Strange next Monday". Politico. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
    "Report says VP Mike Pence coming to Alabama to campaign for Luther Strange". al.com. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  91. ^ "Mitch McConnell bolsters Strange's campaign". Alabama Political Reporter. August 3, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  92. ^ Caygle, Heather (May 12, 2017). "GOP Rebuffs Call for Special Prosecutor". Politico. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
  93. ^ "NRA Endorses Sen. Luther Strange in Alabama Special Election". nrapvf.org. NRA-PVF. May 24, 2017. Archived from the original on March 5, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2023. The National Rifle Association Political Victory Fund (NRA-PVF) today endorsed U.S. Sen. Luther Strange for the Republican U.S. Senate special primary election in Alabama.
  94. ^ Moseley, Brandon (May 26, 2017). "NRA endorses Strange". Alabama Political Reporter. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  95. ^ Kiszla, Cameron (June 12, 2017). "Sean Hannity, Mike Rogers endorse Mo Brooks; NRA backs Luther Strange for US Senate seat". The Anniston Star. Archived from the original on June 12, 2017. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  96. ^ Kiszla, Cameron (June 12, 2017). "Congressman Rogers endorses Brooks for Senate seat". The Anniston Star. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  97. ^ Gattis, Paul (July 21, 2017). "Mo Brooks gets Senate endorsement from powerful congressman". AL.com. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  98. ^ Koplowitz, Howard (August 2, 2017). "Mo Brooks endorsed by 7 Alabama Trump delegates, including Ed Henry". AL.com. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
  99. ^ "Mark Levin endorses Mo Brooks for US Senate – Courageous Conservatives PAC". Courageousconservativespac.com. Archived from the original on July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  100. ^ Manchester, Julia (August 4, 2017). "Mo Brooks lands backing from conservative group". The Hill. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  101. ^ "GOA Recommends Brooks, Moore for Alabama Senate | Op-ed Articles". Gunowners.org. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  102. ^ "New Endorsement: Mo Brooks for U.S. Senate". Senate Conservatives Fund. August 3, 2017. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
  103. ^ Kilgore, Ed. "In Alabama Senate Race, There's Stiff Competition to Be the Most Pro-Trump". Daily Intelligencer. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  104. ^ "Conservative Leader Ann Coulter Endorses Congressman Mo Brooks for United States Senate". Shoals Insider. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
  105. ^ @seanhannity (June 8, 2017). "Mo Brooks will support Pres.Trump's America 1st agenda, he is a proven conservative we need in the Senate. Support @RepMoBrooks 4 Senate" (Tweet). Retrieved June 10, 2017 – via Twitter.
  106. ^ Lauten, Elizabeth (June 8, 2017). "Fox News' Sean Hannity endorses Mo Brooks for Alabama U.S. Senate seat". Alabama Today. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  107. ^ Hagen, Lisa (June 7, 2017). "Mark Levin endorses Alabama rep in Senate race". The Hill. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  108. ^ Ball, Molly. "The Alabama Senate Race Gets Moore Strange", The Atlantic (August 16, 2017).
  109. ^ a b Rogin, Ali. "Roy Moore defeats Trump-backed Sen. Luther Strange in Alabama GOP primary runoff", ABC News (September 26, 2017).
  110. ^ "Roy Moore beats Trump-backed 'Big Luther' in Alabama Republican Senate primary", The Guardian (September 17, 2009).
  111. ^ Johnson, Jenna (September 24, 2017). "At rally for Sen. Luther Strange, Trump vents frustrations in rambling speech". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 24, 2017.
  112. ^ Alexander Burns, Matthew Bloch, Jasmine Lee, Jonathan Martin (September 27, 2017). "Runoff Results". The New York Times. Retrieved September 27, 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  113. ^ a b "Republican Party Certification of Results and Nomination of General Election Candidate" (PDF). sos.alabama.gov. October 10, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  114. ^ Strauss, Daniel. "Moore crushes Strange in Alabama Senate primary", Politico (September 26, 2017).
  115. ^ Martin, Jonathan and Burns, Alexander. "Roy Moore Wins Senate G.O.P. Runoff in Alabama", The New York Times (September 26, 2017): "Mr. Strange's defeat was the first time an incumbent senator with active White House support has lost since 2010, when Arlen Specter, the longtime senator of Pennsylvania, was beaten in a Democratic primary after switching parties."