Lake Cushman

Lake Cushman
Twana: ʔiluʔəɬ[1]
Lake Cushman and Hood Canal, as viewed from the summit of Mt. Ellinor
Lake Cushman Show map of Washington (state) Lake Cushman Show map of the United States
Location	Mason County, Washington, United States
Coordinates	47°28′48″N 123°15′0″W / 47.48000°N 123.25000°W / 47.48000; -123.25000
Lake type	Reservoir
Primary inflows	Skokomish River
Primary outflows	Skokomish River
Basin countries	United States
Max. length	8.64 mi (13.90 km)
Max. width	1.10 mi (1.77 km)
Surface area	4,014.6 acres (16.247 km2)
Surface elevation	739 ft (225 m)
Settlements	Lake Cushman
References	[2]

Lake Cushman (Twana: ʔiluʔəɬ)^[1] is a 4,014.6-acre (16.247 km²)^[2] lake and reservoir on the north fork of the Skokomish River in Mason County, Washington. The lake originally was a long narrow broadening of the Skokomish River formed in a glacial trough and dammed by a terminal moraine from the Vashon Glaciation during the most recent ice age.

The lake was expanded after construction of the Cushman Dam No. 1. The lake is maintained by this dam and provides electrical power to the Tacoma Power system.

As a popular retreat for hiking, fishing, boating and kayaking, Lake Cushman's shoreline is dotted with resorts and rental cabins. The lake is notable for its beautiful crystal clear blue water and the huge round rocks surrounding it, as well as thick stands of hemlock, fir and cedar trees.

The Twana call Lake Cushman, as well as Mount Washington, a nearby mountain, ʔiluʔəɬ.^[1]

Lake Cushman was named in honor of Orrington Cushman, who served as interpreter for Governor Isaac Stevens during the Treaty of Point Elliott negotiations with the Indigenous peoples of Puget Sound in 1854.^[3]

Lake Cushman sits at 739 feet (225 m) above sea level and its maximum depth reaches up to 115 feet (35 m). It is estimated to be around 10 miles (16 km) in length.^{[citation needed]} The northern part of the lake (FS-24) is near the Staircase Entrance to Olympic National Park.^[4] The closest city is Hoodsport, located 5 miles (8.0 km) to the southeast via State Route 119. Surrounding the lake are Mount Ellinor, Mount Washington, Cub Peak, Mount Gladys, and Mount Rose. Access to Lake Cushman is limited during the winter months due to road closures and hazardous conditions. In an average winter, the lake water level drops by 30 feet (9.1 m).^[5]

The Skokomish people, a subgroup of the Twana, have inhabited Lake Cushman and the surrounding land since time immemorial. There was a village of the Skokomish near what is now Skokomish Park, which was, prior to the construction of the dam, the furthest south extent of the lake.^[1]

In 1889, the Antlers Hotel was built on Lake Cushman by a pair of East Coast businessmen on the property of Russell Homan. It attracted tourists from the Seattle area, who would arrive at Hoodsport by steamship and continue onward to Lake Cushman via stagecoach. The two-story hotel was destroyed in 1925 after it was inundated by rising lake waters following the construction of the Cushman Dam No. 1 by the City of Tacoma. After the property was flooded, many have attempted to search for the remains of the hotel under the lake.^[6]

In August 2020, the U.S. Forest Service temporarily closed all public roads leading to Lake Cushman due to concerns of overcrowding amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A 6-mile (9.7 km) weekend traffic jam on the lake's primary two-lane, unpaved road had caused concerns about access for emergency vehicles, including an incident where one man died of drowning. The Forest Service also cited the congregation of people as being a potential vector for spreading COVID-19 and noted several fights, assaults, and other incidents.^[7]

The Lake Cushman area offers access to multiple hiking trails:^[4]

• Big Creek Campground Trail #827
• Big Creek Trailhead
• Big Creek Upper Loop #827.1
• Copper Creek Trail #876
• Copper Creep Trailhead
• Dry Creek East Trailhead
• Dry Creek Trail #872
• Jefferson Pass Trailhead
• Mt. Ellinor Connector Trail #827.2
• Mt. Ellinor Lower Trailhead
• Mt. Ellinor Trail #812
• Mt. Ellinor Upper Trailhead

Lake Cushman has year-round open season fishing and is stocked with Kokanee salmon and Cutthroat trout.^[8] Skokomish Park is fitted with a boat ramp with three paved ramps that allows access to the lake for a small day-use fee. Boat rentals are also available at the park.^{[citation needed]}

Swimming, boating, kayaking and cliff jumping are also among the most popular activities for Lake Cushman visitors. Public access to the lake is available at Skokomish Park and Lake Cushman Resort.^[4]

The Skokomish Park campground is a former state park that was sold to private operators in 2002.^[9] The campground includes tent and RV campsites, group campsites and picnic areas.^{[10][unreliable source?]} Further away from the lake are Big Creek Campground in Olympic National Forest and Staircase Campground in Olympic National Park. Big Creek offers tent sites and RV parking and is situated 8 miles (13 km) from the lake.^[11] Staircase is 1 mile (1.6 km) from Lake Cushman and offers 47 camping sites.^[12]

The Lake Cushman Resort was permanently closed in 2018 due to the expiration of its 50-year lease with Tacoma Public Utilities.^{[13][unreliable source?]}

• Lake Levels and River Flows Archived January 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Cushman Project Settlement, Tacoma Power
• Photograph of Lake Cushman circa 1899 from the Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive, UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections Archived March 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine