Jariri school
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The Jariri school is the name given to a short-lived Sunni school of fiqh that was derived from the work of al-Tabari, the 9th and 10th-century Persian Muslim scholar in Baghdad. Although it eventually became extinct, al-Tabari's madhhab flourished among Sunni ulama for two centuries after his death.[1]
Principles
[edit]University of Oxford lecturer Christopher Melchert describes the Jariri school as semi-rationalist, similar to the Shafi‘i school.[2] It also shared features with the Ẓāhirī school in addition to the Shafi‘is.[3] Al-Tabari was characterized by strong scriptural tendencies but from within a limited time frame. He appears, like Dawud al-Zahiri, to restrict consensus historically, defining it as the transmission by many authorities of reports on which the Sahaba agreed unanimously. Like Dawud al-Zahiri, he also held that consensus must be tied to a text and cannot be based on legal analogy.[4] After quoting his sources—in his major works, he depended essentially on existing written works and reports—he gives what he considers to be the most acceptable view. However, his most notable difference with his contemporaries was his is his emphasis on Ijtihad and independent exercise of judgement.[5] These views were shared by many influential scholars in history that reached the rank of Mujtahid (scholars who allowed to open their own Madhhab due to their knowledge vastness) such as Ibn Kathir, Ibn Taymiyyah,[6][7] Ibn Hazm, Bukhari,[8][broken anchor] and Zahiri Maddhab scholars.[9]
The Jariri school was frequently in conflict with the Hanafi school of Abu Hanifa. Conflict was found with the Hanafi school on the matter of juristic preference, which the Jariri school censured severely.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ Brown, Jonathan A. C. (2014). Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy. Oneworld Publications. p. 193. ISBN 978-1780744209.
Although it eventually became extinct, Tabari's madhhab flourished among Sunni scholar for two centuries after his death.
- ^ Christopher Melchert, The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th-10th Centuries C.E., pg. 69-70, 74-76, 80 and 83-86. Taken from Studies in Islamic Law and Society, Vol. 4. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1997.
- ^ Stewart, Tabari, pg. 339.
- ^ Devin J. Stewart, "Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari's al-Bayan 'an Usul al-Ahkam and the Genre of Usul al-Fiqh in Ninth Century Baghdad," pg. 339. Taken from Abbasid Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of Abbasid Studies, Cambridge, 6–10 January 2002. Edited by James Montgomery. Leuven: Peeters Publishers and the Department of Oriental Studies, 2004.
- ^ Bosworth, C. E. (2012-04-24), "al-Ṭabarī", Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Brill, retrieved 2022-07-20
- ^ Stowasser, Barbara Freyer (1996). Women in the Qur'an, Traditions, and Interpretation. Oxford University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-19-976183-8.
- ^ Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of al-Bajuri. SUNY Press. pp. 129–130. ISBN 978-1-4384-5371-2.
- ^ Lucas, Scott (2006). "The Legal Principles of Muhammad b.Ismāīl al-Bukhārī and their Relationship to Classical Salafi Islam". Islamic Law and Society. 13 (3): 290–292, 303. doi:10.1163/156851906778946341.
- ^ Stewart 2002, p. 99-158
- ^ Stewart, Devin J. (2002). "Muhammad b. Dawud al-Zahiri's Manual of Jurisprudence". In Weiss, Bernard G. (ed.). Studies in Islamic Legal Theory. Studies in Islamic law and society. Vol. 15. Leiden: Brill Publishers. p. 135. ISBN 978-90-04-12066-2.