2020 in the United Kingdom

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2020 in the United Kingdom
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Countries of the United Kingdom
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Popular culture

Events from the year 2020 in the United Kingdom. The COVID-19 pandemic largely dominated events in the UK during this year, as in most of the world.

Incumbents[edit]

Events[edit]

January[edit]

February[edit]

March[edit]

  • 2 March – COVID-19 in the UK: The government holds a COBRA meeting to discuss its preparations and response to the outbreak, as the number of British cases jumps to 133.[67][68]
  • 3 March
    • COVID-19 in the UK: The government publishes its action plan for dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes scenarios ranging from a milder pandemic to a "severe prolonged pandemic as experienced in 1918" and warns that a fifth of the national workforce could be absent from work during the infection's peak.[69][70]
    • The Met Office reports that last month was the wettest February in the UK since records began in 1872 with an average of 209.1mm of rainfall.[71]
  • 5 March
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • The airline Flybe collapses into administration, due in part to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international travel.[72]
      • What is at this time thought to be the first death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the UK is announced, with 295 people now having tested positive.[73] England's Chief Medical Officer, Chris Whitty, tells MPs that the UK has now moved to the second stage of dealing with SARS-CoV-2 – from "containment" to the "delay" phase.[74]
  • 6 March – COVID-19 in the UK: The Prime Minister announces £46 million in funding for research into a COVID-19 vaccine and rapid COVID-19 testing.[75]
  • 8 March – COVID-19 in the UK: A third death from COVID-19 is reported, at North Manchester General Hospital, as the number of cases in the UK reaches 501, the largest single-day increase so far.[76]
  • 9 March – COVID-19 in the UK: The FTSE 100 plunges by more than 8%, its largest intraday fall since 2008, amid concerns over the spread of SARS-CoV-2.[77]
  • 10 March – COVID-19 in the UK: Health minister Nadine Dorries tests positive for SARS-CoV-2.[78]
  • 11 March
    • COVID-19 in the UK: The number of British cases crosses 1,000, with 403 new cases bringing the total to 1,317.[68]
    • The Bank of England cuts its baseline interest rate from 0.75% to 0.25%, back down to the lowest level in history.[79]
    • Chancellor of the Exchequer, Rishi Sunak, presents the Johnson Government's first budget, which includes £30 billion in measures to protect the economy from the effects of the pandemic.[80][81][82]
  • 12 March – Following a series of recent major falls, the FTSE 100 plunges again, this time by over 10%, its biggest drop since 1987.[83][84] Other markets around the world are similarly affected by ongoing economic turmoil.
  • 13 March
  • 14 March
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • A further 10 people are reported to have died from COVID-19, almost doubling the British death toll from 11 to 21. Government data later reveals the figure was even higher at this time.[68] The government's aim for a "herd immunity" approach generates controversy.[87][88][89]
      • Modellers within 10 Downing Street, using the latest data from the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies, convince the Prime Minister that the pandemic is spreading faster than expected and will overwhelm hospitals unless drastic action is taken.[90]
      • British retailers release a joint letter asking customers not to panic buy products after some supermarkets sell out of items such as pasta, hand gel and toilet paper.[91]
      • Vice President of the United States, Mike Pence, announces the US is to extend its European travel ban to include the UK from 16 March.[92]
  • 15 March
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • The Foreign Office advises against "all but essential travel" to the US.[93]
      • Health Secretary Matt Hancock says that every British resident over the age of 70 will be told "within the coming weeks" to self-isolate for "a very long time" to shield them from infection with SARS-CoV-2.[94]
      • The government announces plans to hold daily televised press conferences to update the public on the pandemic, starting on Monday 16 March.[95]
  • 16 March
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • The British death toll from the COVID-19 is reported to have reached 55, with the number of cases of the illness passing 1,500.[96] Government data later reveals the figure was even higher at this time.[68]
      • Prime Minister Boris Johnson advises everyone in the UK against "non-essential" travel and contact with others to curb SARS-CoV-2, as well as suggesting people should avoid pubs, clubs and theatres, and work from home if possible. Pregnant women, people over the age of 70 and those with certain health conditions are urged to consider the advice "particularly important", and will be asked to self-isolate within days.[96]
      • The BBC delays its planned changes to TV licences for the over-75s from June to August because of the pandemic.[97]
  • 17 March
  • 18 March
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • The British death toll from COVID-19 is reported to have exceeded 100, with 32 new cases taking the total to 104.[104] Government data later reveals the figure was even higher at this time.[68]
      • The government announces that all schools in the United Kingdom will close from the afternoon of Friday 20 March except for vulnerable children and the children of key workers, and that no exams will take place in England and Wales this academic year.[105]
      • The 50th anniversary Glastonbury Festival is cancelled as a result of the pandemic.[106]
    • Pound sterling falls below $1.18, its lowest level since 1985.[107][108]
    • The government announces emergency legislation to bring in a complete ban on new evictions for three months as part of measures to help protect renters in social and private rented accommodation.
  • 19 March – In an emergency move, the Bank of England cuts interest rates again, from 0.25% to 0.1%. This is the lowest in the Bank's 325-year history.[109]
  • 20 March
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: Northwick Park Hospital in Harrow declares a "critical incident" due to a surge in patients with COVID-19.[110]
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • Chancellor Rishi Sunak announces that the government will pay 80% of wages for employees not working, up to £2,500 a month, as part of "unprecedented" measures to protect people's jobs.[111]
      • Prime Minister Boris Johnson orders all cafes, pubs and restaurants to close from the evening of 20 March, except for take-away food, to promote social distancing. All the UK's nightclubs, theatres, cinemas, gyms and leisure centres are told to close "as soon as they reasonably can".[112]
  • 21 March – COVID-19 in the UK: Environment Secretary George Eustice urges shoppers to stop panic buying, as supermarkets around the UK struggle to keep up with demand.[113] Tesco, Asda, Aldi, and Lidl are reported to have begun a recruitment drive for up to 30,000 new staff.[114]
  • 22 March
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • The Nursing and Midwifery Council announces that more than 5,600 former nurses have registered to offer their services in the pandemic.[115]
      • Boris Johnson warns that "tougher measures" may be introduced if people do not follow government advice on social distancing.[116]
        Empty streets in central London at the end of March 2020
  • 23 March
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • In a televised address, Boris Johnson announces a UK-wide lockdown with immediate effect, to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2. People can leave their homes only for "very limited purposes" – shopping for basic necessities; for one form of exercise a day; for any medical need; and to travel to and from work when "absolutely necessary". A number of other restrictions are imposed, with police given powers to enforce the measures, including the use of fines.[117][118][119]
      • Pride in London, the UK's largest LGBT Pride festival, scheduled for 27 June, is the latest event to be postponed. It is one of a hundred pride events to be postponed or cancelled in the UK.[120]
      • The government announces emergency measures to safeguard rail transport in England, with season ticket holders given refunds if working from home, and rail franchise agreements nationalised for at least six months to prevent rail companies from collapsing.[121][122]
    • Alex Salmond is cleared of sexually assaulting nine women while he was Scotland's First Minister.[123]
  • 24 March
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • The UK records its highest number of COVID-19 deaths in one day, after another 87 people die across the country, bringing the total to 422.[124] Government data later reveals the figure was even higher at this time.[68]
      • For the first time, all of the UK's mobile networks send out a government text alert, ordering people to stay at home. The message reads: "GOV.UK CORONAVIRUS ALERT. New rules in force now: you must stay at home. More info and exemptions at gov.uk/coronavirus Stay at home. Protect the NHS. Save lives."[125]
      • Health secretary Matt Hancock announces the government will open a temporary hospital, the NHS Nightingale Hospital London at the Excel London, to add extra critical care capacity in response to the pandemic.[126]
  • 25 March
  • 26 March
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • The government announces that the self-employed will be paid 80% of profits, up to £2,500 a month, to help them cope during the economic crisis triggered by COVID-19.[130]
      • At 8 pm, millions of people around the country take part in a "Clap for Our Carers" tribute, applauding the NHS and other care workers.[131] The gesture is repeated every Thursday for ten weeks.[132]
  • 27 March
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • Prime Minister Boris Johnson tests positive for COVID-19, and will self-isolate in 10 Downing Street.[133]
      • Health Secretary Matt Hancock tests positive for COVID-19 and reports that he is working from home and self-isolating.[134]
  • 31 March – COVID-19 in the UK: A significant rise in anxiety and depression among the British population is reported following the lockdown.[135]

April[edit]

  • 1 April
    • The contactless payment limit for in-store spending is raised from £30 to £45.[136]
    • The UK's National Living Wage rises from £8.21 to £8.72, an increase of 6.2%.[137]
    • The 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP26), a major UN climate summit which was to be held in Glasgow in November 2020, is postponed until 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[138][139]
  • 3 April – COVID-19 pandemic in England: NHS Nightingale Hospital London, the first temporary critical care hospital to treat COVID-19 patients, opens at the ExCel centre in East London, employing NHS staff and military personnel, with a bed capacity of up to 4,000. It is the first of several temporary critical care hospitals planned across the UK.[140]
    Newly elected Labour leader Keir Starmer
  • 4 April – 2020 Labour Party leadership election: Keir Starmer is elected as the leader of the Labour Party, succeeding Jeremy Corbyn, and Angela Rayner is elected as deputy leader of the party.[141]
  • 5 April
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • Queen Elizabeth II makes a rare broadcast to the UK and the wider Commonwealth, something she has done on only four previous occasions. In the address she thanks people for following the government's social distancing rules and pays tribute to key workers, and says the UK "will succeed" in its fight against the epidemic but may have "more still to endure".[142][143]
      • Prime Minister Boris Johnson is admitted to hospital for tests after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 ten days earlier.[144]
  • 6 April
    • Debenhams, one of the UK's largest and oldest department stores, goes into administration for the second time in a year.[145]
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • The death toll from COVID-19 in the UK is reported to have exceeded 5,000. The total number of reported cases is nearly 52,000.[146] Government data later reveals the figure was even higher at this time.[68]
      • Prime Minister Boris Johnson is taken into intensive care after being admitted to hospital for COVID-19 the day before. It is announced that First Secretary of State Dominic Raab will deputise for him.[147]
  • 8 April
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
  • 9 April
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab says the UK is "starting to see the impact" of the restrictions but that it is "too early" to lift them, and urges people to stay indoors over the Easter weekend.[149]
      • Prime Minister Boris Johnson is moved out of intensive care, but remains in hospital.[150]
  • 11 April – COVID-19 in the UK: Queen Elizabeth II makes her first ever Easter message to the nation, in which she states "coronavirus will not overcome us" and that "we need Easter as much as ever."[151]
  • 12 April
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • Prime Minister Boris Johnson is discharged from hospital after being treated for COVID-19 and will continue his recovery at Chequers.[152]
      • The number of people who died in hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infections in the UK passes 10,000, after a daily rise of 737.[153]
  • 16 April
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • A 99-year-old war veteran, Tom Moore, raises over £13 million (subsequently over £25 million) for NHS Charities Together after walking more than 100 laps of his garden, with hundreds of thousands (subsequently over a million) of people donating to his JustGiving page.[154]
      • Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab announces a three-week extension to the nationwide lockdown measures as the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the UK surpasses 100,000.[155]
  • 19 April – COVID-19 in the UK: Michael Gove, in a BBC interview with Andrew Marr, concedes that the Prime Minister missed five COBRA meetings in the early stages of the viral outbreak, and that the UK shipped personal protective equipment to China in February.[156]
  • 20 April – COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland: Scotland's new temporary NHS Louisa Jordan Hospital is now ready to receive COVID-19 patients.[157]
  • 21 April – COVID-19 in the UK: Data from the Office for National Statistics show the number of deaths in England and Wales has risen to its highest in 20 years. Figures show 18,500 deaths were recorded in the week up to 10 April, 8,000 more than usual for this time of year, with one in three linked to COVID-19.[158]
  • 22 April
  • 23 April – COVID-19 in the UK: The first human clinical trial in Europe of a COVID-19 vaccine, AZD1222, begins in Oxford.[161]
  • 24 April – COVID-19 pandemic in England: The government launches a website for key workers to apply for SARS-CoV-2 tests at drive-through centres and for home delivery.[162]
  • 25 April – COVID-19 in the UK: The number of people who have died in hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infections in the UK exceeds 20,000.[163]
  • 27 April
  • 28 April
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • A minute's moment of silence is held across the UK to commemorate the key workers who have died from COVID-19.[166]
      • Figures from the Office for National Statistics show a third of deaths in England and Wales from COVID-19 are occurring in care homes, with 2,000 recorded in the week up to 17 April.[167]
    • COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland: The Scottish Government recommends that people cover their faces in certain enclosed public spaces like shops and public transport. British ministers are reported to be considering the issue.[168]
  • 29 April
    • Prime Minister Boris Johnson and his fiancée, Carrie Symonds announce that she has given birth to their son, Wilfred Lawrie Nicholas Johnson in the early hours of the morning.[169][170]
    • COVID-19 in the UK: The British death toll from the virus becomes the second highest in Europe at 26,097.[171]
  • 30 April
    • COVID-19 in the UK: Boris Johnson says the UK is "past the peak" of the epidemic, but that the country must not "risk a second spike", and announces that he will set out a "comprehensive plan" to restart the economy next week.[172]
    • Clothing brands Oasis and Warehouse close with the loss of 1,800 more jobs after going into administration in mid-month.[173]

