List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index

From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

States and union
territories of India
ordered by

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A territory scores a higher level of HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the gross national income GNI (PPP) per capita is higher.

As per United Nations Development Programme, India had a HDI of 0.434 in 1990, which steadily increased and reached 0.490 in 2000, and 0.572 in 2010.[1] As per the latest report, the HDI climbed to 0.685 in 2023 from 0.676 in 2022, which placed India in the medium category and ranked it 130th out of 193 countries.[2]

The various Indian states and union territories have significant variations in HDI. Goa had the highest HDI amongst the Indian states with Bihar ranking last.[3]

UNDP

Rank State/Union Territory HDI (2022)[3]
High
1 Goa 0.760
2 Kerala 0.758
3 Chandigarh 0.751
4 Puducherry 0.741
5 New Delhi 0.734
6 Jammu and Kashmir 0.720
7 Lakshadweep 0.719
8 Himachal Pradesh 0.715
9 Sikkim 0.712
10 Mizoram 0.709
11 Andaman and Nicobar 0.706
Medium
12 Punjab 0.698
13 Haryana 0.696
14 Maharashtra 0.695
15 Tamil Nadu 0.692
16 Arunachal Pradesh 0.683
17 Manipur 0.683
18 Uttarakhand 0.681
19 Nagaland 0.679
20 Daman and Diu 0.674
21 Karnataka 0.673
22 Telangana 0.660
23 Rajasthan 0.652
24 Meghalaya 0.650
25 Gujarat 0.646
– India 0.644
26 Andhra Pradesh 0.642
27 West Bengal 0.635
28 Chhattisgarh 0.625
29 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 0.624
30 Tripura 0.624
31 Assam 0.615
32 Madhya Pradesh 0.611
33 Orissa 0.610
34 Uttar Pradesh 0.609
35 Jharkhand 0.600
36 Bihar 0.577

Historical trend

Indian states by HDI (2006)
State HDI[3]
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
North India
Chandigarh 0.636 0.632 0.628 0.655 0.639 0.725 0.745
Delhi 0.584 0.614 0.656 0.683 0.699 0.722 0.728
Haryana 0.471 0.501 0.542 0.584 0.625 0.678 0.689
Himachal Pradesh 0.485 0.525 0.583 0.638 0.658 0.696 0.709
Jammu and Kashmir 0.499 0.507 0.522 0.581 0.633 0.667 0.712
Punjab 0.502 0.532 0.572 0.608 0.648 0.695 0.692
Uttar Pradesh 0.398 0.423 0.455 0.496 0.526 0.568 0.603
Uttarakhand 0.627 0.626 0.620 0.647 0.631 0.655 0.675
West India
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 0.672 0.673 0.672 0.699 0.685 0.655 0.618
Daman and Diu 0.651 0.652 0.654 0.679 0.666 0.682 0.668
Goa 0.558 0.577 0.608 0.665 0.728 0.746 0.754
Gujarat 0.474 0.492 0.520 0.566 0.597 0.643 0.640
Maharashtra 0.498 0.521 0.551 0.596 0.636 0.672 0.689
Rajasthan 0.406 0.431 0.462 0.503 0.539 0.598 0.645
East India
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 0.686 0.685 0.684 0.712 0.697 0.714 0.719
West Bengal 0.443 0.468 0.499 0.532 0.564 0.613 0.628
Bihar 0.380 0.402 0.429 0.463 0.506 0.551 0.570
Jharkhand 0.563 0.559 0.554 0.579 0.564 0.577 0.593
Odisha 0.403 0.423 0.451 0.487 0.527 0.578 0.603
Northeast India
Assam 0.413 0.442 0.481 0.524 0.557 0.590 0.608
Arunachal Pradesh 0.442 0.467 0.496 0.528 0.632 0.655 0.675
Manipur 0.500 0.522 0.552 0.591 0.672 0.686 0.676
Meghalaya 0.461 0.465 0.470 0.526 0.611 0.641 0.643
Mizoram 0.532 0.543 0.563 0.624 0.676 0.689 0.703
Nagaland 0.539 0.530 0.516 0.550 0.651 0.671 0.672
Sikkim 0.546 0.542 0.542 0.585 0.625 0.684 0.705
Tripura 0.450 0.483 0.524 0.555 0.599 0.636 0.617
South India
Andhra Pradesh 0.428 0.446 0.472 0.524 0.571 0.623 0.635
Karnataka 0.448 0.474 0.511 0.559 0.597 0.652 0.667
Kerala 0.551 0.565 0.592 0.672 0.706 0.750 0.751
Lakshadweep 0.695 0.694 0.694 0.721 0.707 0.723 0.713
Puducherry 0.711 0.719 0.719 0.748 0.732 0.722 0.735
Tamil Nadu 0.476 0.500 0.536 0.593 0.638 0.662 0.685
Telangana 0.624 0.621 0.617 0.643 0.628 0.644 0.653
Central India
Chhattisgarh 0.563 0.559 0.553 0.578 0.563 0.586 0.618
Madhya Pradesh 0.408 0.427 0.452 0.493 0.528 0.577 0.605
India 0.434 0.458 0.490 0.532 0.572 0.619 0.638

