Lists of earthquakes

Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. They range from weak events detectable only by seismometers, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history. Below, earthquakes are listed by period, region or country, year, magnitude, cost, fatalities, and number of scientific studies.

• Before 1900
• 1901–2000
• 2001–present

• 2001–2010
• 2011–2020
• 2021–2030

• British Isles
• Caribbean
• Levant
• South Asia

The following is a summary list of earthquakes with over approximately 100,000 deaths.^[1] The 893 Ardabil earthquake probably relate to the 893 Dvin earthquake, due to misreading of the Arabic word for Dvin, 'Dabil' as 'Ardabil'.^[2] This is regarded as a 'fake earthquake'.^[3]

Rank	Event	Date	Location	Fatalities	Magn­itude	Notes
1	1976 Tangshan earthquake	July 28, 1976	Hebei, China	242,769–700,000+	7.6	Official casualty figure is 242,769 deaths. Estimated death toll as high as 655,000. 799,000 injured.[4][5]
2	1920 Haiyuan earthquake	December 16, 1920	Ningxia–Gansu, China	273,400	7.8	Previously cited death toll was 230,000 and this figure was revised in 2010.[6][7]
3	526 Antioch earthquake	May 21, 526	Antioch, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Turkey)	250,000[8]	7.0[9]	Procopius (II.14.6), sources based on John of Ephesus.
4	1139 Ganja earthquake	September 30, 1139	Ganja, Seljuk Empire (modern-day Azerbaijan)	230,000–300,000[10]	7.0 Mw	Death toll may have been a historical conflation with earthquakes on November 1137 in the Jazira plain and the 1138 Aleppo earthquake.[11]
5	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami	December 26, 2004	Sumatra, Indonesia	227,898	9.1–9.3	Death toll includes those missing and presumed dead.[10]
6	1138 Aleppo earthquake	October 11, 1138	Aleppo, Seljuk Empire (modern-day Syria)	130,000–230,000[12]	7.1[12]	The figure of 230,000 dead is based on a historical conflation of this earthquake with earthquakes in November 1137 on the Jazira plain and the 1139 Ganja earthquakein the Azerbaijani city of Ganja. The first mention of a 230,000 death toll was by Ibn Taghribirdi in the fifteenth century.[11]
7	2010 Haiti earthquake	January 12, 2010	Haiti	100,000–316,000	7.0	Estimates vary from 316,000 (Haitian government) to 222,570 (UN OCHA estimate)[13] to 158,000 (Medicine, Conflict and Survival) to between 85,000 and 46,000 (report commissioned by USAID).[14][15]
8	1303 Hongdong earthquake	July 25, 1303	Shanxi, Yuan dynasty (modern-day China)	200,000[16]	8.0	Taiyuan and Pingyang were leveled.
9	856 Damghan earthquake	December 22, 856	Damghan, Abbasid Caliphate (modern-day Iran)	200,000	7.9 Ms
10	533 Aleppo earthquake	November 29, 533	Aleppo, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Syria)	130,000[17]	Unknown
11	1948 Ashgabat earthquake	October 6, 1948	Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR (modern-day Turkmenistan)	110,000	7.3 Ms	Previously cited death toll was 10,000 until a news release on December 9, 1988 advised that the correct death toll was 110,000.[10]
12	1923 Great Kantō earthquake	September 1, 1923	Kantō region, Japan	105,385[18]	7.9	This earthquake with an epicenter beneath Izu Ōshima Island in Sagami Bay, shook the Kantō plain on the Japanese island of Honshū at 11:58 am. Shaking duration reported between 4 and 10 minutes, devastating Tokyo, Yokohama, Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka.[19] Shaking slid the 93-ton Great Buddha statue at Kamakura almost 2 feet (0.61 m) forward. Casualty estimates range from 100,000 to 142,800, the latter figure including ≈40,000 missing later presumed dead.
13	1556 Shaanxi earthquake	January 23, 1556	Shaanxi, China	100,000+	8.0	Direct deaths thought to be just over 100,000 while about 730,000 people died from famines or migrated elsewhere.[20][21][22][23]
14	1290 Zhili earthquake	September 27, 1290	Ningcheng, Yuan dynasty (modern-day China)	100,000	6.8 Ms	Estimates also suggests lower values of at least 7,000.[24]