May[edit]

  • 4 May
    • MP Conor Burns resigns as Minister of State for Trade Policy after a report found he used his position as an MP to intimidate a member of the public.[174]
    • COVID-19 in the UK: The ONS reports that more than 25 million people – 49.6% of over-16s in the United Kingdom – rated their anxiety as "high" after the lockdown, more than double the number who did so in December 2019. Overall measures of well-being are reported to be at their lowest levels since records began in 2011.[175]
  • 5 May
  • 6 May – The National Assembly for Wales is renamed Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament.[180]
  • 7 May
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • The government confirms that 400,000 gowns ordered from Turkey to protect NHS staff from SARS-CoV-2 have been impounded, after failing to meet the required safety standards.[181][182]
      • The Bank of England warns that the economy is on course to shrink by 14% in 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19, pushing the UK into its deepest recession on record.[183]
    • Mobile operator O2 and broadband giant Virgin Media announce a merger.[184]
  • 10 May – COVID-19 pandemic in England: The government reveals that its lockdown slogan "Stay Home. Protect the NHS. Save Lives." is to be replaced, in England, with the new message, "Stay alert. Control the virus. Save lives", while Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are sticking with "stay at home".[185] A new alert scale system for England is also announced, ranging from green (level one) to red (level five), similar to the UK's Terror Threat Levels.[186]
  • 12 May
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • The official death toll from COVID-19 exceeds 40,000 – including almost 10,000 care home residents.[187]
      • The British furlough scheme is extended until October, with employees continuing to receive 80% of their monthly wages up to £2,500. A quarter of the workforce, some 7.5 million people, are now covered by the scheme, costing £14bn a month.[188]
    • COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland: The Northern Ireland Executive publishes its five-stage policy for easing lockdown without a timetable and titled Executive Approach to Decision-Making.[189]
  • 14 May – COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland: The first minister Arlene Foster announces that scientific data is sufficiently encouraging to begin easing the lockdown on Monday 18 May.[190]
  • 17 May – A law student is shot dead by a hitman on a street in Blackburn, Lancashire.
  • 18 May
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • Loss of smell or taste are added to the UK's official list of symptoms of COVID-19 that people should look out for and self-isolate with.[191]
      • Testing for the virus is extended to everyone aged five and over in the UK with symptoms. Health Secretary Matt Hancock announces that 100,678 tests were conducted the previous day.[192]
    • COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland: First minister Nicola Sturgeon announces that lockdown restrictions in Scotland will be eased from 28 May and that anyone over the age of five can now be tested for SARS-CoV-2.[193]
    • COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland: The first easing of lockdown in NI is rolled out, with garden centres and recycling facilities reopening.[194]
  • 19 May
    • Captain Tom Moore, who raised £32m for NHS charities, is to be knighted for his fundraising efforts following a special nomination from Boris Johnson.[195]
    • COVID-19 in the UK: Cambridge University becomes the first British institution to announce it is moving all lectures online until summer 2021.[196]
    • COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland: the Northern Ireland Executive announces the first stage of its lockdown-ending policy will go fully into effect, re-opening certain entertainment and sports facilities.[197] Arlene Foster announces contact tracing will begin in Northern Ireland.[197] Robin Swann announces all residents and staff of care homes are to be tested by the end of June.[198][197]
  • 20 May – COVID-19 in the UK: Rolls-Royce announce plans to cut 9,000 jobs as a result of the pandemic, predominantly affecting its British base in Derby, and warns that it could take "several years" for the airline industry to recover.[199]
  • 21 May
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • Antibody tests to check if someone has had SARS-CoV-2 infection will be made available on the NHS after a deal is agreed between the government and the pharmaceutical company, Roche.[200]
      • The NHS Confederation warns that time is running out to finalise a test, track and trace strategy to avoid a possible second wave of COVID-19 cases.[201]
    • A surcharge for overseas NHS staff and care workers to use the health service (on top of National Insurance and income tax) is scrapped after mounting pressure from MPs.[202]
  • 22 May – COVID-19 in the UK: The Office for National Statistics reports that government borrowing rose to £62bn in April, the highest monthly figure on record, after heavy spending in the British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[203]
  • 23 May – Dominic Cummings scandal: Dominic Cummings, Boris Johnson's senior adviser, faces calls to resign after a joint investigation by the Daily Mirror and The Guardian asserts that he travelled 260 miles from London to his parents' home in Durham whilst he was displaying COVID-19 symptoms, during lockdown.[204]
  • 24 May – Dominic Cummings scandal: After The Observer and the Sunday Mirror print allegations that Dominic Cummings made a second trip to the North East during lockdown, Boris Johnson expresses his support for his senior adviser during the government's coronavirus daily briefing, saying he had acted "responsibly, legally and with integrity".[205]
  • 25 May – Dominic Cummings scandal: Dominic Cummings says "I don't regret what I did" as he addresses criticism for his actions in an unprecedented public statement from a senior adviser in the 10 Downing Street Rose Garden.[206]
  • 26 May – Dominic Cummings scandal: Junior minister Douglas Ross resigns, saying that Dominic Cummings' view on lockdown guidance is "not shared by the vast majority of people who have done as the government asked."[207][208]
  • 27 May – Dominic Cummings scandal: Boris Johnson appears before the House of Commons Liaison Committee for the first time, during which he rules out an inquiry into Dominic Cummings' actions during lockdown.[209]
  • 28 May
    • COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland: First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon confirms an easing of the lockdown in Scotland from Friday 29 May with people able to meet friends and family outside in groups of no more than eight, but keeping two metres apart.[210]
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
    • The government approves Cleve Hill Solar Park on the north Kent coast, the UK's biggest ever solar farm at 900 acres in size and 350MW of capacity, enough to power over 91,000 homes.[213][214]
    • Dominic Cummings scandal: Durham Constabulary conclude that no offence had been committed by Dominic Cummings in travelling from London to Durham during lockdown. They also say that a minor breach of the lockdown rules might have occurred at Barnard Castle, but because there was no apparent breach of the social distancing rules, no further action would be taken.[215]
  • 29 May
    • COVID-19 in the UK: Chancellor Rishi Sunak confirms that the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme will end at the end of October, with employers having to pay National Insurance and pension contributions from August, 10% of pay from September, and then 20% in October.[216]
    • COVID-19 pandemic in Wales: First Minister of Wales Mark Drakeford announces an easing of lockdown restrictions in Wales from 1 June, allowing people from two different households to meet outdoors whilst socially distancing.[217]
  • 30 May – COVID-19 pandemic in England: Boris Johnson announces a relaxing of restrictions in England for the 2.2 million clinically extremely vulnerable individuals who have been "shielding" in their homes, allowing them to spend time outdoors for the first time in ten weeks from 1 June.[218]
  • 31 May
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab defends the government's decision to ease lockdown restrictions after concerns from scientists that there could be a new spike in SARS-CoV-2 infections, insisting that England "can't just stay in lockdown forever".[219]
    • Thousands of people gather in London, Manchester and Cardiff to protest following the murder of George Floyd, an unarmed black man murdered by a white police officer in the U.S.[220]
    • May 2020 is reported as the sunniest on recent record in the UK, with 266 hours of sunshine.[221] It is also the warmest and driest May ever recorded, beating the previous record set in 2018. The Met Office confirms that Spring 2020 as a whole broke numerous other records.[222]

