Jakt
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A jakt is a small, single-masted, fast sailing boat, with a wide and flat-hull, probably of Dutch origin. Jakts had split booms, with a crab mainsail and two or three jibs. They were also commonly equipped with a breifokk, a kind of jib.[1][2]
Etymology[edit]
The term jakt has its origin in the Dutch expression jacht or jachtschip, which refers to a fast sailing ship. The word is also the origin of the English term yacht, although this term describes a completely different type of boat – a large pleasure craft.[3]
Description[edit]
Jakts were primarily built as cargo ships for fjords and nearby coastal areas, but larger, later built jakts could also be used to sail across the Atlantic Ocean. This type of ship was built based on the experiences and ideas of the various shipbuilders about the construction details that offred the best properties of use.[4]
Galley-type Jakt[edit]
A later development of the design was the "Jaktegaleas," also known as a gally-type jakt. Compared to a conventional jakt, Jaktegaleas often have one stern mast (a mizzen), which is lower and larger than the forward mast. This arrangement was advantageous as it had a lower crew requirement compared to the conventional design while being larger in size.[5]
Jakt-Hardanger[edit]
A Hardangerjakt is a single-masted sailboat, with a flat hull and a round transom, rigged with a crab mainsail and jib that was a popular type of boat at the end of the 19th century. The jakt was used mainly as a cargo ship in coastal shipping, especially for transporting salted fish from Northern Norway to Western Norway.[6]
Anna af Sand is the oldest ship still afloat in Europe, launched in 1848, preserved as a typical example of a jakt-Hardanger. The ship is owned by the Stavanger Maritime Museum.
Jakt vs. jekt[edit]
The jakt and the jekt are two types of boat similar in size, but quite different by both the shape of the vessel and the construction and rigging. The terms are so similar that they are often egregiously used interchangeably. In some places the meaning of jekt has become entrenched, so that it is used for both types of craft, such as in regards to fishing boats in Ryfylke, Norway.
Jekts were usually smaller, open or half-decked boats, while the larger jakts had a full deck. Jakts were built with a smooth hull (kravell), on the other hand jekts were built with a tinged hull with Nordic techniques. The most noticeable difference is the jekt's headsail versus the jakt's bowsprit jib rig.
When the larger Hardanger jakts traveled with loads of firewood and fruit from Hardanger to the coastal towns, they often carried a smaller jekt in their cargo. In the province of Rogaland, these ships were nicknamed "Hardangergeit".
See also[edit]
- Anna Kristina - A Hardangerjakt currently a museum ship
References[edit]
- ^ Steinsund, Hans H. "Sloops in the Sognefjord trade". Encyclopedia (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2022-03-24.
- ^ "Was the Historic Vessel Vega Born in Norway?". Vega 1892. 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
- ^ J. Winge, Trebåter - Norsk kulturhistorie på sjøen, Schibsted forlag, 2002.
- ^ J.B. Godal, Tre til båtar, Landbruksforlaget, 2001.
- ^ G. Gøthesen, Norskekystens freaktemenn - Om seilfartøyer i kystfart, Norske båter bind II, Grøndahl & søn forlag A.S., 1980.
- ^ Brødrene af Sand - Ryfylkemuseet
Bibliography[edit]
- Delius, Klasing + Co (1985): Maritime Encyclopedia: A Maritime Handbook ISBN 82-512-0150-0
External links[edit]
- "Nasjonalbiblioteket". Nasjonalbiblioteket (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2024-04-17.