Date	Magnitude	Location	Depth (km)	MMI	Deaths
May 1, 1929	7.2	Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, Ahal Region	10.0	IX	3,257–3,800
July 23, 1930	6.6	Italy, Irpinia	15.0	X	1,404
August 10, 1931	8.0	China, Xinjiang Province	20.0	XI	10,000
May 20, 1932	5.4	Persia, Mazandaran province	12.0	VIII	1,070
August 25, 1933	7.3	China, Sichuan Province	15.0	X	6,865-9,300
January 15, 1934	8.0	Nepal, Koshi	15.0	X	10,700–12,000
May 30, 1935	7.7	British Raj, Khanate of Kalat	15.0	X	30,000–60,000
April 1, 1936	6.8	China, Guangxi Province	0.0	IX	1,001
July 31, 1937	6.9	China, Shandong Province	25.0	IX	3,252
April 19, 1938	6.6	Turkey, Kırşehir Province	10.0	IX	224
December 27, 1939	7.8	Turkey, Erzincan Province	20.0	XII	32,700–32,968
November 10, 1940	7.7	Romania, Vrancea County	133.0	X	1,000
January 11, 1941	5.8–6.5	Yemen, Razih District	35.0	VIII	1,200
December 20, 1942	7.0	Turkey, Erbaa	10.0	IX	3,000
November 27, 1943	7.5–7.7	Turkey, Çankırı	20.0	XI	2,824–5,000
January 15, 1944	7.0	Argentina, San Juan	15.0	IX	10,000
November 28, 1945	8.1	British Raj, Makran Coast	15.0	X	300–4,000
August 4, 1946	7.8	Dominican Republic, Samaná	15.0	IX	2,550
August 4, 1947	7.7	Peru, Junín Province	20.0	IX	233–2,233
October 6, 1948	7.3	Soviet Union, Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic	15.0	X	10,000–110,000
July 10, 1949	7.5	Soviet Union, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic	18.0	IX	7,200
August 15, 1950	8.6	India, Assam	15.0	XI	4,800
May 6, 1951	5.9–6.2	El Salvador, Usulután	85.0	VIII	400–1,100
November 5, 1952	9.0	Soviet Union, Russian Soviet Socialist Republic	21.6	XI	2,336
March 18, 1953	7.5	Turkey, Balıkesir Province	10.0	IX	1,070
September 9, 1954	6.7	France, Chlef Province, Algeria	15.0	XI	1,243–1,409
March 31, 1955	7.4	Philippines, Western Mindanao	35.0	VIII	465
October 31, 1956	6.4	Iran, Hormozgan	15.0	VII	347
December 13, 1957	6.5	Iran, Hamadan	15.0	VII	1,130
August 16, 1958	6.7	Iran, Lorestan	15.0	VII	132
August 18, 1959	7.3	United States, Montana	5.0	X	28
February 29, 1960	5.8	Morocco, Souss-Massa	15.0	X	12,000–15,000
June 11, 1961	6.4	Iran, Fars province	15.0	VIII	60
September 1, 1962	7.1	Iran, Qazvin province	10.0	IX	12,225
July 26, 1963	6.1	Yugoslavia, Macedonia	15.0	X	1,070
March 27, 1964	9.2	United States, Alaska	25.0	XI	131
March 28, 1965	7.4–7.6	Chile, Valparaíso Region	70.0	IX	400–500
March 22, 1966	6.8	China, Hebei	20.0	IX	8,064
July 29, 1967	6.6	Venezuela, Vargas	25.0	VIII	225–300
August 31, 1968	7.1	Iran, South Khorasan Province	10.0	X	15,900
July 25, 1969	6.4	China, Guangdong	20.0	VIII	3,000
May 31, 1970	7.9	Peru, Ancash	45.0	VIII	66,794–70,000
May 22, 1971	6.6	Turkey, Bingöl	10.0	VIII	875[25]
April 10, 1972	6.7	Iran, Fars	10.0	IX	5,374
February 6, 1973	7.6	China, Sichuan	11.0	X	2,175–2,204
May 10, 1974	7.1	China, Yunnan	14.0	IX	1,641–20,000
September 6, 1975	6.7	Turkey, Diyarbakır	26.0	IX	2,311
July 28, 1976	7.6	China, Hebei	12.2	XI	242,719–655,000
March 4, 1977	7.5	Romania, Vrancea	85.3	IX	1,700
September 16, 1978	7.4	Iran, Yazd	33.0	IX	15,000–25,000
December 12, 1979	8.2	Colombia, Nariño	33.0	IX	300–600
October 10, 1980	7.1	Algeria, Chlef	10.0	X	2,633–5,000
June 11, 1981	6.6	Iran, Kerman	33.0	VIII	3,000
December 13, 1982	6.2	North Yemen, Dhamar	10.0	VIII	2,800
October 30, 1983	6.6	Turkey, Erzurum	15.0	IX	1,340
September 13, 1984	6.3	Japan, Nagano	2.0	VIII	14
September 19, 1985	8.0	Mexico, Michoacán	20.0	IX	5,000–45,000
October 10, 1986	5.7	El Salvador, San Salvador	10.0	IX	1,000–1,500
March 6, 1987	7.1	Ecuador, Sucumbíos	10.0	IX	1,000
December 7, 1988	6.8	Soviet Union, Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic	5.0	X	25,000–50,000
January 23, 1989	5.3	Soviet Union, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic	33.0	VII	274
June 21, 1990	7.4	Iran, Gilan	18.5	X	35,000–40,000
October 20, 1991	6.8	India, Uttar Pradesh	11.6	IX	768–2,000[26]
December 12, 1992	7.8	Indonesia, Flores Sea offshore	27.7	VIII	2,500[27]
September 29, 1993	6.2	India, Maharashtra	10.0	VIII	9,748
June 6, 1994	6.8	Colombia, Cauca	12.1	IX	1,100
January 17, 1995	6.9	Japan, Kobe	21.9	XI	5,502–6,434
February 3, 1996	6.6	China, Yunnan	10.0	X	309–322
May 10, 1997	7.3	Iran, Khorasan	10.0	X	1,567
May 30, 1998	6.5	Afghanistan, Takhar	33.0	VII	4,000–4,500
August 17, 1999	7.6	Turkey, İzmit	17.0	X	17,127–18,373
June 4, 2000	7.9	Indonesia, Enggano Island offshore	44.0	VI	103[28]
January 26, 2001	7.6	India, Bhuj	16.0	X	13,805–20,023
March 25, 2002	6.1	Afghanistan, Baghlan Province	8.0	VII	1,200
December 26, 2003	6.6	Iran, Bam	15.0	IX	34,000
December 26, 2004	9.2–9.3	Indonesia, Sumatra offshore	30.0	IX	227,898
October 8, 2005	7.6	Pakistan, Balakot	15.0	XI	86,000–87,351
May 27, 2006	6.4	Indonesia, Yogyakarta	10.0	IX	5,749[29]
August 15, 2007	8.0	Peru, Ica offshore	39.0	IX	595
May 12, 2008	7.9	China, Sichuan	19.0	XI	87,587
September 30, 2009	7.6	Indonesia, Padang offshore	90.0	VII[30]	1,115
January 12, 2010	7.0	Haiti, Léogâne	13.0	X	100,000–316,000
March 11, 2011	9.1	Japan, Sendai offshore	29.0	IX	19,759
August 11, 2012	6.4	Iran, East Azerbaijan	9.0	VIII	306
September 24, 2013	7.7	Pakistan, Balochistan	15.0	IX	825
August 3, 2014	6.1	China, Yunnan	10.0	IX	617
April 25, 2015	7.8	Nepal, Gorkha District	8.2	X	8,962
April 16, 2016	7.8	Ecuador, Esmeraldas	20.6	VIII[31]	676
November 12, 2017	7.3	Iran–Iraq border Region	19.0	IX	630
September 28, 2018	7.5	Indonesia, Palu	20.0	X	4,340
November 26, 2019	6.4	Albania, Durrës	10.0	VIII	51
October 30, 2020	7.0	Greece  Turkey Aegean Sea	21.0	VIII	119
August 14, 2021	7.2	Haiti, Nippes	10.0	IX	2,248
June 21, 2022	6.0	Afghanistan, Khost	10.0	VIII	1,052–1,163
February 6, 2023	7.8 & 7.7	Turkey, Southeastern Anatolia  Syria, Aleppo and Idlib	10.0 & 7.4	XII	59,488–62,013
January 1, 2024	7.5	Japan, Ishikawa	10.0	X	412