June[edit]

  • 1 June – COVID-19 pandemic in England: some primary schools in England reopen to pupils from Reception, Year 1 and Year 6, with head teachers reporting "highly variable" levels of attendance ranging from 40% to 70%.[223]
  • 2 June
  • 3 June
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • Home Secretary Priti Patel confirms plans to force almost all arrivals to the UK to self-isolate for 14 days from 8 June, and warns that failure to adhere to quarantine conditions in England could result in a £1,000 fine.[229]
      • Business Secretary Alok Sharma, after sweating profusely during a statement to the Commons self-isolates at home, but tests negative for COVID-19 a day later.[230][231]
      • A significant increase in sleep problems among the British population is reported by King's College London researchers, attributed to the ongoing effects of the lockdown.[232]
  • 4 June
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: Transport Secretary Grant Shapps announces that wearing face coverings will be made compulsory on public transport in England from 15 June.[233]
    • German prosecutors say that they believe Madeleine McCann is dead, and are investigating a 43-year-old German convicted sex offender, identified as Christian B, on suspicion of murder.[234]
  • 5 June – the BBC announces Tim Davie as its new Director-General, effective from 1 September 2020.[235]
  • 6 June
  • 7 June – a statue of 17th century merchant, slave trader, MP, and philanthropist Edward Colston is pulled down by anti-racism protesters in Bristol.[238]
  • 8 June
    • COVID-19 in the UK: BP announces plans to cut 10,000 jobs following a global drop in demand for oil.[239]
    • Prime Minister Boris Johnson acknowledges the "undeniable feeling of injustice" motivating anti-racism protests caused by the murder of George Floyd, but urges the country to "work peacefully, lawfully" to defeat racism and discrimination, and condemns those who have flouted social distancing rules to attend them during a time of "national trial".[240][241]
  • 9 June
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: Education Secretary Gavin Williamson drops plans for all primary school children in England to return to school before the end of the summer term.[242]
    • COVID-19 in the UK: figures released by the Treasury show that 8.9 million workers are now covered by the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme, more than a quarter of the British workforce, costing £19.6bn to date.[243]
    • A statue of slave owner Robert Milligan is removed from outside the Museum of London Docklands, after mayor Sadiq Khan announces a review of all of London's statues and street names, saying any with links to slavery "should be taken down".[244]
  • 10 June – COVID-19 in the UK: the OECD says the British economy is likely to be the hardest-hit by COVID-19 among developed countries, with a projected economic slump of 11.5% in 2020.[245]
  • 11 June
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: figures from the Department of Health show that in NHS England's NHS Test and Trace's first week of operation, 31,700 contacts were identified, of whom 26,900 (85%) were reached and asked to self-isolate.[246]
    • COVID-19 in the UK: Centrica, the owner of British Gas, announces plans to cut 5,000 jobs by the end of 2020 to "arrest the decline" of the company.[247]
  • 12 June – COVID-19 in the UK: figures released by the Office for National Statistics show that the British economy shrunk by 20.4% in April, the largest monthly contraction on record.[248]
  • 13 June – large crowds, including far-right protesters, clash with police in central London, in response to recent anti-racism rallies and the tearing down of statues.[249]
  • 15 June
  • 16 June
  • 19 June
    • COVID-19 in the UK: the UK's COVID-19 alert level is reduced from four to three, meaning the virus remains in general circulation but transmission is no longer "high or rising exponentially."[257]
    • The UK's national debt exceeds 100% of GDP for the first time since 1963.[258]
  • 23 June – COVID-19 pandemic in England: Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces an easing of the two-metre rule in England in favour of a '1-metre-plus' approach so two different households will be able to eat, drink or dine together from 4 July as long as they stick to physical-distancing guidelines; households will also be able to visit each other which includes staying overnight.[259]
  • 24 June – 22 police officers are injured and their vehicles damaged after breaking up an 'unlicensed music event' in Brixton; four people are arrested.[260]
  • 25 June
A gloss white painted Airbus A330-243 MRTT with a red, white and blue 'Union Jack' flag on its vertical tail fin and UNITED KINGDOM in gold lettering on its upper fuselage, operated by the Royal Air Force, which has been modified for military and VIP use, is about to land RAF Brize Norton in Oxfordshire, England.
ZZ336 Vespina, the Royal Air Force's (RAF) VIP Voyager KC3 returns to RAF Brize Norton following completion of major servicing and her new 'Global Britain' gloss-white livery.
  • 26 June
    • Following programmed mid-life major servicing and her new £900 million 'Global Britain' gloss-white livery, ZZ336 Vespina, the Royal Air Force's (RAF) VIP Voyager KC3 returns to her home base at RAF Brize Norton in Oxfordshire to continue her role as principal VIP aircraft for the British Royal Family, the Prime Minister, and senior members of the UK Government, whilst retaining her core military function as air-to-air refuelling tanker and air transport aircraft.[266]
    • Jonty Bravery, 18, is jailed for a minimum term of 15 years after throwing a six-year-old boy off a 200 feet (61 m) balcony at London's Tate Modern gallery, leaving him with a bleed to the brain and life-changing injuries.[267] A review found that, Bravery’s case involved, "appropriate efforts by professionals from across agencies to access assessment and treatment" but efforts, "were stymied due to the lack of services, placements and provisions that were suitable for his needs as an autistic young person with a coexisting conduct disorder diagnosis".[268]
    • Shopping centre owner Intu, whose portfolio includes Merry Hill in the West Midlands and the Trafford Centre in Manchester, falls into administration after failing to secure an agreement with its creditors.[269][270]
  • 27 June – Kate Green is appointed by Keir Starmer as Shadow Secretary of State for Education, replacing Rebecca Long-Bailey.[271]
  • 29 June – COVID-19 pandemic in England: following a spike in COVID-19 cases in Leicester, the UK's first full local lockdown is introduced in the city, with non-essential retailers told to shut from the following day and schools told to close from 2 July.[272]
  • 30 June – the British government announces that rental e-scooters in the UK will be made legal from 4 July as an alternative which promotes social distancing compared to public mass transport, while privately owned e-scooters will remain illegal. This will be a rapid acceleration to a plan, first announced in March where scooters would be allowed in only four 'future transport zones': Portsmouth and Southampton, the West of England Combined Authority (WECA), Derby and Nottingham, and the West Midlands.[273]

