Anvil Point Lighthouse

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Anvil Point Lighthouse
Anvil Point Lighthouse from the north
Map
LocationSwanage
Dorset
England
Coordinates50°35′30.8″N 1°57′35.3″W / 50.591889°N 1.959806°W / 50.591889; -1.959806
Tower
Constructed1881
Constructionstone tower
Automated1991
Height12 m (39 ft)
Shapecylindrical tower with balcony and lantern
Markingswhite tower and lantern
OperatorTrinity House[1]

[2]

Listed Building – Grade II
Official nameThe lighthouse residential block, link building, sheds (now used as garage, engine house for lights and stores) and wall at Anvil Point
Designated21 March 1983
Reference no.1153160
Fog signaldeactivated
Light
Focal height45 m (148 ft)
Lens250mm 6 panel fourth order rotating optic (original), 1 single tier LED lantern (current)
Intensity1,080 candela
Range9 nmi (17 km; 10 mi)
CharacteristicFl W 10s.

The Anvil Point Lighthouse is a fully-automated lighthouse located at Durlston Country Park near Swanage in Dorset, England. It is owned by Trinity House and currently operated as two holiday cottages.

The lighthouse, residential block and associated buildings are listed Grade II as part of a single entry on the National Heritage List for England.[3]

History

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The lighthouse from the west

The lighthouse is built of local stone and was completed in 1881.[4] It was opened by Joseph Chamberlain, the President of the Board of Trade. The lighthouse tower is twelve metres tall, the height of the light above the high-water mark is 45 m (148 ft). The light is positioned to give a waypoint for vessels passing along the English Channel coast.

Originally the light was illuminated by a Douglass multi-wick mineral oil burner, set within a large (first order) revolving 14-panel dioptric optic by Chance Brothers & Co.[5] It was the first example of a significant new design of lighthouse optic, whereby (through the use of dense flint glass in the upper and lower portions) the height of a Fresnel lens could be significantly increased, dispensing with the need for additional reflective prisms above and below;[6] the lenses alone stood 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) high. The lamp was also specially designed for Anvil Point by James Douglass; it was subsequently used in other large coastal lighthouses,[7] a series of international patents having been granted.[8]

An explosive fog signal was established at the lighthouse in February 1894, which in foggy weather sounded once every ten minutes[9] (later altered to every five minutes).[10]

In the early 20th century a paraffin vapour burner (PVB) replaced the oil lamp.

The lighthouse (centre) and fog signal stack (left) from the east.

During 1960, the lighthouse was modernised and electrified (with a new lamp, powered by mains electricity, replacing the PVB). At the same time a smaller optic replaced the original lens array, which was removed and donated to the Science Museum.[11] That same year, the five-minute explosive fog signal was replaced by a triple-frequency electric signal, sounded from a stack of thirty tannoy emitters positioned on the seaward edge of the compound directly in front of the lighthouse. In 1981 new automatic equipment was installed, but the fog signal was discontinued in 1988.[11]

Anvil Point Lighthouse was fully automated on 31 May 1991 and is now monitored and controlled from the Trinity House Operations Control Centre at Harwich.[12]

The lighthouse had a 1,000 watt filament lamp with an intensity of 500,000 Candela. The lights range was about 19 nautical miles (35 km; 22 mi), but was reduced to 9 nautical miles (17 km; 10 mi) following a review of aids to navigation in 2010.[13]

In 2012, an LED lamp was installed above the rotating Fresnel lens to serve as the main light at Anvil Point; its character is, as it was previously, a white flash every 10 seconds.[4] (The old lens, though no longer in use, remains in place in the tower.)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Southern England". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  2. ^ Anvil Point Lighthouse Trinity House. Retrieved 24 April 2016
  3. ^ "THE LIGHTHOUSE RESIDENTIAL BLOCK, LINK BUILDING, SHEDS (NOW USED AS GARAGE, ENGINE HOUSE FOR LIGHTS AND STORES) AND WALL AT ANVIL POINT, Swanage - 1153160 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  4. ^ a b "Anvil Point Lighthouse". Trinity House. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  5. ^ "Lighthouse lantern optics from Anvil Point Lighthouse, 1881". Science & society. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  6. ^ Chance, James Frederick (2018). A History of the Firm of Chance Brothers & Co. Sheffield: Society of Glass Manufacturers. p. 178.
  7. ^ Douglass, William Tregarthen (19 April 1884). "The New Eddystone Lighthouse". Engineering News. 11: 184.
  8. ^ US Patent grant 1883.
  9. ^ London Gazette, Issue 26487, Page 1091, 20 February 1894
  10. ^ British Islands Pilot, vol. 1. Washington DC: United States Hydrographic Office. 1915. p. 224.
  11. ^ a b Woodman, Richard; Wilson, Jane (2002). The Lighthouses of Trinity House. Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts.: Thomas Reed. pp. 96–97.
  12. ^ "Anvil Point Lighthouse". Trinity House. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
  13. ^ "Trinity House 2010 Aids to Navigation Review" (PDF). Trinity House. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2015.
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