For those which occurred before the development and deployment of seismographs – starting around 1900 – magnitudes are estimated from historical reports of the extent and severity of damage.^[33]

Rank	Date	Location	Event	Magnitude
1	May 22, 1960	Valdivia, Chile	1960 Valdivia earthquake	9.4–9.6
2	March 27, 1964	Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States	1964 Alaska earthquake	9.2–9.3[34]
3	December 26, 2004	Sumatra, Indonesia	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake	9.2–9.3[35][36]
4	March 11, 2011	Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan	2011 Tōhoku earthquake	9.0–9.1[37][38]
5	November 4, 1952	Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake	9.0
6	January 31, 1906	Ecuador – Colombia	1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake	8.8
7	February 27, 2010	Maule, Chile	2010 Chile earthquake	8.8
8	February 3, 1965	Rat Islands, Alaska, United States	1965 Rat Islands earthquake	8.7
9	August 15, 1950	Assam, India – Tibet, China	1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake	8.6–8.7[39]
10	April 1, 1946	Aleutian Islands, Alaska, United States	1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake	8.6
11	March 28, 2005	Sumatra, Indonesia	2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake	8.6
12	March 9, 1957	Andreanof Islands, Alaska, United States	1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake	8.6
13	April 11, 2012	Sumatra, Indonesia	2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes	8.6
14	November 10, 1922	Atacama, Chile	1922 Vallenar earthquake	8.5–8.6
15	February 1, 1938	Banda Sea, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1938 Banda Sea earthquake	8.5–8.6
16	October 13, 1963	Kuril Islands, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	1963 Kuril Islands earthquake	8.5