July[edit]

  • 1 July
  • 2 July – The National Crime Agency (NCA) reports that a Europe-wide operation lasting over three months, which involved the interception of messages on EncroChat, has had the biggest impact on organised crime gangs it has ever seen. More than 800 arrests are reported, including major crime figures, with over two tonnes of drugs, several dozen guns and £54m in suspect cash being seized.[276][277]
  • 4 July – COVID-19 pandemic in England: A major easing of the lockdown in England – subject to modified physical distancing conditions – allows the reopening of bingo halls, cinemas, galleries, hairdressers, hotels, pubs, restaurants and theme parks.[278][279]
  • 6 July
    • The government announces a £1.57bn support package to help British theatres, galleries, museums and other arts/cultural venues during the economic downturn.[280]
    • The UK is warned by China not to interfere with its new Hong Kong national security law and to stop "making irresponsible remarks on Hong Kong affairs."[281]
  • 7 July – The British Government announces that it will resume arms sales to Saudi Arabia after a review finds "no clear risk" that they would be used in violation of international humanitarian law. Sales had been suspended in 2019 after a legal challenge by campaigners.[282]
  • 8 July – COVID-19 in the UK: Chancellor Rishi Sunak unveils a £30bn spending package aimed at mitigating the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including a temporary reduction in VAT for the hospitality sector, a scheme to pay firms £1,000 for each employee brought back from furlough, a scheme to get young people into employment, and a temporary rise in the stamp duty threshold.[283]
  • 9 July – COVID-19 in the UK: Boots and John Lewis announce job losses as a result of the pandemic, with Boots cutting 4,000 jobs, while John Lewis says it is shutting down eight of its stores, putting 1,300 jobs at risk.[284]
  • 10 July
  • 11 July
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: Further easing of the lockdown is introduced in England, as outdoor pools and water parks are allowed to reopen, while indoor gyms, pools and leisure centres can reopen from 25 July.[287]
    • Two members of Animal Rebellion are arrested on suspicion for criminal damage after releasing red dye into Trafalgar Square fountains.[288]
  • 13 July
  • 14 July – British mobile providers are ordered to remove 5G equipment by Chinese firm Huawei from networks by 2027, over security fears.[291]
  • 15 July – The government announces that citizens of the EU living in England will be able to vote in the 2021 local elections postponed from 2020.[292]
  • 17 July
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: Boris Johnson announces further easing of lockdown restrictions, with plans for a "significant return to normality" by Christmas. The new rules allow people to use public transport for non-essential journeys with immediate effect, while employers will have more discretion over their workplaces from 1 August.[293] From 18 July, local authorities will have the power to enforce local lockdowns.[294]
    • Princess Beatrice marries Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi at a private ceremony at the Royal Chapel of All Saints, having been delayed by the pandemic.[295]
    • British Airways retires its fleet of 31 Boeing 747 aircraft, a move previously planned for 2024.[296]
  • 20 July
    • COVID-19 in the UK: Clinical trials of the vaccine being developed by the Jenner Institute and Oxford Vaccine Group at the University of Oxford on 1,077 patients show that it appears to be safe, and trains the immune system to produce COVID-19 antibodies.[297]
    • Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab announces that the government will suspend its extradition treaty with Hong Kong "immediately and indefinitely" over the controversial national security law.[298]
    • MPs vote against New Clause 11, which intended to protect and maintain standards on animal health and welfare, food safety and the environment in the UK in any post-Brexit trade deal, by 337 votes to 251.[299]
    • MPs vote against New Clause 17, which intended to protect the NHS and publicly funded health and care services in other parts of the UK from any form of control from outside the UK.[300]
  • 21 July – The Intelligence and Security Committee publishes a long-delayed Russia report on Russian influence over British politics. It shows that the government and intelligence agencies both failed to prepare or conduct any proper assessment of Kremlin attempts to interfere with the 2016 Brexit referendum.[301]
  • 22 July – The UK and US agree to amend an "anomaly" that allowed Harry Dunn death suspect Anne Sacoolas to claim diplomatic immunity.[302]
  • 24 July – COVID-19 pandemic in England: Face coverings in shops and supermarkets become mandatory in England.[303]
  • 25 July
    • COVID-19 in the UK: Following a rise in COVID-19 cases in Spain, and concerns of a second wave, the British government[304] and the governments of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland,[305] announce that travellers returning from Spain will be required to quarantine for 14 days from 26 July.
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England:
      • Public Health England warns that being obese and overweight puts people at greater risk of severe illness or death as a result of COVID-19.[306]
      • Indoor gyms, swimming pools and sports facilities in England reopen in the latest easing of the lockdown.[307]
    • Police investigate grime artist Wiley over a series of antisemitic posts on his social media accounts, in which he describes Jewish people as "cowards" and "snakes" and compares them to the KKK.[308] Home Secretary Priti Patel later probes Twitter and Instagram on their delay in removing the "abhorrent" posts.[309]
  • 27 July
    • COVID-19 in the UK: The UK's Chief Veterinary Officer confirms that SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, has been detected in a pet cat – the first known case of infection in an animal in the UK.[310]
    • The government announces a ban on junk food advertising before 21:00 for the whole UK, along with restrictions in England on how foods high in fat and sugar can be promoted in-store, and new rules for displaying calories on menus.[311]
  • 29 July
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • The government sign a deal with GSK and Sanofi to provide 60 million doses of their potential COVID-19 vaccine. This follows three previous deals with other companies, taking the UK's potential vaccine availability to 250 million doses.[312]
      • BBC Radio 1 presenter Greg James completes his 'Up Yours Corona' challenge by getting 193 countries in the world to tell the coronavirus to "do one" in one week.[importance?]
  • 30 July
    • Argos announces an end to its printed catalogue after almost 50 years of publication.[313]
    • COVID-19 in the UK: The isolation period for those with COVID-19 symptoms is extended from seven to 10 days, in line with guidance from the World Health Organization.[314]
    • Former Conservative MP Charlie Elphicke is found guilty of sexually assaulting two women, in 2007 and 2016. His wife Natalie Elphicke, Member of Parliament for Dover, says the verdict has ended their marriage.[315]
    • With a series of opinion polls showing majority support for Scottish independence, Jackson Carlaw resigns as Leader of the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party after only six months in the job.
  • 31 July
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: A further easing of the lockdown in England, due to begin on 1 August, is postponed for at least two weeks, because of an increase in SARS-CoV-2 cases.[316]
    • The UK experiences its hottest day of the year so far, with temperatures of 37.8 °C (100.04 °F) recorded in London.[317]
    • The UK records its first case of babesiosis, a rare tick-borne disease.[318]