MoSPI

The list is based on the 2018 report published by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) of Government of India.[4]

Rank State/Union Territory HDI (2018)
High
1 Delhi 0.839
2 Chandigarh 0.827
3 Goa 0.806
4 Kerala 0.775
5 Sikkim 0.764
6 Himachal Pradesh 0.761
7 Uttarakhand 0.758
8 Puducherry 0.752
9 Maharashtra 0.750
10 Mizoram 0.747
11 Punjab 0.738
12 Tamil Nadu 0.738
13 Haryana 0.724
14 Andaman and Nicobar 0.707
15 Karnataka 0.706
16 Telangana 0.705
17 Meghalaya 0.704
Medium
18 Gujarat 0.698
19 Daman and Diu 0.695
20 Lakshadweep 0.687
21 Manipur 0.686
22 Arunachal Pradesh 0.684
23 Nagaland 0.678
24 West Bengal 0.674
– India 0.672
25 Tripura 0.667
26 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 0.662
27 Jammu and Kashmir 0.663
28 Assam 0.651
29 Odisha 0.649
30 Andhra Pradesh 0.648
31 Rajasthan 0.638
32 Chhattisgarh 0.629
33 Jharkhand 0.618
34 Madhya Pradesh 0.616
35 Uttar Pradesh 0.592
36 Bihar 0.551

Historical trend

Legend

High

  0.850–0.899
  0.800–0.849
  0.750–0.799
  0.700–0.749

Medium

  0.650–0.699
  0.600–0.649
  0.550–0.599
  0.500–0.549

Low

  0.450–0.499
  0.400–0.449
  0.350–0.399
  0.300–0.349
  0.250–0.299
  ≤0.250
  No information
  • 1981 to 2011 HDI trend
  • 1981
    1981
  • 1991
    1991
  • 2001
    2001
  • 2007–08[5]
    2007–08[5]

Consumption-based

The data in the below table is based on the estimated consumption expenditure.[5]

Rank State/Union Territory HDI (2007-08)
1 Kerala 0.810
2 Delhi 0.750
3 Himachal Pradesh 0.652
4 Goa 0.617
5 Punjab 0.605
6 Northeast India 0.573
7 Maharashtra 0.572
8 Tamil Nadu 0.570
9 Haryana 0.552
10 Jammu and Kashmir 0.542
11 Gujarat 0.527
12 Karnataka 0.519
– India 0.513
13 West Bengal 0.492
14 Uttarakhand 0.490
15 Andhra Pradesh 0.473
17 Rajasthan 0.434
18 Uttar Pradesh 0.380
19 Jharkhand 0.376
20 Madhya Pradesh 0.375
21 Bihar 0.367
22 Odisha 0.362
23 Chhattisgarh 0.358