Date	Location	Event	Magnitude
July 8, 1730	Valparaíso, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1730 Valparaíso earthquake	9.1–9.3 (est.)[40]
October 17, 1737	Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Empire	1737 Kamchatka earthquake	9.0–9.3 (est.)
November 17, 1837	Valdivia, Chile	1837 Valdivia earthquake	8.8–9.5 (est.)[41]
August 31, 1420	Pacific Ocean, Atacama region (now Atacama, Chile)	1420 Caldera earthquake	8.8–9.4 (est.)
December 16, 1575	Valdivia, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1575 Valdivia earthquake	9.0 (est.)
November 24, 1604	Arica, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1604 Arica earthquake	9.0 (est.)
October 28, 1707	Pacific Ocean, Shikoku region, Japan	1707 Hōei earthquake	8.7–9.3 (est.) [42]
November 25, 1833	Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1833 Sumatra earthquake	8.8–9.2 (est.)
May 17, 1841	Kamchatka, Russian Empire	1841 Kamchatka earthquake	9.0 (est.)
January 26, 1700	Pacific Ocean, US, and Canada (then claimed by the Spanish Empire and the British Empire)	1700 Cascadia earthquake	8.7–9.2 (est.)
August 13, 1868	Arica, Chile (then Peru)	1868 Arica earthquake	8.5–9.3 (est.)
July 13, 869	Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan	869 Jōgan earthquake	8.6–9.0 (est.)
November 26, 1852	Banda Islands, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1852 Banda Sea earthquake	8.8 (est.)[43]
May 9, 1877	Iquique, Chile (then Peru)	1877 Iquique earthquake	8.7–8.9 (est.)
November 1, 1755	Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1755 Lisbon earthquake	8.5–9.0 (est.)
October 20, 1687	Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1687 Peru earthquake	8.7 (est.)
October 28, 1746		1746 Lima–Callao earthquake	8.6–8.8 (est.)
April 2, 1762	Chittagong, Bangladesh (then Kingdom of Mrauk U)	1762 Arakan earthquake	8.5–8.8 (est.)
September 20, 1498	Pacific Ocean, Chūbu region, Japan	1498 Meiō earthquake	8.6 (est.)
March 28, 1787	Oaxaca, Mexico (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1787 New Spain earthquake	8.6 (est.)
February 2, 1816	Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1816 North Atlantic earthquake	8.6 (est.)
July 21, 365	Mediterranean Sea, Crete, Greece	365 Crete earthquake	8.5+ (est.)
August 24, 1356	Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1356 Lisbon earthquake [pt]	8.5 (est.)
June 6, 1505	Himalayas, northern Nepal	1505 Lo Mustang earthquake	8.2–8.8 (est.)
July 25, 1668	Shandong, China	1668 Shandong earthquake	8.5 (est.)[44]
May 24, 1751	Concepción, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1751 Concepción earthquake	8.5 (est.)
March 31, 1761	Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1761 Lisbon earthquake	8.5 (est.)[45]
April 4, 1819	Copiapó, Chile	1819 Copiapó earthquake	8.5 (est.)[41]
November 19, 1822	Valparaíso, Chile	1822 Valparaíso earthquake	8.5 (est.)
February 20, 1835	Concepción, Chile	1835 Concepción earthquake	8.5 (est.)
February 8, 1843	Guadeloupe region, Lesser Antilles	1843 Guadeloupe earthquake	8.5 (est.)[46]
February 16, 1861	Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1861 Sumatra earthquake	8.5 (est.)
June 15, 1896	Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Empire of Japan	1896 Sanriku earthquake	8.5 (est.)