August[edit]

  • 1 August
    • The BBC ends free television licensing for over-75s.[319]
    • An unnamed Conservative MP and former minister, described as a man in his 50s, is arrested on suspicion of rape. As he has not had the whip withdrawn by the party, he can continue to represent them.[320]
    • Arsenal defeat Chelsea 2–1 in the FA Cup Final to win the FA Cup for the 14th time.[321]
  • 6 August – Charlotte Dewar is named as chief executive of the Independent Press Standards Organisation, replacing Matt Tee.[322]
  • 7 August – The UK has its hottest August day in 17 years, with temperatures surpassing 36 °C in south-east England.[323]
  • 12 August
    • Stonehaven derailment: A train derailment kills three people near Stonehaven in Aberdeenshire, caused by heavy rain triggering a landslide.[324]
    • Economy of the United Kingdom: The Office for National Statistics reports that the United Kingdom's gross domestic product (GDP) fell by 20.4% in the second quarter of 2020, the biggest quarterly decline since records began in 1955, and the worst economic figure of any G7 nation.[325][326]
  • 13 August – A-level results are published in England, Northern Ireland and Wales. This year's exams were cancelled due to the COVID-19 epidemic, so results were instead calculated using predictions submitted by teachers, called centre assessed grades (CAGs). The predictions were then moderated by the regulator, Ofqual, using an algorithm designed to eliminate grade inflation. This gave an overall pass rate 0.7% higher than in 2019, with more students being accepted for their first choice university course than in that year. Following concerns that 39% of results predicted by teachers in England were downgraded by the moderation process, Ofqual accuses some teachers of submitting "implausibly high" predictions. University data shows that 79% of the 2019 university intake did not achieve their predicted grades in exams.[327][328][329]
  • 16 August – The 2020 World Snooker Championship concludes with Ronnie O'Sullivan defeating Kyren Wilson 18–8 in the final to win his sixth world title.[330]
  • 17 August
    • In a reversal of the previous decision, the government announces that A-levels and GCSE grades in England will be based on unmoderated teacher predictions.[331] Similar reversals also take place in Wales and Northern Ireland.[332][333]
    • Banks Mining closes a major opencast coal site, Bradley mine, near Dipton, County Durham.[334]
  • 20 August
  • 21 August – UK government debt is reported to be over £2 trillion for the first time. This also marks the first time the debt-to-GDP ratio has exceeded 100% since the 1960–61 financial year.[338]
  • 25 August – COVID-19 in the UK: Scientists identify the earliest person known to have been infected by the SARS-CoV-2 in the UK; a 75-year-old woman from Nottinghamshire, who tested positive on 21 February.[57]
  • 26 August – A disastrous fall in wheat production is reported due to extreme weather, with yields expected to be 40% lower, the worst British harvest in 40 years.[339]
    Newly elected Liberal Democrat leader Ed Davey
  • 27 August

September[edit]

  • 1 September – KPMG speculate that the British economy is unlikely to reach its pre-COVID level until early 2023.[342]
  • 1–4 September – The majority of schools in England, Wales and Northern Ireland reopen at full capacity, following those in Scotland that did so last month, ending almost half a year of closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[343][344][345]
  • 4 September
    • Construction work officially begins on the HS2 high-speed rail network.[346]
    • Former Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott is appointed as an unpaid trade adviser to the British government. The decision causes controversy over his past comments regarding women and LGBT people that have been labelled misogynistic and homophobic. A group of equality activists including Ian McKellen and Russell T Davies write an open letter against the appointment.[347]
  • 5 September – Extinction Rebellion activists block access to three printing presses owned by Rupert Murdoch, delaying the publication of several national newspapers. Police arrest 63 people.[348]
  • 6 September – COVID-19 in the UK: Almost 3,000 people in the UK test positive for SARS-CoV-2, a 50% increase in a single day and the highest daily total since May.[349]
  • 8 September
  • 9 September
  • 11 September – COVID-19 in the UK: The R number escalates to between 1.0 and 1.2 for the first time since March.[356]
  • 12 September – COVID-19 in the UK: Sir Mark Walport, former chief scientific adviser and member of SAGE, warns that the UK is "on the edge of losing control" as recorded cases of COVID-19 exceed 3,000 for the second day in a row.[357]
  • 14 September
    • COVID-19 in the UK: The new "rule of six" law comes into force.[358] In England, unless one of the exceptions applies, such as team sports, sailing, angling, shooting, polo, dodgeball, floorball and goalball,[359] the law provides authority to limit the number of persons in a gathering to a maximum of six.[360] Equivalent rules also begin in Wales and Scotland, with some differences including exemptions for children under the ages of 11 and 12 respectively.[361]
    • Conservative MP Rehman Chishti resigns as Prime Minister's Special Envoy for Freedom of Religion or Belief over the Government's Internal Market Bill, saying it unilaterally breaks the UK's legal commitments.[362]
    • The Internal Market Bill clears its first hurdle in the Commons by 340 votes to 263.[363]
  • 15 September – Former Conservative MP Charlie Elphicke is jailed for two years for sexually assaulting two women, in 2007 and 2016.[364]
  • 16 September – The UK returns three antique bronze sculptures to India more than 40 years after they were stolen from a Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu. They were found in London after one was offered for sale in 2019.[365]
  • 18 September – COVID-19 in the UK: Prime Minister Boris Johnson states the UK is "now seeing a second wave" of COVID-19, with the R number now at 1.1 to 1.4 and cases rising around the country among all age groups.[366][367]
  • 20 September
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • The SARS-CoV-2 genome later identified as part of the lineage of Variant of Concern 202012/01 – later dubbed the Alpha variant – is collected for the first time in a sample from Kent. The same genome is also identified for the second time in a sample from Greater London.[368]
  • 21 September – COVID-19 in the UK: The Joint Biosecurity Centre recommends that the COVID-19 alert level for the UK should be increased to Level 4, meaning that transmission of the virus is "high or rising exponentially".[369]
  • 22 September – COVID-19 in the UK: Michael Gove recommends that employees should work from home if able to do so.[370][371]
  • 24 September – COVID-19 in the UK: The UK records 6,634 new positive tests for SARS-CoV-2, the highest daily figure since mass testing began.[372]
  • 25 September – Sgt Matiu Ratana, a long serving police officer with the Metropolitan Police, is shot dead during an incident at a custody centre in Croydon, London.[373][374]
  • 29 September – MPs give their final backing to the Internal Market Bill, by 340 votes to 256. It now moves to the House of Lords.[375]

