Battle of Valutino

Battle of Valutino
Part of the French invasion of Russia
French infantry at the Battle of Valutino, by Christian Wilhelm von Faber du Faur
Date 19 August 1812[a] Location Near Smolensk, Russian Empire 54°49′23″N 32°14′28″E / 54.8231°N 32.2411°E / 54.8231; 32.2411 Result Indecisive[b]
Belligerents
French Empire	Russian Empire
Commanders and leaders
Michel Ney Jean-Andoche Junot Charles Gudin †	Barclay de Tolly Nikolay Tuchkov
Strength
35,000[2]	25,000[2]
Casualties and losses
7,000[2]–9,000[1][c]	6,000[2][3]

French invasion of Russia

500km
300miles

Valutino

Pultusk

15

Gorodeczno

14

Drohiczyn

13

Tauroggen

12

Riga

11

Tilsit

10

Warsaw

9

Berezina

8

Maloyaro-
slavets

7

Moscow

6

Borodino

5

4

Vitebsk

3

Vilna

2

Kowno

1

  

  current battle

  Prussian corps

  Napoleon

  Austrian corps

The Battle of Valutino (also called the battle of Lubino)^[d] took place on 19 August 1812, between a corps of French and allied troops led by Marshal Ney, about 35,000 strong, and a strong rear-guard of General Barclay de Tolly's Russian army of about 25,000,^[2] commanded by the general himself. The Russians were strongly posted in marshy ground, protected by a small stream, about 20 kilometers east of Smolensk. The French, attacking resolutely, captured the Russian position in the face of considerable physical obstacles.^[3][4]

Napoleon's hopes of trapping General Barclay's army were dashed when he discovered that the Russian force awaiting the French was a rearguard under General Tuchkov. Barclay's main force of three infantry and one cavalry corps was strung out near Smolensk, trying to get away from the French after the Battle of Smolensk. The rearguard then turned around to fight the French on the Stragan river.^[3][4]

After a heavy bombardment, Ney launched an assault against the Russians, crossing the Stragan but failing to capture the crest. Murat's cavalry attacks were bogged down in marshy ground and accomplished nothing. General Junot's force was close to the battlefield and was urged to attack the Russians by Murat. Junot did not engage, and the opportunity for a decisive victory passed.^[3][4]

When Napoleon heard of Junot’s failure to attack, they had been friends since their early twenties, he is said to have shouted in frustration “[Junot] will now never earn his Marshal’s Baton!”

A few hours later, Ney launched the last French attack. General Gudin led the assault and was hit by a cannonball, which removed one leg. He died three days later from infection. The French managed to capture the crest after hard fighting. By that point the majority of Barclay's army had escaped and was heading towards Lubino.^[3][4]

The French suffered around 7,000-8,800 casualties.^[2][3] The Russians lost about 6,000.^[2][3] Napoleon was furious after the battle, realizing that another good chance to trap and destroy the Russian army had been lost.

• List of battles of the French invasion of Russia

• Егоршина, Петрова (2023). История русской армии [The history of the Russian Army] (in Russian). Moscow: Edition of the Russian Imperial Library. ISBN 978-5-699-42397-2.
• Bodart, Gaston (1908). Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905). Retrieved 7 April 2021.
• Palmer, Alan Warwick (2003) [1967]. A brief history of Napoleon in Russia. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
• Riehn, Richard K. (1990). 1812 : Napoleon's Russian campaign. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780070527317. Retrieved 7 April 2021.

• Media related to Battle of Valutino at Wikimedia Commons