Year	Date	Magnitude	Location	Depth (km)	MMI	Deaths	Injuries
1937	January 7, 1937[47]	7.8	China, Qinghai	15.0	VIII	0	0
1938	February 1, 1938	8.5–8.6	Dutch East Indies, Maluku offshore	60.0	VII	0	0
1939	December 21, 1939[48]	8.1	Dutch East Indies, Central Sulawesi offshore	150.0	VII	0	0
1940	May 24, 1940	8.2	Peru, Lima	45.0	VIII	179–300	3,500
1941	November 18, 1941	8.0	Japan, Miyazaki offshore	35.0	VII	2	0
1942	August 24, 1942	8.2	Peru, Ica	35.0	IX	30	25
1943	April 6, 1943	7.9–8.2	Chile, Coquimbo	35.0	VIII	11	0
1944	December 7, 1944	8.1	Japan, Wakayama offshore	30.0	VIII	1,223	2,135
1945	November 27, 1945	8.1	India, Balochistan offshore	15.0	X	4,000	0
1946	April 1, 1946	8.6	United States, Alaska offshore	15.0	VI	173	0
1947	May 27, 1947[49]	7.6	Dutch East Indies, Papua offshore	15.0	VI	0	0
	November 1, 1947		Peru, Junin	20.0	IX	233	0
1948	January 24, 1948	7.8	Philippines, Panay	15.0	X	50	0
1949	August 22, 1949	8.0	Canada, Haida Gwaii	10.0	VIII	0	0
1950	August 15, 1950	8.6	India–China, Assam–Tibet border region	15.0	XI	4,800	0
1951	November 24, 1951	7.8	Taiwan, East Rift Valley	30.0	VII	85	1,200
1952	November 4, 1952	9.0	Soviet Union, Kamchatka	21.6	XI	2,336	0
1953	November 25, 1953[50]	7.9	Japan, Yokohama	25.0	V	1	0
1954	March 29, 1954[51]	7.8	Spain, Andalusia	626.2	IV	0	0
1955	February 27, 1955[52]	7.5	New Zealand, Kermadec Islands	15.0	I	0	0
1956	July 9, 1956	7.7	Greece, Dodecanese Islands	20.0	IX	56	0
1957	March 9, 1957	8.6–9.1	United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska	25.0	VIII	2	0
1958	November 6, 1958	8.3	Soviet Union, Kuril Islands	35.0	X	0	51
1959	May 4, 1959	7.9	Soviet Union, Kamchatka	55.0	VIII	1	13
1960	May 22, 1960	9.5	Chile, Valdivia	25.0	XII	6,000	11,000
1961	August 19, 1961[53]	7.6	Peru, Madre de Dios Region	612.2	IV	0	0
1962	May 21, 1962[54]	7.5	Fiji offshore	390.0	I	0	0
1963	October 13, 1963	8.5	Soviet Union, Kuril Islands	35.0	IX	0	0
1964	March 27, 1964	9.1–9.2	Alaska, Prince William Sound	25.0	XI	131	0
1965	February 3, 1965	8.7	Alaska, Aleutian Islands	30.3	VI	0	0
1966	October 17, 1966	8.1	Peru, Arequipa	38.0	IX	125	3,000
1967	July 22, 1967	7.4	Turkey, Sakarya Province	30.0	X	86	0
1968	May 16, 1968	8.3	Japan, Hokkaidō	26.0	VIII	52	330
1969	August 11, 1969[55]	8.2	Soviet Union, Kuril Islands	30.0	VIII	0	0
1970	July 31, 1970	8.0	Colombia, Amazonas Department	644.8	IV	1	4
1971	July 26, 1971	8.1	Papua New Guinea, Kokopo	37.0	IX	3	5
1972	1972[56]	8.0	Philippines, Mindanao	60.0	VII	0	0
1973	June 17, 1973	7.8	Japan, Hokkaidō	43.3	VIII	0	27
1974	October 3, 1974	8.1	Peru, Lima	13.0	IX	78	2,400
1975	May 26, 1975	7.9	north Atlantic Ocean	33.0	VI	0	0
1976	August 17, 1976	8.0	Philippines, Moro Gulf	33.0	VIII	8,000	10,000
1977	August 19, 1977	8.3	Indonesia, Bima	25.0	VI	189	1,100
1978	June 12, 1978	7.7	Japan, Miyagi	44.0	VIII	28	1,325
1979	December 12, 1979	8.2	Colombia, Nariño offshore  Ecuador, Esmeraldas offshore	24.0	IX	600	0
1980	July 17, 1980[57]	7.7	Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands	33.0	VI	0	0
1981	September 1, 1981[58]	7.6	New Zealand, offshore	25.0	IV	0	0
1982	June 19, 1982	7.3	El Salvador, offshore	73.0	VII	43	0
1983	March 18, 1983[59]	7.7	Papua New Guinea, New Ireland	70.0	VII	0	0
	May 26, 1983		Japan, off the coast of Honshu	15.1	VIII	104	324
1984	February 7, 1984[60]	7.6	Solomon Islands, Honiara	18.1	VIII	0	0
1985	September 19, 1985	8.0	Mexico, Mexico City	27.9	IX	10,000	30,000
1986	May 7, 1986[61]	8.0	United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska	19.0	VII	0	0
1987	November 30, 1987[62]	7.9	United States, Gulf of Alaska	10.0	VI	0	0
1988	March 6, 1988[63]	7.7	, Gulf of Alaska	15.0	V	0	0
1989	May 23, 1989[64]	8.0	Australia, Macquarie Island	10.0	V	0	0
1990	July 16, 1990	7.7	Philippines, Luzon	24.4	IX	1,621	3,000
1991	April 22, 1991	7.6	Costa Rica, Limón	10.0	IX	127	759
1992	December 12, 1992	7.8	Indonesia, Sunda Islands	23.5	VIII	2,500	0
1993	August 8, 1993	7.8	Guam, Offshore	59.3	IX	0	71
1994	October 5, 1994	8.3	Russia, Kuril Islands	3.0	IX	12	1,742
1995	July 30, 1995	8.0	Chile, Antofagasta	30.5	VII	3	59
1996	February 17, 1996	8.2	Indonesia, Biak	11.5	VIII	166	423
1997	December 5, 1997[65]	7.8	Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula	23.5	VIII	0	0
1998	March 25, 1998	8.1	Antarctica, Balleny Islands	10.0	–	0	0
1999	September 21, 1999	7.7	Taiwan, Nantou County	15.5	IX	2,444	11,305
2000	November 16, 2000	8.0	Papua New Guinea, New Ireland	13.0	VII	2	0
2001	June 23, 2001	8.4	Peru, Arequipa	33.0	VIII	145	2,713
2002	November 3, 2002	7.9	United States, Alaska	4.2	IX	0	1
2003	September 26, 2003	8.3	Japan, Hokkaidō	23.5	IX	0	849
2004	December 26, 2004	9.2–9.3	Indonesia, Sumatra	10.0	IX	227,898	125,000
2005	March 28, 2005	8.6	Indonesia, Simeulue	21.0	IX	1313	300
2006	November 15, 2006	8.3	Russia, Kuril Islands	10.0	VI	0	1
2007	September 12, 2007	8.4	Indonesia, Sumatra	34.0	VIII	23	0
2008	May 12, 2008	7.9	China, Sichuan	19.0	XI	87,587	374,177
2009	September 29, 2009	8.1	Samoa, Offshore	18.0	VII	189	7
2010	February 27, 2010	8.8	Chile, Concepción	22.9	IX	550	12,000
2011	March 11, 2011	9.0–9.1	Japan, Honshu	29.0	IX	19,747	6,000
2012	April 11, 2012	8.6	Indonesia, Indian Ocean	20.0	VII	10	12
2013	May 24, 2013	8.3	Russia, Sea of Okhotsk	598.1	VI	0	0
2014	April 1, 2014	8.2	Chile, Iquique	25.0	VIII	6	9
2015	September 16, 2015	8.3	Chile, Coquimbo	22.4	IX	21	34
2016	December 17, 2016	7.9	Papua New Guinea, New Ireland	94.5	VII	0	0
2017	September 7, 2017	8.2	Mexico, Chiapas	47.4	IX	98	250
2018	August 19, 2018	8.2	Fiji, offshore	600.0	V	0	0
2019	May 26, 2019	8.0	Peru, Loreto	122.6	VIII	2	0
2020	July 22, 2020	7.8	United States, Alaska Peninsula offshore	28.0	VII	0	0
2021	July 28, 2021	8.2	United States, Alaska Peninsula offshore	32.2	VII	0	0
2022	September 11, 2022	7.6	Papua New Guinea, Morobe	61.4	VIII	21	42
	September 19, 2022		Mexico, Michoacán	25.5	VIII	2	35
2023	February 6, 2023	7.8	Turkey, Southeastern Anatolia	17.9	XII	59,488–62,013	121,704
2024	January 1, 2024	7.5	Japan, Ishikawa	10.0	X	412	1,339

• This list is a work in progress. Information is likely to be changed.
• The list refers to current country boundaries rather than those at the date of the earthquake.
• Please note, multiple countries could have the same earthquake listed, such as the 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake being listed for both Ecuador and Colombia.
• Unless otherwise noted, magnitudes are reported on the Moment magnitude scale (M_w).