October[edit]

  • 1 October
    • After the British government ignored its early September demands to scrap parts of the Internal Market Bill by the end of the month, the European Commission launches legal action against the UK in response to the bill, which could be used to override sections of the Brexit divorce deal.[376]
    • Margaret Ferrier, MP for Rutherglen and Hamilton West is suspended from the British parliamentary Scottish National Party after travelling from London to Scotland after being confirmed positive for COVID-19.[377]
  • 2 October
    • Cumbria County Council approves the first new deep coalmine for 30 years, voting 12–3 in favour. Opponents, which include Extinction Rebellion, argue that it contradicts the UK's pledge to be carbon neutral by 2050.[378]
    • Plans for 40 new hospitals by 2030 are confirmed as part of a package worth £3.7 billion, with a further eight planned.[379]
  • 3 October – The wettest day on record occurs, with an average of 31.7 mm (1.24 in) of rain across the entire country.[380]
  • 4 October
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • A huge spike in new cases occurs from a backlog of unreported positive results, caused by an IT glitch. This results in the daily figure almost doubling on 3 October, and then nearly doubling again on 4 October.[381][382]
      • The cumulative total number of COVID-19 cases in the UK exceeds half a million.[383]
  • 7 October – British Airways' last two Heathrow-based Boeing 747 planes depart from the airport on their final flight.[384]
  • 9 October
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: The ONS reports that SARS-CoV-2 infections in England have "increased rapidly" with one in 240 people infected. Science advisers warn that hospital admissions are now "very close" to levels seen at the start of the crisis in early March.[385]
    • COVID-19 in the UK: Chancellor Rishi Sunak announces that workers will get two-thirds of their wages paid for by the government if their employer is forced to shut because of the British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[386]
  • 11 October – At the 2020 Eifel Grand Prix, Lewis Hamilton equals Michael Schumacher's record of 91 for the most Formula One Grand Prix wins.[387]
  • 12 October – COVID-19 pandemic in England: Boris Johnson tells the Commons there will be a new three-tier alert system for local authorities in England – medium (tier 1), high (tier 2), and very high (tier 3).[388]
  • 13 October – Unemployment reaches 4.5 per cent, as redundancies are reported to be at their highest level since 2009.[389]
  • 16 October
    • Brexit: Boris Johnson contends that trade talks with the EU are effectively "over", and that the UK should "get ready" for arrangements with the EU to be "more like Australia's" from 1 January 2021.[390]
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: With SARS-CoV-2 infections in Greater Manchester increasing rapidly, and mayor Andy Burnham refusing to accept further restrictions, Boris Johnson warns he may "need to intervene" if new measures cannot be agreed.[391]
  • 20 October – The House of Lords rejects the Internal Market Bill, voting by 395 to 169 (a majority of 226) for a "regret" amendment.[392]
  • 23 October – COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland: Nicola Sturgeon confirms that Scotland is to enter a new five-level system of social distancing restrictions.[393]
  • 25 October – Nave Andromeda incident: An oil tanker south-east of the Isle of Wight, suspected to have been hijacked by Nigerian stowaways, is stormed by the Special Boat Service. Seven people believed to be Nigerians seeking British asylum are handed over to Hampshire Police.[394]
  • 29 October
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: A major study by Imperial College London suggests that nearly 100,000 people are catching the virus every day in England, a figure now doubling every nine days. The study authors warn that "something has to change" at this "critical stage".[395][396]
    • The Labour Party suspends former leader Jeremy Corbyn over his reaction to a report into anti-semitism.[397]
  • 31 October
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: In a televised address, PM Boris Johnson announces a new four-week lockdown for England, to be enforced from 5 November until 2 December.[398]
    • COVID-19 in the UK: The UK exceeds 1 million cases.[399]

November[edit]

December[edit]

