Wupper

Wupper
Wupper
Location
Country	Germany
State	North Rhine-Westphalia
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Sauerland
• elevation	441 m (1,447 ft)
Mouth
• location	Rhine
• coordinates	51°02′43″N 6°56′27″E / 51.04528°N 6.94083°E / 51.04528; 6.94083
Length	115.8 km (72.0 mi) [1]
Basin size	813 km2 (314 sq mi) [1]
Discharge
• average	17 m3/s (600 cu ft/s)[2]
Basin features
Progression	Rhine→ North Sea
Tributaries
• left	Dhünn

The Wupper is a right tributary of the Rhine in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Rising near Marienheide in western Sauerland it runs through the mountainous region of the Bergisches Land in Berg County and enters the Rhine at Leverkusen, south of Düsseldorf. Its upper course is called the Wipper. Both names are related to "weave", and refer to the twisting course.^[3]

On its course of about 116 kilometers (72 mi), the Wupper passes through the city of Wuppertal where the suspension railway runs for 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) above the river.

It is crossed by the highest railway bridge in Germany near Müngsten, between Remscheid and Solingen. A few kilometers further down, Burg Castle is located on a hill overlooking the river.

From the 15th century, the Wupper and its numerous streams gave birth to hundreds of workshops, mills and factories on their banks. Originally water was used for dyeing, bleaching and washing canvas and cloth;^[4] later it was used to power machines or transport waste.

The Wupper thus facilitated the early industrial expansion of Wuppertal (German for "Wupper Valley") during the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries. The Wupper Valley was one of the world's first industrialized regions and empowered inter alia the Ruhr valley as a coal-mining region.

The following rivers are tributaries to the river Wupper (from source to mouth):^[1]

• Left: Gaulbach, Brunsbach, Pixwaager Bach, Dörpe, Wilhelmstaler Bach, Hardtbach, Lohbach, Nöllenberger Bach, Stoffelsberger Bach, Hofsiefen, Hengstener Bach, Steinhauser Bach, Lohmühlenbach, Herbringhauser Bach, Marscheider Bach, Eschensiepen, Blombach, Norrenberger Bach, Murmelbach, Fischertaler Bach, Springer Bach, Kothener Bach, Auer Bach, Bendahler Bach, Klusensprung, Holzer Bach, Hatzenbeck, Ossenbeck, Rutenbeck, Glasbach, Burgholzbach, Weilandsiepen, Kaltenbach, Morsbach, Eschbach, Sengbach, Weltersbach, Murbach, Wiembach, Dhünn.
• Right: Kerspe, Hönnige, Neye, Bever, Frohnhauser Bach, Wiebach, Kretzer Bach, Uelfe, Remlingrader Bach, Spreeler Bach, Steinhauserbergbach, Nebenkämper Siefen, Ehrenberger Bach, Steinbruch Siefen, Schmitteborner Bach, Hebbecke, Schwelme, Schwarzbach, Leimbach, Schönebeck, Mirker Bach, Briller Bach, Varresbeck, Lüntenbeck, Rottscheider Bach, Buchenhofener Siepen.

• On July 21, 1950, a young elephant named Tuffi, made to ride on the train by her handler as an advertising stunt, decided she did not like the ride, panicked (and panicked the other, human, passengers), burst out of the car she was riding in, and jumped or fell into the Wupper, only slightly injuring herself. In 1970 Marguerita Eckel and Ernst-Andreas Ziegler published a children's picture book about the incident, Tuffi und die Schwebebahn.
• The Wupper is cited in the German sayings: "Über die Wupper gehen", literally "To go over the Wupper", metaphorically meaning "going bankrupt", "going into jail" or "going to die".^[5]
• Else Lasker-Schüler wrote a drama entitled Die Wupper.

• List of rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wupper.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Wupper".