Country/Territory	Magnitude	Date	More information
Afghanistan	7.8	November 15, 1921	[66]
Albania	6.7	November 30, 1967	[67]
Algeria	7.1	October 10, 1980	1980 El Asnam earthquake
American Samoa	6.4	October 11, 1944	[68]
Andorra	6.7 Me	February 2, 1428	1428 Catalonia earthquake
Angola	6.0	May 24, 1914	[69]
Anguilla	6.3	February 16, 1906	[70]
Antarctica	8.1	March 25, 1998	1998 Balleny Islands earthquake
Antigua and Barbuda	8.0 Ms	April 16, 1690	[71]
Argentina	7.5	November 23, 1977	1977 San Juan earthquake
Armenia	6.8 Ms	December 7, 1988	1988 Armenian earthquake
Australia	8.0	May 23, 1989	[72]
Austria	5.6–6.5	September 15, 1590	1590 Neulengbach earthquake
Azerbaijan	7.0–7.3	September 30, 1139	1139 Ganja earthquake
Bangladesh	8.5–8.8	April 2, 1762	1762 Arakan earthquake
Barbados	6.5	February 18, 2014 & July 16, 2015	[73][74]
Belgium	6.0–6.5 Ms	September 18, 1692	1692 Northwestern Europe earthquake
Belize	4.7 mb	June 28, 1985	[75]
Benin	4.4 mb	September 11, 2009	[76]
Bhutan	7.6–8.6	May 4, 1714	1714 Bhutan earthquake
Bolivia	8.2	June 9, 1994	1994 Bolivia earthquake
Bosnia and Herzegovina	6.1	October 27, 1969	1969 Banja Luka earthquake
Botswana	6.7 ML	October 11, 1952	[77]
Brazil	7.6	November 9, 1963	[78]
British Indian Ocean Territory	7.3	November 30, 1983	1983 Chagos Archipelago earthquake
Brunei	5.2 mb	February 22, 1992	[79]
Bulgaria	7.2	March 31, 1901 & April 4, 1904	1901 Black Sea earthquake & 1904 Kresna earthquakes
Burundi	5.4	October 30, 1966	[80]
Cameroon	5.9	September 12, 1945	[81]
Canada	8.7–9.2	January 26, 1700	1700 Cascadia earthquake
Cape Verde	6.5	August 15, 1941	[82]
Caribbean Netherlands	5.2	March 10, 2017	[83]
Cayman Islands	7.7	January 28, 2020	2020 Caribbean earthquake
Central African Republic	4.9 mb	February 6, 1994	[84]
Chile	9.4–9.6	May 22, 1960	1960 Valdivia earthquake
China	8.6	August 15, 1950	1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	7.9	June 18, 2000	[85]
Colombia	8.8	January 31, 1906	1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Comoros	6.2	August 23, 1918	[86]
Congo	5.2	April 26, 1998	[87]
Costa Rica	7.7	April 22, 1991	1991 Limon earthquake
Croatia	6.7	July 2, 1898	1898 Trilj earthquake
Cuba	7.1	February 20, 1917	[88]
Cyprus	7.0–7.5	May 11, 1222	1222 Cyprus earthquake
Czech Republic	4.8 ML	December 23, 1985	[89]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	6.9	December 13, 1910	[90]
Denmark	4.4 mb	February 19, 2010	[91]
Djibouti	6.5	August 20, 1989	[92]
Dominica	6.4	January 8, 1959	[93]
Dominican Republic	7.8	August 4, 1946	1946 Dominican Republic earthquake
East Timor	7.2	September 29, 1905	[94]
Ecuador	8.8	January 31, 1906	1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Egypt	7.3	November 22, 1995	1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake
El Salvador	8.0 MI	December 19, 1862	[95]
Equatorial Guinea	4.9 mb	March 28, 1999	[96]
Eritrea	6.6	December 28, 1977	[97]
Estonia	4.5–4.7 mb	October 25, 1976	Osmussaar earthquake
Eswatini	4.4 mb	August 4, 1987	[98]
Ethiopia	6.5	August 25, 1906	[99]
Fiji	8.2	August 19, 2018	2018 Fiji earthquakes
Finland	4.7 Muk	November 4, 1898	[100]
France	6.4–6.5 Muk	January 25, 1799	1799 Vendée earthquake
French Guiana	6.9	August 4, 1885	[101]
French Polynesia	5.6	March 6, 1965	[102]
Gabon	6.0	September 23, 1974	[103]
Georgia (country)	7.0	April 29, 1991	1991 Racha earthquake
Germany	6.4 ML	February 18, 1756	1756 Düren earthquake
Ghana	6.4	June 22, 1939	[104]
Greece	8.5+	July 21, 365	365 Crete earthquake
Greenland	7.4	November 20, 1933	1933 Baffin Bay earthquake
Grenada	7.0 Ms	December 3, 1831	[105]
Guadeloupe	8.5 Muk	February 8, 1843	1843 Guadeloupe earthquake
Guam	7.8	August 8, 1993	1993 Guam earthquake
Guatemala	7.7	August 6, 1942	1942 Guatemala earthquake
Guinea	6.3	December 22, 1983	1983 Guinea earthquake
Guyana	5.5	January 31, 2021	[106]