HDI indicators

Demographics (2022)[6]
State or territory Subnational
HDI 		Health
index 		Educational
index 		Income
index 		Life expectancy Expected years schooling Mean years schooling Log Gross National Income
per capita
Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male
India 0.644 0.735 0.569 0.641 67.74 69.38 66.26 12.58 12.61 12.56 6.571 5.529 7.626 8.847 7.992 9.278
Andaman and Nicobar 0.706 0.789 0.624 0.714 71.26 73.62 69.57 13.12 13.49 12.74 7.800 7.451 8.136 9.344 8.433 9.789
Andhra Pradesh 0.642 0.741 0.534 0.668 68.19 69.93 66.88 12.66 12.71 12.63 5.476 4.542 6.457 9.027 8.155 9.467
Arunachal Pradesh 0.683 0.795 0.595 0.674 71.65 74.08 69.93 13.99 14.06 13.94 6.178 5.411 6.916 9.064 8.189 9.506
Assam 0.615 0.745 0.546 0.571 68.42 70.20 66.90 12.03 12.35 11.74 6.364 5.852 6.856 8.387 7.577 8.796
Bihar 0.577 0.702 0.497 0.551 65.65 66.83 64.24 12.16 12.00 12.47 4.783 3.339 6.357 8.253 7.456 8.655
Chandigarh 0.751 0.773 0.721 0.759 70.27 72.44 68.65 13.72 13.92 13.58 10.19 9.867 10.50 9.633 8.703 10.10
Chhattisgarh 0.625 0.725 0.546 0.617 67.13 68.64 65.67 12.56 12.99 12.14 5.899 4.681 7.096 8.688 7.879 9.111
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 0.624 0.751 0.521 0.621 68.80 70.66 67.26 11.01 11.55 10.61 6.467 4.971 7.626 8.718 7.876 9.143
Daman and Diu 0.674 0.788 0.568 0.683 71.24 73.60 69.56 11.23 11.67 10.85 7.686 6.668 8.545 9.125 8.244 9.570
Delhi 0.734 0.760 0.702 0.742 69.40 71.39 67.83 14.10 14.61 13.61 9.308 8.589 9.955 9.518 8.598 9.981
Goa 0.760 0.808 0.714 0.761 72.51 75.11 70.73 14.28 14.44 14.14 9.525 9.223 9.915 9.643 8.712 10.11
Gujarat 0.646 0.745 0.534 0.678 68.44 70.23 66.92 11.26 10.95 11.46 6.643 5.519 7.726 9.092 8.214 9.535
Haryana 0.696 0.739 0.631 0.721 68.03 69.73 66.53 13.67 13.85 13.46 7.542 6.302 8.715 9.381 8.475 9.838
Himachal Pradesh 0.715 0.765 0.667 0.717 69.73 71.78 68.14 14.07 14.61 13.52 8.296 7.494 9.195 9.355 8.451 9.811
Jammu and Kashmir 0.720 0.796 0.664 0.705 71.75 74.20 70.03 15.09 15.23 14.93 7.356 6.109 8.475 9.270 8.374 9.721
Jharkhand 0.600 0.721 0.529 0.565 66.84 68.28 65.39 12.48 12.57 12.43 5.486 4.080 6.946 8.346 7.540 8.752
Karnataka 0.673 0.767 0.585 0.681 69.88 71.96 68.28 12.88 13.03 12.73 6.808 5.905 7.736 9.112 8.232 9.556
Kerala 0.758 0.822 0.732 0.724 73.43 76.20 71.58 15.05 15.59 14.52 9.422 9.620 9.305 9.400 8.493 9.858
Lakshadweep 0.719 0.767 0.666 0.726 69.88 72.15 68.17 13.59 14.09 13.17 8.668 8.321 9.205 9.413 8.504 9.871
Madhya Pradesh 0.611 0.715 0.525 0.608 66.46 67.83 65.03 11.98 11.86 12.07 5.765 4.477 6.966 8.629 7.796 9.050
Maharashtra 0.695 0.771 0.637 0.684 70.12 72.26 68.51 13.51 13.41 13.54 7.862 6.893 8.815 9.132 8.250 9.577
Manipur 0.683 0.769 0.674 0.614 69.96 72.06 68.36 13.94 13.92 13.96 8.616 7.870 9.445 8.671 7.834 9.094
Meghalaya 0.650 0.744 0.590 0.624 68.34 70.10 66.82 13.42 14.13 12.74 6.529 6.571 6.536 8.737 7.893 9.162
Mizoram 0.709 0.766 0.653 0.713 69.82 71.89 68.23 13.39 13.42 13.30 8.441 8.267 8.655 9.327 8.426 9.781
Nagaland 0.679 0.765 0.632 0.647 69.75 71.81 68.16 13.45 13.87 13.05 7.738 7.387 8.086 8.888 8.030 9.321
Odisha 0.610 0.731 0.520 0.595 67.54 69.14 66.06 11.73 11.71 11.79 5.837 4.896 6.816 8.544 7.719 8.960
Puducherry 0.741 0.815 0.682 0.733 73.00 75.69 71.18 13.77 14.45 13.11 8.988 8.332 9.825 9.456 8.542 9.916
Punjab 0.698 0.748 0.616 0.738 68.60 70.42 67.07 13.07 13.66 12.53 7.573 7.215 7.936 9.489 8.573 9.952
Rajasthan 0.652 0.740 0.561 0.668 68.10 69.82 66.60 13.38 13.18 13.59 5.693 3.951 7.396 9.027 8.196 9.467
Sikkim 0.712 0.786 0.664 0.692 71.10 73.42 69.42 14.72 15.17 14.24 7.655 7.387 7.916 9.183 8.297 9.631
Tamil Nadu 0.692 0.778 0.626 0.679 70.54 72.76 68.90 13.43 13.87 13.00 7.593 7.000 8.286 9.102 8.233 9.545
Telangana 0.660 0.759 0.560 0.676 69.31 71.28 67.74 13.22 13.35 13.08 5.796 4.606 7.066 9.077 8.201 9.519
Tripura 0.624 0.722 0.566 0.594 66.94 68.41 65.49 12.54 12.34 12.84 6.519 5.927 7.116 8.538 7.713 8.954
Uttar Pradesh 0.609 0.699 0.540 0.599 65.46 66.60 64.05 11.89 11.73 12.06 6.302 4.896 7.716 8.571 7.743 8.989
Uttarakhand 0.681 0.734 0.627 0.686 67.72 69.36 66.24 13.24 13.56 12.94 7.769 6.614 8.965 9.148 8.265 9.594
West Bengal 0.635 0.765 0.551 0.606 69.70 71.75 68.12 12.47 12.95 12.02 6.147 5.465 6.836 8.619 7.787 9.039

References

  1. ^ "Subnational HDI - historical trend". Global Data Lab, United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  2. ^ "India's human development continues to make progress, ranks 130 out of 193 countries". United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 15 May 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
  3. ^ a b c "Subnational HDI". Global Data Lab, United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  4. ^ Report on Gendering Human Development (PDF). Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India (Report). 2018. p. 52. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
  5. ^ a b India Human Development Report 2011 (PDF) (Report). Government of India. p. 257. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  6. ^ "Custom set of indicators (2022) – Subnational HDI". Global Data Lab, UNDP. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
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