  • 1 December
  • 2 December – COVID-19 in the UK: The UK becomes the first country to approve the new Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. 800,000 doses are planned for arrival in the coming days, with a further 40 million in 2021, enough to vaccinate 20 million people. The BBC reports that the jab is "the fastest vaccine to go from concept to reality, taking only 10 months to follow the same steps that normally span 10 years."[446]
  • 3 December
    • Four people are killed after a large explosion at a waste water treatment works in Avonmouth, Bristol.[447]
    • The first batch of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine arrives in the UK, and is stored at an undisclosed location ready for distribution to hospitals and vaccination centres around the country.[448]
  • 4 December – Mayor of Liverpool Joe Anderson is arrested, along with four others, on suspicion of conspiracy to commit bribery and witness intimidation, related to the awarding of building contracts in the city.[449]
  • 7 December – MPs vote by 357 to 268, a majority of 89, to reinstate controversial sections of the Internal Market Bill linked to the Northern Ireland protocol, which the EU continues to oppose.[450]
  • 8 December
    • COVID-19 in the UK: A 90-year-old British woman, Margaret Keenan, becomes the first person in the world to receive the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 jab as part of a mass vaccination programme. The injection of BNT162b2 is the first of 800,000 doses to be offered to people in the UK, with millions more expected to be ready by 31 December.[451]
    • A group of former rugby players including Rugby World Cup winner Steve Thompson begin a claim against the game's authorities after being diagnosed with early signs of dementia, saying that repeated blows to the head from playing the sport are to blame.[452]
  • 12 December – Silverstone Circuit announces the renaming of the "International Pits Straight" the "Lewis Hamilton Straight" after he won his seventh world title and broke the record for most wins.[453]
  • 14 December
    • COVID-19 in the UK: Health Secretary Matt Hancock tells MPs that a new variant of COVID-19, the Alpha variant, has been identified that is spreading faster in some areas of the country.[454] The variant shows changes to the spike protein which could make the virus more infectious.[455]
    • Singer Jesy Nelson leaves the band Little Mix, saying that being in the group had taken a toll on her mental health and that she found the pressure of being in a girl group and living up to expectations very difficult.[456][457]
    • Criteria on blood donations will focus on individual behaviours instead, and lift a ban on men who have sex with men in the last three months from donating blood. The changes will take effect in summer 2021.[458]
  • 16 December
  • 18 December – COVID-19 in the UK: The New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Advisory Group and the government are informed of evidence of increased transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant.[461]
  • 19 December
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: Boris Johnson announces a new 'tier 4' lockdown for London and much of South East England from midnight, as the Alpha variant is identified with a 70% higher transmission rate.[462]
    • COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland: Nicola Sturgeon announces "firm preventative action" – a ban on travel to the rest of the UK over the festive period; the relaxation of rules on meeting households indoors to only apply on Christmas Day; all of mainland Scotland moving into the toughest level four from 26 December; and schools returning later than originally planned after the Christmas holidays.[463]
  • 20 December
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy and the Netherlands announce the banning of flights from the UK, in response to SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant.[464]
      • A new record high daily case figure is reported, with 35,928 new infections, double the number of the previous Sunday.[465]
      • France announces it will stop freight lorry movements from the UK for 48 hours because of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant in the UK.[466]
  • 21 December – COVID-19 in the UK: The number of countries halting travel from the UK exceeds 40.[467]
  • 22 December
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • The UK and France reach an agreement to reopen their border the following day, allowing freight drivers and EU citizens to travel between the two countries, subject to a recent negative COVID-19 test.[468]
      • Tesco reintroduces a purchasing limit on some items, including eggs, rice, soap and toilet rolls to ensure there is not a shortage of products due to panic buying.[469]
    • A new mineral, dark green in colour and named kernowite, is discovered in Cornwall.[470]
  • 23 December
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • A new highly infectious strain, originating from South Africa, is confirmed to be present in London and the North West of England.[471]
      • Another record high daily case figure is reported, with 39,237 new infections.[472]
    • COVID-19 pandemic in England: Tier 4 restrictions are announced for more areas in England from Boxing Day.[471]
  • 24 December
  • 25 December
  • 26 December – Bryony Frost becomes the first female jockey to win the King George VI Chase at Kempton Park.[478]
  • 28 December
    • COVID-19 in the UK:
      • Another record high daily case figure is reported, with 41,385 new infections.[479]
      • The number of patients with the virus in hospitals exceeds 20,000, surpassing the peak of the first wave in April.[480]
  • 29 December – COVID-19 in the UK: Another record high daily case figure is reported, with 53,135 new infections.[481]
  • 30 December
    • COVID-19 in the UK: The UK approves its second vaccine against COVID-19, developed by Oxford-AstraZeneca, with the first doses due to be given on 4 January 2021.[482]
    • Brexit: The post-Brexit trade agreement with the EU is passed in the House of Commons by 521 votes to 73, a majority of 448.[483]
  • 31 December
    • COVID-19 in the UK: Another record high daily case figure is reported, with 55,892 new infections.[484]
    • The government approves planning consent for the 2.4 GW Hornsea Project Three wind farm.[485] Concerns are raised over the impact on bird colonies in the region.[486]
    • Brexit: The transition period expires at 23:00 GMT as the UK completes its final separation from the EU, four and a half years after the referendum.[487][488]

Publications[edit]

Deaths[edit]

January[edit]

Derek Acorah in 2013
Roger Scruton
Derek Fowlds in 1974
Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart in 2018
Terry Jones in 2014
Nicholas Parsons in 2007

February[edit]

Andy Gill in 2015
Terry Hands in 1972
John Shrapnel
Caroline Flack in 2012
Andrew Weatherall in 2009

March[edit]

Roy Hudd in 2005
Michael Broadbent in 2005
Betty Williams in 1996
Peter Whittingham in 2016
David Collings
Tristan Garel-Jones in 2011
Jack Schofield in 2009

April[edit]

Honor Blackman in 1969
Tim Brooke-Taylor in 2014
Stirling Moss in 1958
John Houghton in 2005
Ian Whitcomb in 1990
Jimmy Goodfellow in 2009
Lynn Faulds Wood in 2010

May[edit]

Brian Howe in 2009
Phil May in 2013
Heather Chasen
Christian Mbulu in 2017

June[edit]

Rosemary Hollis in 2013
Vera Lynn circa 1973
Ian Holm in 2004
Julian Curry in 2011

July[edit]

Earl Cameron in 2017
Johnny Beattie in 2009
Jack Charlton in 1969
Stuart Wheeler in 2009
Olivia de Havilland in 1938
Sir Alan Parker in 2008

August[edit]

Anthony Lester, Baron Lester of Herne Hill
Gordon J. Brand
Chris Eccleshall in 2014
Pete Way in 2007
Ken Robinson in 2009
Peter King

September[edit]

Dame Diana Rigg in 1973
Anne Stevenson in 2009
Sir Harold Evans in 2009
John D. Barrow in 2012

October[edit]

Peregrine Worsthorne in 1989
Bobby Ball in 2013
Sir Sean Connery in 1983

November[edit]

John Sessions in 2018
Ray Clemence in 1981
Hamish MacInnes
David Prowse in 2013

December[edit]

Dame Barbara Windsor in 2010
John le Carré in 2008
Jeremy Bulloch in 2016

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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