Haiti	8.1 Ms	May 7, 1842	1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake
Honduras	7.5	January 10, 2018	2018 Swan Islands earthquake
Hong Kong	3.8 ML	January 5, 2020	[107]
Hungary	6.2–6.5	June 28, 1763	1763 Komárom earthquake
Iceland	7.0	January 22, 1910	[108]
India	8.6	August 15, 1950	1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Indonesia	9.2–9.3	December 26, 2004	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
Iran	7.9 Ms	December 22, 856	856 Damghan earthquake
Iraq	7.0	September 22, 1666	[109]
Ireland	4.0 ML	June 6, 2012	[110]
Israel	7.3	December 5, 1033	1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Italy	7.4	January 11, 1693	1693 Sicily earthquake
Jamaica	7.7	January 28, 2020	2020 Caribbean earthquake
Japan	9.0–9.1	March 11, 2011	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
Jersey	5.4	July 30, 1926	[111]
Jordan	7.3	December 5, 1033	1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Kazakhstan	8.0	July 11, 1889 & January 3, 1911	1889 Chilik earthquake & 1911 Kebin earthquake
Kenya	6.7	January 6, 1928	[112]
Kiribati	5.9 mb	May 23, 1982	[113]
Kosovo	6.1 ML	February 26, 1755 & August 10, 1921	[114]
Kuwait	4.7 mb	June 2, 1993 & November 11, 2020	[115][116]
Kyrgyzstan	8.0	July 11, 1889 & January 3, 1911	1889 Chilik earthquake & 1911 Kebin earthquake
Laos	6.7	December 22, 1925	[117]
Lebanon	7.5	July 9, 551	551 Beirut earthquake
Liberia	4.5 mb	November 25, 1995	[118]
Libya	6.8	April 19, 1935	[119]
Liechtenstein	3.6	December 12, 2013	[120]
Luxembourg	2.9 ML	September 3, 1986	[121]
Madagascar	6.2	July 4, 1919	[122]
Malawi	6.3	March 10, 1989	1989 Malawi earthquake
Malaysia	6.6	August 11, 1923	[123]
Maldives	7.4	February 29, 1944	[124]
Mali	4.2 mb	January 11, 1999	[125]
Malta	5.5	April 21, 2023	[126]
Marshall Islands	5.7	March 22, 1982	[127]
Martinique	7.5–8.0	January 11, 1839	1839 Martinique earthquake
Mauritania	4.6 mb	September 3, 1993 & March 1, 2012	[128][129]
Mauritius	6.4	June 19, 1976	[130]
Mayotte	5.9	May 15, 2018	[131]
Mexico	8.6	March 28, 1787	1787 New Spain earthquake
Federated States of Micronesia	7.8	August 16, 1911	[132]
Moldova	3.9 mb	April 2, 1988	[133]
Monaco	6.3	July 19, 1963	[134]
Mongolia	8.3	July 23, 1905	1905 Bolnai earthquake
Montenegro	6.9	April 15, 1979	1979 Montenegro earthquake
Morocco	6.8	November 27, 1755 & September 8, 2023	1755 Meknes earthquake & 2023 Al Haouz earthquake
Mozambique	7.0	February 22, 2006	2006 Mozambique earthquake
Myanmar	8.5–8.8	April 2, 1762	1762 Arakan earthquake
Namibia	5.4	April 4, 2021	[135]
Nepal	8.2–8.8	June 6, 1505	1505 Lo Mustang earthquake
Netherlands	5.3	April 13, 1992	1992 Roermond earthquake
New Caledonia	7.9	August 9, 1901	[136]
New Zealand	8.2	January 23, 1855 & May 1, 1917	1855 Wairarapa earthquake[137]
Nicaragua	7.7	September 2, 1992	1992 Nicaragua earthquake
Niger	4.6 mb	January 18, 2017	[138]
Nigeria	4.5 mb	March 7, 2000	[139]
North Korea	7.7	September 29, 1973	[140]
North Macedonia	6.7	March 8, 1931	[141]
Northern Mariana Islands	7.7	December 28, 1940 & July 29, 2016	[142][143]
Norway	6.8	August 30, 2012	[144]
Oman	5.7	March 30, 1966	[145]
Pakistan	8.1	November 28, 1945	1945 Balochistan earthquake
Palau	6.5	May 31, 1982	[146]
Palestine	7.3	December 5, 1033	1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Panama	7.9–8.3 Ms	September 7, 1882	1882 Panama earthquake
Papua New Guinea	8.2	May 6, 1919	[147]
Paraguay	6.5	February 28, 1989	[148]
Peru (now part of present-day Chile)	8.5–9.3	August 13, 1868	1868 Arica earthquake
Philippines	8.3	August 15, 1918	1918 Celebes Sea earthquake
Poland	5.6	December 3, 1786	[149]
Portugal	8.5–9.0	November 1, 1755	1755 Lisbon earthquake
Puerto Rico	8.0	May 2, 1787	1787 Boricua earthquake
Réunion	5.3 mb	April 5, 2007	[150]
Romania	7.9	October 26, 1802	1802 Vrancea earthquake
Russia	9.0–9.3	October 16, 1737	1737 Kamchatka earthquake
Rwanda	5.9	February 3, 2008	2008 Lake Kivu earthquake
Saint Barthélemy	5.4	November 18, 1990	[151]
Saint Kitts and Nevis	6.5	March 16, 1985	[152]
Saint Lucia	7.3	March 19, 1953	[153]
Saint Martin	5.0	July 4, 2012	[154]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	7.2	November 18, 1929	1929 Grand Banks earthquake
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	6.1	July 6, 1940	[155]
Samoa	8.3–8.5	June 25, 1917	1917 Samoa earthquake
São Tomé and Príncipe	5.5	December 19, 2019	[156]
Saudi Arabia	7.3	November 22, 1995	1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake
Senegal	5.5	May 21, 1986	[157]
Serbia	6.0	May 15, 1927	[158]
Seychelles	5.2 mb	April 28, 1995	[159]
Slovakia	6.2–6.5	June 28, 1763	1763 Komárom earthquake
Slovenia	6.1 ML	April 14, 1895	1895 Ljubljana earthquake
Solomon Islands	8.1	April 1, 2007	2007 Solomon Islands earthquake
Somalia	6.0	January 22, 1929	[160]
South Africa	6.8	December 31, 1932	[161]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	8.1–8.3	August 12, 2021	2021 South Sandwich Islands earthquakes
South Korea	7.5	June 26, 1681	1681 Yangyang earthquake [ko]
South Sudan	7.2	May 20, 1990	1990 South Sudan earthquakes
Spain	7.8	March 29, 1954	[162]
Sri Lanka	5.7	August 30, 1973	[163]
Sudan	6.0	May 12, 1938	[164]
Switzerland	6.0–7.1	October 18, 1356	1356 Basel earthquake
Syria	7.6 Ms	May 20, 1202	1202 Syria earthquake
Taiwan	8.2	June 5, 1920	1920 Hualien earthquake
Tajikistan	7.5	July 10, 1949	1949 Khait earthquake
Tanzania	7.0	July 8, 1919	[165]
Thailand	6.1	May 5, 2014	2014 Mae Lao earthquake
Tonga	8.3–8.5	June 25, 1917	1917 Samoa earthquake
Trinidad and Tobago	7.5 Mfa	January 10, 1888	[166]
Tunisia	7.2 or less	October 9, 859	[167]
Turkey	7.8–8.0 Ms	August 17, 1668	1668 North Anatolia earthquake
Turkmenistan	8.2 Ms	July 7, 1895	[168]
Tuvalu	5.4	February 5, 1983	[169]
Uganda	6.5	June 30, 1952	[170]
Ukraine	6.7	September 11, 1927	1927 Crimean earthquakes
United Arab Emirates	5.0	March 11, 2002	[171]
United Kingdom	6.1 ML	June 7, 1931	1931 Dogger Bank earthquake
United States	9.2–9.3	March 27, 1964	1964 Alaska earthquake
U.S. Virgin Islands	7.2	November 18, 1867	1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami
Uruguay	5.5 Ms	June 5, 1888	1888 Río de la Plata earthquake
Uzbekistan	7.4 Ms	October 21, 1907	1907 Qaratog earthquake
Vanuatu	8.1	September 20, 1920	[172]
Venezuela	7.6–7.7	April 29, 1894 & October 29, 1900	1894 Venezuelan earthquake[173] & 1900 San Narciso earthquake
Vietnam	6.8	November 1, 1935	[174]
Wallis and Futuna	7.6	May 23, 1956	[175]
Yemen	6.7	December 18, 1908	[176]
Zambia	6.5	May 1, 1919	[177]
Zimbabwe	5.5	September 25, 1963	[178]

This is the top ten major earthquakes by the dollar value of property (public and private) losses directly attributable to the earthquake.

Rank	Event	Location	Magnitude	Property damage
1	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami	Japan	9.1	$360 billion[179][180]
2	1995 Great Hanshin earthquake	Japan	6.9	$200 billion[181]
3	2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes	Turkey Syria	7.8	$163.6 billion[182][183]
4	2008 Sichuan earthquake	China	7.9	$150 billion[184]
5	2011 Christchurch earthquake	New Zealand	6.3	$40 billion[185]
6	2004 Chūetsu earthquake	Japan	6.6	$28 billion[186][187]
7	2011 Sikkim earthquake	India	6.9	$22.3 billion[188]
8	1999 İzmit earthquake	Turkey	7.6	$20 billion[186]
9	2009 L'Aquila earthquake	Italy	6.3	$16 billion[189]
10	2012 Northern Italy earthquakes	Italy	6.1	$15.8 billion[190]

The 50 most studied earthquakes according to the International Seismological Centre (ISC), based on a count of scientific papers (mostly in English) that discuss that earthquake. The "Event #" is linked to the ISC Event Bibliography for that event.